Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2018

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI0) Paper 2BR
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Summer 2018
Publications Code 4BI0_2BR_1806_MS
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© Pearson Education Ltd 2018
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according
to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer Notes Marks
number

1 (a) 1. protein coat / capsid; 2

2. nucleic acid / RNA / DNA;

(b) placenta; 1

(c) 1. attenuated virus / harmless virus / weakened virus / 1. Ignore dead virus /
inactive virus / attenuated pathogen / harmless pathogen / dead pathogen
weakened pathogen / inactive pathogen

or

antigen;

2. secondary immune response;

max 4
3. memory cells; 3. Allow memory
lymphocytes
4. antibodies produced more / faster / sooner / eq;

5. destroy virus / destroy pathogen; 5. Ignore kill virus

(d) kill species / kill mosquito;

Ignore insects 1
 (e) 1. males do not produce sperm / less mating with fertile males;
2
2. no fertilization / no offspring produced /
fewer offspring produced / less reproduction;

(f) 1. some feed on nectar / plants / flowers / producers; 2

2. some feed on blood / humans / animals;

(g) 1. distinguish correct species / mosquito / only kills mosquitoes that max 3
only those that spread Zika; spread Zika = 2

2. kill / reduce mosquitoes that spread Zika / virus / pathogens / 2. Allow converse
disease / harmful mosquitoes;

3. use less pesticide;

4. affect on food chains;

5. humans not needed / eq;

Total 15 marks
Question Answer Notes Marks
number

2(a) (flower A) Allow converse max 3

1. large(r) petals / large(r) flower; Ignore colour / nectar /

features of pollen
2. stamens enclosed / anther enclosed / eq;

3. stigma enclosed / style short(er) / eq;

4. non-feathery stigma / eq;

5. guide lines;

(b) 4

Stage Order 4 or 5 correct = 4

pollen tube grows down style
3 3 correct = 3
nuclei move down pollen tube
4 2 correct = 2
pollen grain germinates
2 1 correct = 1
zygote formed
5
petals wither
(6)
pollen grain lands on stigma
1

Total 7 marks
 Question Answer Notes Marks
number

3 (a) 1. Coal tit; max 4

2. needs most energy (per day) / small(est) / least body mass;

3. large(st) surface area to volume ratio;

4. (most) heat loss / hard to stay warm / cannot keep warm / 4. Ignore if linked to fat /
cools faster; insulation

5. (more) respiration; 5. Ignore if linked to fat /

insulation

(b) 1. oxygen for complete food combustion / more food burnt / Allow converse max 5
increases burning of food / complete energy transfer;

2. food enclosed so less energy lost (in transfer);

3. insulation so less heat loss / trap heat / less cooling;

4. lid so less heat loss / trap heat / less cooling;

5. copper pipe / coiled pipe transfers heat (to water) /

conducts heat (to water);

6. stirrer distributes heat / distributes temperature;

Total 9 marks
Question Answer Notes Marks
number

4 (a) 27.9% / 27.94 / 28(%);; Allow one mark for 2

38 / 0.279 / 0.28 / any
more than two decimal
places in working

(b) (number of) insect(s) / (population of) insect(s) / eq;

1

(c) 1. several samples / repeat; 1. Ignore quadrats alone Max 4

2. random;

3. method of randomization; 3. e.g. number generator

4. sample at same depth of soil;

5. sample at same time (of year / day / season);

6. same stage of wheat growth / same variety of wheat /

same species of wheat;
(d) 1. breed / cross / mate plants with large grains / eq; 1. Ignore characteristic
1. Allow normal crossed
with large grain
2. use offspring (with large grains) to breed;
max 3
3. continue over several generations;

Total 10 marks
Question Answer Notes Marks
number

5(a) (i) 1. obesity / overweight / eq; max 2

2. Ignore increase mass
2. (fat / cholesterol) build up in arteries / block arteries; / size / get fat
3. lead to CHD / high blood pressure / stroke / diabetes / eq;
3. Ignore veins

(ii) 1. contains fibre / roughage; 2

2. aid peristalsis / movement through gut / prevent constipation;

(iii) 1. calcium / vitamin D;

milk for bones = 1 2
2. bones / skeleton;
Ignore teeth

(b) 1. correct proportion / correct amount / suitable amount / 2

sufficient amount / eq;

2. carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, fibre and

(water)
(c) 1. (more) carbohydrate / (more) named carbohydrate / (more) lipid Allow converse max 2
for energy / calories / joules;

2. more protein for muscle;

Total 10 marks
 Question Answer Notes Marks
number

6(a) 5
Component Function

(lymphocytes) antibodies / antitoxins / Reject antigens

memory cells;

engulf pathogens / named Allow ingest

(phagocytes) pathogen / phagocytosis /
digest pathogens / eq;

plasma; (transport urea)

platelets / plasma (help in clotting) Allow named clotting

factors

(red blood cells) transport oxygen; Allow transport carbon

dioxide
(b) Red blood cell: max 4

1. no nucleus means more haemoglobin;

2. haemoglobin to transport oxygen;

3. (bi)concave shape / large SA:Vol to absorb oxygen;

White blood cell:

4. has nucleus so can divide;

5. large(r) to engulf pathogens /

change shape to engulf pathogens;

6. has nucleus so can produce antibodies;

Total 9 marks
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