This document provides an introduction to biomedical nanotechnology and nanoparticles. It defines nanoparticles as materials with at least one dimension between 1-100 nm. The small size of nanoparticles allows them to enter small spaces and provides benefits like increased surface area and reactivity. Nanoparticles can be categorized based on their dimensions and are produced using either top-down methods like etching or bottom-up assembly. Properties of materials change at the nanoscale due to increased surface area effects and quantum confinement. Nanoparticles have been used historically without realizing it, and both natural and engineered nanoparticles exist.
This document provides an introduction to biomedical nanotechnology and nanoparticles. It defines nanoparticles as materials with at least one dimension between 1-100 nm. The small size of nanoparticles allows them to enter small spaces and provides benefits like increased surface area and reactivity. Nanoparticles can be categorized based on their dimensions and are produced using either top-down methods like etching or bottom-up assembly. Properties of materials change at the nanoscale due to increased surface area effects and quantum confinement. Nanoparticles have been used historically without realizing it, and both natural and engineered nanoparticles exist.
This document provides an introduction to biomedical nanotechnology and nanoparticles. It defines nanoparticles as materials with at least one dimension between 1-100 nm. The small size of nanoparticles allows them to enter small spaces and provides benefits like increased surface area and reactivity. Nanoparticles can be categorized based on their dimensions and are produced using either top-down methods like etching or bottom-up assembly. Properties of materials change at the nanoscale due to increased surface area effects and quantum confinement. Nanoparticles have been used historically without realizing it, and both natural and engineered nanoparticles exist.
This document provides an introduction to biomedical nanotechnology and nanoparticles. It defines nanoparticles as materials with at least one dimension between 1-100 nm. The small size of nanoparticles allows them to enter small spaces and provides benefits like increased surface area and reactivity. Nanoparticles can be categorized based on their dimensions and are produced using either top-down methods like etching or bottom-up assembly. Properties of materials change at the nanoscale due to increased surface area effects and quantum confinement. Nanoparticles have been used historically without realizing it, and both natural and engineered nanoparticles exist.
4 Nano- Simple example • The population of India is one billion or 100 crores. Each Indian – you or me is nano in comparison with the total population of India.
5 Nano- Simple example
• One rupee in 100 crore rupees
One rupee 6 Nanomaterials are divided into three category One dimension – It has only one parameter either length (or) breadth (or) height ( example: very thin surface coatings)
1 Dimension <100nm
nm
Example: Thin Films ,Layers and Coatings
7 Nanomaterials are divided into three category Two dimensions- it has only length and breadth (for example, nanowires and nanotubes)
2 Dimension <100nm nm nm
Example: Nanotubes , Nano fibers and Nanowires
8 Nanomaterials are divided into three category Three dimensions -it has all parameter of length, breadth and height. (for example, Nano Particles).
3 Dimension <100nm nm nm nm
Example: Nanoparticles, Nano shells, Nano rings etc.
9 Why small is good? Nano-objects are:
- Faster
- Lighter
- Can get into small spaces
- Cheaper
- More energy efficient
- Different properties at very small scale
Surface area increases as size decreases 10 Surface area-to-volume ratio
1mm 2 mm
2 mm 1mm Surface Area Surface area= Height x Width 24 48 (mm) x No. of sides x No. of cubes (2x2x6x1) (1x1x6x8)
Volume Volume=Height x Width 8 8
(mm) x Length x No. of cubes (2x2x2x1) (1x1x1x8)
Surface Surface area/Volume 3 6
Area/Volume (24:8) (48:8) ratio
11 Surface area-to-volume ratio • As surface to volume ratio increases
• A greater amount of a substance comes in contact with surrounding material
• This results in better
catalysts, since a greater proportion of the material is exposed for potential reaction
12 Nanomaterials properties • The properties of materials can be different at the Nanoscale for two main reasons:
• First, Nanomaterials have a relatively larger surface area when compared to the same mass of material produced in a larger form. • Nano particles can make materials more chemically reactive and affect their strength or electrical properties.
• Second, quantum effects can begin to dominate the behaviour of matter at the nanoscale. • A bulk material should have constant physical properties regardless of its size but at the nanoscale this is often not the case. • Size-dependent properties are observed such as quantum confinement in semiconductor particles, and superparamagnetism in magnetic materials, etc..
13 Origin of the properties
Conduction band
Valence band
14 Material properties vary with size of material
(Bulk) Gold is a shiny yellow metal
Gold (Au) nanoparticles appears red Bulk gold does not exhibit catalytic properties Au nanoparticle is an excellent low temperature catalyst
15 Nanoscale size effect • Manifestation of novel phenomena and properties, including changes in:
- Physical Properties (e.g. melting point)
- Chemical Properties (e.g. reactivity)
- Electrical Properties (e.g. conductivity)
- Mechanical Properties (e.g. strength)
- Optical Properties (e.g. light emission)
16 Nanotechnology is not new! Thousand years ago, Chinese used gold nanoparticles as an inorganic dye to introduce red color into ceramic porcelains.
In 1857, Faraday prepared
gold colloids that was stable for almost a century before being destroyed during World War II. 17 The Lycurgus cup The Lycurgus Cup is a 4th-century Roman glass cage cup made of a dichroic glass.
Red when light from behind and green when light from in front. (red in transmitted light and green in scattered light)
The dichroic effect is achieved by making the glass with
tiny proportions of nanoparticles of gold and silver "dispersed“ in colloidal form throughout the glass material.
22 How to make nanostructures? Top-down Approach Building something by starting with a larger component and carving away material (like a sculpture)
In nanotechnology: patterning (using photolithography) and etching away material, as in
building integrated circuits
Rock Statue 23 How to make nanostructures? Bottom-up Building something by assembling smaller components (like building a car engine), atom by atom assembly.
In nanotechnology: self-assembly of atoms and molecules, as in chemical and biological
25 Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Nanoscience – is the study of nano- materials, their properties and related phenomena.
Nanotechnology – is the application of
nanoscience to produce devices and products. http://www.androidauthority.com/quantum-dot-vs-oled-explained-659321/
26 Nanobiotechnology & Bionanotechnology
• Nanobiotechnology / Nanobiology: Nanomaterials/tools for biological applications
Bio imaging • Bionanotechnology: Understanding biological nanostructures and its potential applications DNA Nanotechnology
27 Applications of nanoparticles in medicine • Because of their small size, nanoscale devices can readily interact with biomolecules on both the surface of cells and inside of cells. • By gaining access to so many areas of the body, they have the potential to detect disease and the deliver treatment. http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticle.php?artid=24647
28 Targeted Drug Delivery Tissue Engineering Bio imaging
Biomedical Nanotechnology
3D Printed Bionic Ear
Artificial Cells DNA Nanotechnology
29 Nanorobots – Science fiction?
The robot in this illustration swims through the arteries and veins using a pair of tail appendages
33 Summary • Nanoparticle: 1-100 nm. • Nanomaterials dimension: 1D, 2D, 3D • Small is good • Material properties vary with size of material • Surface area-to-volume ratio • Top-down and bottom-up approach • Overview of biomedical nanotechnology
