Efs G8 Ab PDF

English for Syria
Intermediate
Activity Book
Julia Starr Keddle

Martyn Hobbs
8
‫م‬2020-2019
‫حقوق التوزيع في الجمهورية العربية السورية‬
‫محفوظة للمؤسسة العامة للطباعة‬
‫تدقيق ومواءمة كتب اللغة اإلنكليزية‬

‫سرور شلش‬ ‫نبال حنا‬
‫رشا بايزيد‬ ‫لينا الذياب‬
‫سمر الشيشكلي‬
322 Old Brompton Road,

London SW5 9JH,
England
Maktabat El Nashr El Tarbawi El Souri

(Syrian Educational Publishers)
Omar El Mukhtar 2nd Str., Bldg. 6

El Mazraa, Damascus-Syria
Phone: (011) 44676789
Fax: (011) 44676788
e-mail: info@syrianep.com
www.syrianep.com
New edition 2010

Reprinted 2016
© York Press 2008

All rights reserved; no part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the Publishers.
Contents
Welcome back! 4
Module 1 Social activities
Unit 1 10
Unit 2 14
Module 1 Progress test 18
Module 2 Places and records
Unit 3 22
Unit 4 26
Module 3 Experiences
Unit 5 34
Unit 6 38
Module 4 Keeping in touch
Unit 7 46
Unit 8 50
Module 5 Around the world
Unit 9 58
Unit 10 62
Module 6 Science and discovery
Unit 11 70
Unit 12 74
Self-assessment answer key 82
Learning logs 83
Irregular verbs 91
Welcome back! 4 a cup of coffee, please.
5 The weather is warm today. I
Language practice wear a jacket.
6 I stay at home. I was ill.
1 Choose the correct answer. 7 You look tired. you rest?
8 You follow the directions I gave
1 I always with household
you.
chores.
4 Find the mistake in each sentence then
a helped
rewrite the sentences correctly.
b am helping
c help 1 How much rooms does your house have?
2 Yesterday, I up very late. 2 The food is into the fridge.
3 We could travel this summer. Our flight is
a woke
b wake already booked.
c am waking 4 He does play any musical instruments?
5 Italian is an easy language. It should be
3 The weather sunny tomorrow.
hard for you to learn.
a is 6 You must forget to take all your camping
b will be
equipment with you.
c was
7 He is diving above the swimming pool.
4 I lunch with my family right 8 I have a fixed schedule. I sometimes work
now. from 9 to 5.
a am having 5 Circle the correct word or phrase.
b will have
c have 1 (Adventure / Historical) films have an
5 I to Italy next week. exciting story that is usually about
exploration.
a travelled
2 The (garage / attic) is a room under the roof
b is travelling
c am going to travel of a house.
3 (Swimming / Diving) is when you jump
2 Circle the correct answer. from a board into the water.
1 He (have got / has got) many cousins. 4 A (map / compass) is an instrument that
2 This is my brother’s tablet. It’s not (mine / shows you direction.
his). 5 You put (sun cream / insect repellent) on
3 (There is / There are) many activities we can your skin to protect it from burning.
do during the holidays. 6 A (theatre / museum) is a place that displays
4 (Some / Any) of these books sound artistic, cultural and scientific objects.
interesting. 7 (Astronomy / Agriculture) is the study of
5 You (must / mustn’t) always tidy your room. space.
6 It (won’t / will) rain today. You don’t need 8 A (cabin attendant / baggage handler) takes
your umbrella. care of the passengers on a plane.
3 Complete the sentences with the words 6 Reorder the letters to make words. Then
and phrases in the box. use the words in sentences.
1 gonereus:
had to How much should Do
I’d like Why don’t Can don’t have to
2 grdanthermo:
1 you like adventure films?
2 I help you? 3 hookspob:
3 does this laptop cost?
4
4 acepnsau: 8 a sweet smelling brown substance used for
giving a special taste to cakes
5 deyrboak:
Reading
6 cdouly:
9 Answer the following questions.
7 Cross the odd word or phrase out. 1 Where can you find the Yellowstone
National Park?
1 daughter, aunt, pilot, sister
2 What is a famous site in the Yellowstone
2 camera, batteries, smartphone, computer
National Park?
game
3 Why is the pool called Morning Glory?
3 dish, camping stove, fuel, matches
4 What was the original colour of the pool?
4 supermarket, gift shop, clothes shop,
What colour is it now?
hospital
5 What caused this change of colour?
5 departure lounge, office, boarding gates,
6 Match the following words with their
security check point
meanings.
6 climate, global warming, water, drought
1 hot spring a the remains of prehistoric
8 Solve the crossword puzzle. plants and animals
preserved in rocks
5s 2 vibrant b different
1e
4
6s 7s 8c 3 fossil c the part of an object that
is far from its centre
4 edge d place where hot water
comes up naturally from
the ground
5 unusual e bright and strong
7 How do you feel about the destruction of

