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Computer Graphics Lab Day-1: Here

1) The document provides instructions for configuring the Code::Blocks IDE to use graphics functions from the graphics.h header file. It involves downloading, extracting, and configuring files to enable graphics functionality. 2) Key graphics concepts like pixels, initgraph, and drawing basic shapes like lines, circles, ellipses, and rectangles are explained. Functions for setting colors, fill styles, and filling areas are also covered. 3) Examples are given demonstrating how to use graphics functions to draw different shapes on screen.

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Ihsan baust
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90 views7 pages

Computer Graphics Lab Day-1: Here

1) The document provides instructions for configuring the Code::Blocks IDE to use graphics functions from the graphics.h header file. It involves downloading, extracting, and configuring files to enable graphics functionality. 2) Key graphics concepts like pixels, initgraph, and drawing basic shapes like lines, circles, ellipses, and rectangles are explained. Functions for setting colors, fill styles, and filling areas are also covered. 3) Examples are given demonstrating how to use graphics functions to draw different shapes on screen.

Uploaded by

Ihsan baust
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics Lab

Day-1

##Graphics configure for code::blocks

1. First download WinBGIm GCC47 file from here.


2. unzip the WinBGIm_GCC47.zip
3. open "graphics.h" file. and replace 302 line with "int left=0, int top=0, int
right=INT_MAX, int bottom=INT_MAX," line.
4. copy & paste "graphics.h" and "winbgim.h" into compiler include folder.
5. copy & paste libbgi.a file into compiler lib folder.
6. Now open code::blocks.
7. Go to settings -> Compiler -> Linker settings
8. Left side Linker libraries click add, and browse the file "libbgi.a" and add. In my pc this
is "C:\Program Files (x86)\CodeBlocks\MinGW\lib\libbgi.a"
9. In Right side Other linker options text field copy paste this, "-lbgi -lgdi32 -lcomdlg32 -
luuid -loleaut32 -lole32" (without quotes)
10. Press ok.
Computer Graphics Lab
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 What are pixels in an image?


In digital imaging, a pixel, pel, dots, or picture element is a physical point in a raster image, or
the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest
controllable element of a picture represented on the screen.

What is a pixel in computer graphics?


The pixel (a word invented from "picture element") is the basic unit of programmable color on a
computer display or in a computer image. Think of it as a logical - rather than a physical - unit.
The physical size of a pixel depends on how you've set the resolution for the display screen.

What are initgraph, gd and gm?

 gd = graphdriver;
 gm = graphmode;

Syntax for initgraph:

void initgraph (int *graphdriver, int *graphmode, char *pathtodriver) ;

Description for initgraph:

initgraph

initgraph is used to initialize the graphics system by loading a graphics driver from disk and
thereby putting the system into graphics mode.

To start the graphics system, we first call the initgraph function. initgraph may use a particular
graphics driver and mode, or it may auto-detect and pick the corresponding driver at runtime,
according to our needs.

If we tell initgraph to autodetect, it calls detectgraph to select a graphics driver and mode. It also
resets all graphics settings to their defaults values like current position, color, viewport and so on
and also resets graph result to 0.

Normally, memory is allocated by initgraph to load a particular graphics driver through


_graphgetmem, then it loads the appropriate BGI file from disk.

pathtodriver

pathtodriver denotes the directory path where initgraph must look for graphic drivers. initgraph
first goes through the directed path to look for the files and if they are not found there, it goes to
the current directory. The graphic driver must files must be present in the current directory if the
pathtodriver is null.
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graphdriver

*graphdriver is the integer that specifies which graphics driver is to be used. We can give it a value
using a constant of the graphics_drivers enum type, which is defined in graphics.h and listed below.

graphics_drivers constant Numeric value


DETECT 0 (requests autodetect)
CGA 1
MCGA 2
EGA 3
EGA64 4
EGAMONO 5
IBM8514 6
HERCMONO 7
ATT400 8
VGA 9
PC3270 10

graphmode

*graphmode is also an integer that specifies the initial graphics mode.

graphdriver and graphmode must be given proper values from the tables or we will get absurd and
unexpected results. The exception here is when graphdriver = DETECT. In this case, initgraph sets
*graphmode to the highest resolution available for the detected driver.

