FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(BDA 4033)
Lecture Module 1: Introduction
Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Course Objectives
The aim of the subject is to introduce basic finite
element methods and its relevant applications to
the solution of engineering problems.
It will provide a sufficient knowledge in using
application FEM based software creatively for
professional works.
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course students
should be able to:
develop computational model based on standard
element stiffness matrices
solve numerically problems in bar/truss/frame
structure, heat transfer and fluid flow
execute problem solving methods using the
available finite element methods software
discuss in group to improve model acquired by
using resources from finite element solution.
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What you can do…
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What you can do…Heat Transfer
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References
Saeed Moaveni, 2008. Finite Element Analysis, 3rd edition, Pearson
Education International.
N.S. Ottosen & H. Petersson, 1992. Introduction to the Finite Element
Method, Prentice Hall.
G.R. Buchanan, 1995. Schaum’s Outline Series, Theory and Problems of
Finite Element Analysis, McGraw-Hill.
J.N. Reddy, 2006. An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, 3rd
edition, McGraw Hill
K.J. Bathe, 1996. Finite Element Procedures, Prentice Hall.
L.J. Segerlind, 1997. Analisis Unsur Terhingga Gunaan, diterjemahkan
oleh Muhamad Her Jantan, Penerbit UTM.
Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla & Ashok D.Belegundu, 2002. Introduction to
Finite Elements in Engineering, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall
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Subject Delivery
Lecturing and Tutoring
Explaining theories, methods and understanding related to the
topics.
Discussing sample problems related to the topics
Software Application on Laboratory Session (A)
Application of finite element methods using FEM software
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INTRODUCTION
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What is Finite Element Method
The finite element method is a numerical analysis technique.
technique
The basic principle in FEM is the object of interest (to analysed) is
divided into certain number of regions.
Each region is referred to as ELEMENT and the process of subdividing
a domain into a finite number of elements is referred to as
DISCRETISATION.
DISCRETISATION
Elements are connected at specific points, called NODES,
NODES and the
assembly process requires that the solution be continuous along
common boundaries of adjacent elements.
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Background History
of Discretization and Convergence
Calculating area under the curve
∫ f x dx
a
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External approach Internal approach
Exact solution
Number of elements
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Example of Calculation
Number of lines Result Result
From Inside From Outside
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Discretization
Object/domain/model
Element
Node
SMALLER ELEMENT
MORE ACCURATE
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Element and Node
Element is used to represent the geometry of the object
Node represents the motion flexibility of the point in the object, which is
called the DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Ty
Ry
y
Rx Maximum DOF: 6 per node
x Tx
3 translations: Tx, Ty, Tz
z 3 rotations: Rx, Ry, Rz
Rz
Tz
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Response / Output
follows the defined DOF
Node of element has
only axial translation
FEM model
Responded with
deformation
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Response / Output
follows the defined DOF
Node of element has
only axial translation
FEM model
No response showed
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Line Elements
Axial element Torsional element
Truss 2D Element
Truss 3D Element
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Line Elements
Beam Element
Space Frame Element
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Surface Elements
Plate Triangular Element
Plate Quadrilateral
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Surface Elements
Plate Bending Quadrilateral Element
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Surface Elements
Plate Membrane Quadrilateral Element
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Surface Elements
Shell Quadrilateral Element
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Solid Elements
Solid Tetrahedral 4 and 10 nodes Element
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Solid Elements
Solid Hexahedral 8 and 20 nodes Element
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Axisymmetric Elements
Axisymmetric tapered annulus 2 nodes
Axysymmetric Shell 2 Nodes
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Axisymmetric Elements
Axysymmetric Shell 3 Nodes
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General FEM Procedures
1. Discretize and Select the element types
2. Select displacement function
3. Define strain/displacement and stress/strain relationships
4. Derive the element stiffness matrix and equation
5. Assemble the element equations to obtain equations and
to introduce boundary conditions
6. Solve for unknown degrees of freedom
7. Solve for element strains and stresses
8. Interpret the results
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General FEM Procedures
(known elemental stiffness matrix)
1. Discretize and Select the element types
2. (was 2, 3, 4) Calculate each elemental stiffness matrix
3. Assemble the element equations to obtain equations and
to introduce boundary conditions
4. Solve for unknown degrees of freedom
5. Solve for element strains and stresses
6. Interpret the results
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General FEM Procedures
(FEM application software)
1. Meshing of the geometrical (CAD) data
2. Define material properties and assign to respective regions
3. Define load, boundary condition and assign to respective
nodes, elements or regions.
4. Define intended outputs
5. Run Finite Element Method Solver
6. Calling the outputs and interpret the results.
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General FEM Procedures
(Stage Activity of FEM application software)
1.Pre-processing
by using Pre-Processor
2.Solving
by employing Solver
3.Post-processing
by using Post-Processor
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