this natural wonder?
2u 8 How do you think you can prevent people
from damaging natural places?
Answer Key
3n
1 in the states of Wyoming, Montana and
1 showing a lot of interest in something Idaho in the US
2 a type of clothing worn by some students 2 the morning Glory Pool
and people in certain jobs 3 because it looks like a flower called
3 a person who gives directions for the route morning glory
of a ship 4 The original colour was blue. Now the pool
4 someone who is from Egypt is green with yellow and orange edges.
5 when the weather has strong winds, heavy 5 trash and coins thrown by humans, which
rain and dark clouds caused bacteria to grow and create yellow
6 a soft material made by silkworms, used to and orange rings
make clothes 6 1d, 2e, 3a, 4c, 5 b
7 something you use to wash your hands and 7 Student’s answer
body 8 Student’s answer
5
Listening and speaking
10 Listen to this scientist talking about water environments. Then complete the table.
Freshwater environments can be found in rivers, ponds, and lakes. They are classified by different
aspects, including temperature, light penetration, nutrients and vegetation. They are also divided
into two classes; lentic ecosystems where water is still, like in a lake and lotic ecosystems where
water flows, like in a river. These environments are home to different types of fish, insects and
underwater plants. Many birds like ducks also live near freshwater sources. Some of the threats that
face this environment include pollution, dams and invasion by exotic species. Marine environments
are different because they contain salt water and are much bigger than freshwater environments.
They include the ocean where the largest mammals live. Coral reefs are another type of marine
environment. Although they only occupy 0.1% of the world’s ocean area, they are home to more
than 25% of all marine species. However, up to 70% of coral reefs are now endangered due to
global warming.
Name of environments Location Differences
Answer Key
Name of environments Location Characteristics
freshwater environment rivers, ponds, lakes - still and flowing water

- home to different types of fish,
insects, underwater plants and
birds
marine environment ocean - salty water

- bigger than freshwater
environments
- home to largest mammals
11 Which kind of water environment do you prefer? Can you name any types of fish that live in
it?
Yellowstone National Park is the oldest and one of the largest
national parks in the United States. It was selected as a World
Heritage Site in 1978. It is located in three states – Wyoming,
Montana and Idaho, in a region where volcanoes and
earthquakes have been active for millions of years. The park
has three mountain ranges, in addition to fossil forests, a black
volcanic glass mountain and some unusual formations. It is also
known for its beautiful lakes and rivers. Its largest body of water is
the Yellowstone Lake. It is also home to more than 1300 kinds of
6
plants and more than 60 types of mammals. One of its main attractions is the Morning Glory Pool,
which is a hot spring. It was named after the morning glory flower that it looks like. The pool was
known for its vibrant blue colour. But today, it has a different colour because of the trash and coins
humans have thrown inside it. The trash reduced the heat of the pool and caused bacteria to grow
on its edges, which created yellow and orange rings around the now green water.
12 Answer the following questions.
1 Where can you find the Yellowstone National Park?
2 What is a famous site in the Yellowstone National Park?
3 Why is the pool called Morning Glory?
4 What was the original colour of the pool? What colour is it now?
5 What caused this change of colour?
6 Watch the following words with their meanings.
1 hot spring a small living things that
can cause disease
2 vibrant b bright and strong
3 fossil c the part of an object that

