Presentation of Group No : 01
Footing 141001,141002,141003
141004,141005,141006
Dr. Md. Rezaul Karim
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur
Objective
01 To know various types of footing
02 To know Design theory of Footing
03 To know Design Procedure of Footing
04 Details of footing
Index
Foundation
Footing
Function of Footing
Types of Footing Size of footing
Wall Footing Design for one way shear for column
Isolated or single-column Footing footing
Combined Footing Design for Two way shear of footing
Raft Footing Flexure strength & Reinforcement of
Pile Cap footing
Soil Pressure Distribution & Development length
Maximum Allowable Soil Pressure Dowel Bar
Design Thought Typical Drawing
Design assumption of Footing
One way shear
Two way shear
Foundation
What is Foundation ?
The substructure or foundation is the
part of a structure that is usually placed
below the surface of the ground and that
transmits the load to the underlying soil
or rock.
Transmits the load to the underlying
soil or rock.
Anchor to the superstructure
Footing
What is Footing ?
Footings are sub structural member which is
used to support columns and walls and
transmit their loads to the underlying soils. It
is a one kind of bridge to earth and supper
structure.
It is a bridge of load transferring from
structure to soil.
Footing
All substructures are not footing.
Function of Footing
Wall
What is funtion of footing ?
To transmit the load of the structure to a soil
layer of sufficient strength Footing
To spread the load over a sufficiently large area Soil
of that layer to minimize bearing pressure
Types of Footing
01
Wall Footing
02 Isolated or single column footing
03 Combined Footing
04 Mat or Rat or Floating Footing
05 Pile Caps
Wall Footing
What is wall footing ?
Wall footing is simply an enlargement of the
bottom of a wall that will sufficiently distribute
the load to the foundation soil
Normally used around the perimeter of a building
and interior walls.
Isolated or single-column Footing
What is Isolated or single-column Footing ?
Isolated or single-column footing is used to
support the load of a single column.
Loads are relatively light
Columns are not closely spaced
Combined Footing
What is Combined footing ?
When space between two single-column footing are too small that both
footing would run into each other.
At property line when single-column
footing extend across these line then
column footing are provided
Raft Footing
What is raft footing ?
A mat or raft or floating footing is a continuous reinforced concrete slab over a
large area used to support many columns and walls.
Soil strength is low
Column load is high
If isolated column are provided then it cover
more then 50% of total building area
Pile Cap
What is Pile Cap?
When soil strength is lower then use pile foundation .Pile
caps are slabs of reinforced concrete used to distribute
column loads to group of piles .
Pile Cap or Footing
Design Consideration of
footing
Soil Pressure
Fig – (a) Pressure Max at end of Footing in Fig- (b) Pressure Max at Center of Footing in
Clay soil Sandy soil
The soil pressure at the surface of contact
between a footing and the soil is assumed to
be uniformly distributed as long as the load
above is applied at the center of gravity of
the footing
Fig- (c)
Maximum Allowable Soil Pressure
Design Thought
The factored load of footing must be prevented and
equilibrated by corresponding bearing pressure of soil .
Footing must be designed to resist
One way shear
Two way or punching shear
All moments
Design assumption of Footing
Fig- c
Fig- a
Fig- d
Fig- e
Fig- b
One way shear
One way shear
One Way Shear or beam shear .This types of shear
failure occurs at the d distance from the face of column
or Wall at 45 degree
Critical section for one way shear
Footing
Two way shear
Two way or The compression load from
Punching shear the column tends to spread
out into the footing.
Diagonal tension in that
area occur.
As a result a square
column tends to punch out
from the slab.
Shape of punching area of a
headless pyramid.
Critical section for two way
shear is located at d/2
distance from the face of the
column .
Design procedure of
footing
Size of footing
The area of footing can be determined from the actual external loads
such that the allowable soil pressure is not exceeded.
Total unfactored load including self - weight
Area of footing
Allowable soil pressure
Strength design requirements
Pu (Factored load)
Ultimate design pressure q u
Area of footing
Design for one way shear for column footing
Developed shear force at critical section-
Allowable shear force -
Check the adequacy of the section if Vu ≤ øVc or not.
Design for Two way shear of footing
Determine b0:
b0 = 4(c+ d) for square columns c= side dimension
b0 = 2(c1+d) +2(c2+d) for rectangular columns of sides c1 and c2.
Developed shear force at the critical section-
Vu q u A - c d for square columns
2
Allowable shear force
φVc 4φ fc b0d
Check the adequacy for the punching shear if Vu ≤ øVc or not.
Flexure strength & Reinforcement of footing
Determined Moment
M = q x (L-C)/2 (L-C)/2
Reinforcement Calculation
Inverted Cantilever
First assume a then get As from Trail & Error method
Slab
Minimum reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement
Distribution & Development length
Development length
The development length for compression bars
But not less than
Distribution Bar
Distribution Bar wall Footing
Distribution Bar Rectangular column Footing
Dowel Bar
Dowel Bar
A minimum steel ratio r = 0.005 of the column section compared to r = 0.01 as
minimum reinforcement for the column itself.
The numbers of dowel bars needed is four these may be placed at the four corners
of the column.
The dowel bars are usually extended into the footing, bent at the ends, and tied to
the main footing reinforcement.
The dowel diameter shall not exceed the diameter of the longitudinal bars
Typical Drawing
That’s all
Thank you everyone
