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Simulation of Diffuse Optical Tomography Using COMSOL Multiphysics

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Simulation of Diffuse Optical Tomography Using COMSOL Multiphysics

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Simulation of Diffuse Optical Tomography Using COMSOL Multiphysics

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Ngôn Nguyễn
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Simulation of Diffuse Optical

Tomography using COMSOL


Multiphysics ®
S.A.M. Kirmani1, L. Velmanickam1 , D. Nawarathna1 , S.S. Sherif2 , and I.T. Lima Jr.1
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Motivation

 Diagnostic procedures essential for proper diagnosis of medical conditions


 X-rays, CT-Scan, MRI etc.
 Employ harmful electromagnetic radiations
 Safe alternative: optical tomography techniques
 Employ infrared light
 Biological tissues – turbid media
 Scattering mean free path = 0.1 mm
 Absorption mean free path = 10 – 100 mm
Diffuse Photon Density Waves (DPDW)

 Frequency domain optical tomography technique based on diffusive


propagation of light
 Employs intensity modulated light sources
 Determine the optical properties of tissues
 Important for many biomedical applications.
 Observe and analyze cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue damage
 Diagnosis and treatment of pressure ulcers, skin and tissue injuries, wounds and
burns.
 Our simulation produced results that are two orders of magnitude faster
than the equivalent Monte Carlo method of light transport in tissues.
Light inside biological tissues

 Biological tissues
 Absorption Coefficient μa
 Scattering Coefficient μs
 Anisotropy Factor g
 Radiative transfer equation (RTE)
 Diffusion equation (DE)
 Monte Carlo method
Radiative transfer equation

 Radiative transfer equation (RTE)


1 𝜕𝐿 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡
= −𝑠 ∙ 𝛻𝐿 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡 − 𝜇𝑡 𝐿 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡 + 𝜇𝑠 𝐿 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡 𝑝 𝑠, 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 + 𝑆 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡
𝜈 𝜕𝑡 4𝜋

 Light radiance
 Light power per unit area travelling in the 𝑠 direction at position 𝑟and time t

1 3
𝐿 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡 = φ 𝑟, 𝑡 + 𝐽 𝑟, 𝑡 ∙ 𝑠
4𝜋 4𝜋
Radiative transfer equation

 Photon fluence rate


 Total power per unit area moving radially outward from the infinitesimal volume
element at position 𝑟 and time t

φ 𝑟, 𝑡 ≡ 𝐿 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡 𝑑𝑠
4𝜋

 Photon flux
 Power per unit area travelling in the 𝑠 direction at position 𝑟 and time t

𝐽 𝑟, 𝑡 ≡ 𝐿 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡 𝑠 𝑑𝑠
4𝜋
Diffusion equation

 Diffusion equation
𝜕φ 𝑟, 𝑡
−𝛻 ∙ D 𝑟 𝛻φ 𝑟, 𝑡 + 𝜈𝜇𝑎 𝑟 φ 𝑟, 𝑡 + = 𝜈S 𝑟, 𝑡
𝜕𝑡

 Photon diffusion coefficient


𝜈
D 𝑟 ≡
3 𝜇𝑠 𝑟 + 𝜇𝑎 𝑟

 Diffusion equation for DPDW (Helmholtz equation)


𝑖𝜔
−𝛻 ∙ D 𝑟 𝛻𝑈 𝑟 + 𝜇𝑎 𝑟 − 𝑈 𝑟 = S𝑎𝑐 𝑟 .
𝜈
Simulation Model

(a) (b)
Figure 1. (a) Geometrical model of the tissue (b) Tissue cross-section.
DPDW phase against source – detector
separation
1.3
Kuzmin's et al. plot (a) (b) 2% concentration of
1.2 MCML plot (a) Intralipid aqueous solution
COMSOL plot (a)
Kuzmin's et al. plot (b)
Phase (rad) 1.1 MCML plot (b)
COMSOL plot (b)
1
0.9
0.8 (a) 0.5% concentration of
Intralipid aqueous solution
0.7
0.6
0.125 0.34375 0.5625 0.78125 1
Seperation (cm)
Figure 2. DPDW phase against source – detector separations for two different concentrations
of aqueous intralipid solution
DPDW intensity attenuation against
source – detector separation
-1.5
-1.7 0.5% concentration of

Intensity Attenuation
Intralipid aqueous solution
-1.9
-2.1
-2.3
-2.5
-2.7
-2.9 Kuzmin et al.
-3.1 MCML
-3.3 COMSOL
-3.5
0.15 0.3975 0.645 0.8925 1.14
Seperation (cm)
Figure 3. DPDW intensity attenuation against source – detector separation
Thank You

 Questions?

S.A.M. Kirmani
syedabdulmannan.kirm@ndsu.edu

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