is far from its centre
4 edge d a place where hot water
comes up naturally from
the ground
7 How do you feel about the destruction of this natural wonder?
8 How do you think you can prevent people from damaging natural places?
Answer Key
1 in the states of Wyoming, Montana and Idaho in the US
2 the morning Glory Pool
3 because it looks like a flower called morning glory
4 The original colour was blue. Now the pool is green with yellow and orange edges.
5 trash and coins thrown by humans, which caused bacteria to grow and create yellow and
orange rings
6 1d, 2 b, 3a, 4c
7 Student’s answer
8 Student’s answer
13 Match the sentences 1–10 with the sentences a–j so that they make sense.
1 I like watching adventure films.
2 I love playing computer games. What about you?
3 When is your doctor’s appointment?
4 How much time will your flight take?
5 Are you following my directions carefully?
6 I’m not sure what to order from the menu.
7 I think this shop is too expensive.
8 What’s your ideal job?
9 She is shy but very friendly.
10 What do you like to do in your free time?
a We need about three hours to get to our destination.
b It’s at 2 pm. I shouldn’t be late.
7
c I agree. She’s very nice and I enjoy her company.
d I agree. But their products have good quality.
e Me too, but I prefer comedy.
f I think you should ask the waiter what he recommends.
g I sometimes ride my bike. I also like reading.
h I like watching films on my DVD player.
i I’d like to work in the field of medicine, so maybe I’ll be a doctor or a nurse.
j Not really! Did you tell to take the first left or right?

14 Listen to this scientist talking about water environments. Then complete the table.
Freshwater environments can be found in rivers, ponds, and lakes. They are divided in two classes.
In the first, water is still, like in a lake. In the second, water flows, like in a river. These environments
are home to fish, insects and underwater plants. Many birds like ducks also live near freshwater
sources. Marine environments are different because they contain salt water and are much bigger
than freshwater environments. They include the ocean where the largest mammals live.
Name of environments Location Differences
Answer Key
Name of environments Location Characteristics
freshwater environment rivers, ponds, lakes - still and flowing water

- home to fish, insects and
underwater plants
- home to different birds
marine environment ocean - salty water

- bigger than freshwater
environments
- home to largest mammals
12 Which kind of water environment do you prefer? Can you name any types of fish that live in
it?
8
Writing
15 Read the following text and find three grammar mistakes and three spelling mistakes. Rewrite
the correct text below.
Today’s wether report says that it will be stormy tomorrow. It will rain heavily, especially on the cost.
There is warnings that this may cause floding. People should drive carefully. Any schools in the most
affected areas will close. Make sure to listen to the news to be informed. You must panic. Just make
sure you stay safe.
16 Write a paragraph in your notebook about yourself. Include the following information.
• your family
• your friends
• your free time
• your school life
• the celebrations you enjoy the most
• your plan for the following five years
9
1
Sporting life
Language practice 2 Write two sentences about each person.
Wissam plays football twice a week. Today
1 Match the descriptions of the sports with
he is doing football practice.
the pictures. Write the names of the sports.
1 You throw a long thin object as far as Favourite
How often Today
possible. activity
2 You run very fast for a short distance.
twice a football
Wissam football
week practice
3 You put long objects on your feet and you
go down snowy hills. at the
Lubna drawing a portrait
weekend
4 You play this game in a team and throw the
ball in a basket. every read a book
Maher chess
5 You use a machine with pedals. You push evening about chess
the pedals with your feet. a game with
once a
6 You have to jump very high. Hani tennis
week a friend
7 You put special shoes on your feet. on a a traditional