Draw a line in C++ graphics


graphics.h library is used to include and facilitate graphical operations in program. graphics.h
functions can be used to draw different shapes, display text in different fonts, change colors and
many more. Using functions of graphics.h you can make graphics programs, animations, projects
and games. You can draw circles, lines, rectangles, bars and many other geometrical figures. You
can change their colors using the available functions and fill them.

Explanation :The header file graphics.h contains line() function which is described below :

Declaration : void line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

line function is used to draw a line from a point(x1,y1) to point(x2,y2) i.e. (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
are end points of the line.

Draw ellipse in C graphics


Program to draw ellipse in C using graphics.h header file.
graphics.h library is used to include and facilitate graphical operations in program. C graphics
Computer Graphics Lab
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using graphics.h functions can be used to draw different shapes, display text in different fonts,
change colors and many more. Using functions of graphics.h you can make graphics programs,
animations, projects and games. You can draw circles, lines, rectangles, bars and many other
geometrical figures. You can change their colors using the available functions and fill them.

Examples:

Input : x=250, y=200, start_angle = 0,


end_angle = 360, x_rad = 100, y_rad = 50
Output :

Input : x=250, y=200, start_angle = 0,


end_angle = 180, x_rad = 80, y_rad = 150
Output :

Explanation :The header file graphics.h contains ellipse() function which is described below :

void ellipse(int x, int y, int start_angle, int end_angle, int x_radius, int y_radius)

In this function x, y is the location of the ellipse. x_radius and y_radius decide the radius of form
x and y.
start_angle is the starting point of angle and end_angle is the ending point of angle. The value of
angle can vary from 0 to 360 degree

Draw Rectangle in C graphics


rectangle() is used to draw a rectangle. Coordinates of left top and right bottom corner are
required to draw the rectangle. left specifies the X-coordinate of top left corner, top specifies the
Y-coordinate of top left corner, right specifies the X-coordinate of right bottom corner, bottom
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specifies the Y-coordinate of right bottom corner.
Syntax :

rectangle(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);

Examples:

Input : left = 150, top = 250, right = 450, bottom = 350;


Output :

Input : left = 150, top = 150, right = 450, bottom = 450;


Output :

Draw circle in C graphics


The header file graphics.h contains circle() function which draws a circle with center at (x, y)
and given radius.

Syntax :

circle(x, y, radius);

where,
(x, y) is center of the circle.
'radius' is the Radius of the circle.

Examples :

Input : x = 250, y = 200, radius = 50


Output :
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Input : x = 300, y = 150, radius = 90


Output :

setfillstyle() and floodfill() in C


The header file graphics.h contains setfillstyle() function which sets the current fill pattern and
fill color. floodfill() function is used to fill an enclosed area. Current fill pattern and fill color is
used to fill the area.

Syntax :

void setfillstyle(int pattern, int color)

void floodfill(int x, int y, int border_color)

Examples :

Input : pattern = HATCH_FILL, Color = RED


circle : x = 250, y = 250, radius = 100
floodfill : x = 250, y = 250, border color =15
Output :
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Input : pattern = LTSLASH_FILL, Color = RED


rectangle : left = 200, top = 200, right = 450, bottom = 450
floodfill : x = 201, y = 201, border_color = 15
Output :

Below is the table showing INT VALUES corresponding to Colors :

COLOR INT VALUES


-------------------------------
BLACK 0
BLUE 1
GREEN 2
CYAN 3
RED 4
MAGENTA 5
BROWN 6
LIGHTGRAY 7
DARKGRAY 8
LIGHTBLUE 9
LIGHTGREEN 10
LIGHTCYAN 11
LIGHTRED 12
LIGHTMAGENTA 13
YELLOW 14
WHITE 15

Below is the table showing INT VALUES corresponding to Patterns :

PATTERN INT VALUES


-------------------------------
EMPTY_FILL 0
SOLID_FILL 1
LINE_FILL 2
LTSLASH_FILL 3
SLASH_FILL 4
BKSLASH_FILL 5
LTBKSLASH_FILL 6

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