Maysa singing
They’ve got wheels. Monday song
8 You put special shoes on your feet. Then
you can move fast on ice. 3 Complete the dialogues with the present
C simple or the present continuous.
A
Ahmed: My uncle is really clever. He
(1) (speak) five languages.
B He’s a business man and (2)
D F (travel) a lot for his job.
Hassan: Is he away at the moment?
Ahmed: Yes, he (3) (work) in
E Dubai.
G Samer: (4) you
(go) to the sports club three times a week?
Omar: Yes, I do. This term I
H (5) (do) shot-put, discus
and long jump.
Help Box 4 OVER TO YOU Answer the questions
• To talk about routines and things you do about yourself in your notebook.
regularly: 1 What are you doing now?
I go running once a week. 2 What do you usually do on Saturdays?
• To talk about things that are happening at
the moment:
Hi, Mum. I’m sitting on the bus.
10
5 Complete the crossword. 7 Do you the computer for
more than an hour a day?
Across Down 8 Do you do aerobic
1 2 1 3 exercise?
9 Do you go ?
7 4 5 10 Do you reading or running?
6
7 Then answer it for yourself.

10 11 8 9
Help Box
1 • Use the -ing form of verbs to make nouns.

Swimming is good exercise.
• Use the infinitive after: It’s difficult /
easy / important ... and ... helps you ...
It’s difficult to throw the discus.
2 3
Studying helps you to pass exams.
4 5
8 Complete the advice with an -ing form

or an infinitive.
6
do warm up start walk keep play
7 8 1 Walking every day is very good for you.

9
2 It’s not difficult doing
more exercise.
3 sport with friends makes it
10 more fun.
4 It is important with 10
minutes’ walking before you start running.
11
5 Doing aerobic exercise regularly helps you
fit.
6 football is a good way to
6 Complete the quiz with these words. get exercise.
9 OVER TO YOU. Complete these sentences
use watch do prefer more for yourself.
stairs any eat walk swimming
1 It is important
Fitness test .
1 Do you often or run? 2 is good for you.
2 Do you take the instead of 3 It’s easy .
the lift? 4
3 Do you play a sport than can damage your health.
once a week? 5
4 Do you a lot of sweets? helps you to learn better.
5 Do you often stretching
10 OVER TO YOU. Write a paragraph in your
exercises?
notebook about the sport and exercise you
6 Do you TV more than two
do in a typical week.
hours a day?
11
Skills development
Reading
A symbol of friendship
The Olympic flame is the symbol of the Olympic Games and of friendship
between nations. Athletes and famous people take the flame from Ancient
Olympia in Greece to the city hosting the Opening Ceremony of the games.
But the torch doesn’t always travel with a runner. In 1948, it crossed the
English Channel by boat, and it first travelled by plane to Helsinki in 1952.
In 2000, scuba divers carried a special torch underwater in Australia. Other
forms of transport include a camel in Cairo, an elephant in Delhi and a
tram in Rio de Janeiro.
In 2004, the torch took a journey all round the world for the first time.
It lasted 78 days and covered a distance of more than 78,000 kilometres.
More than 3,600 people carried the torch. The torch visited all previous Olympic cities before
it returned to Athens for the Summer Olympics. It travelled to Africa and South America for the first
time, and about 260 million people saw the torch during its journey!
It is a great honour to be the final torch carrier. The carrier is kept secret until the day – it is
usually a sports celebrity from the host country. He or she runs towards the Olympic bowl and uses
the torch to light the Olympic flame. Sometimes the people who light the fire aren’t famous, but
they represent Olympic ideals. In Montreal in 1976, two teenagers, one from the French-speaking
part of the country and one from the English-speaking part, lit the fire. They symbolised the unity
of their country.
1 Read the article and find.
• five forms of transport 1 2 3 4 5

• six cities 1 2 3 4 5 6
• three continents 1 2 3
2 Read the article and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 Only Olympic athletes are allowed to carry the torch.
2 The torch first travelled by plane in 1948.
3 Scuba divers always carry the Olympic flame in Australia.
4 In 2004 the torch took a world trip for the first time.
5 The torch went to more than 10,000 cities.
6 Two hundred and sixty million people saw the torch in South America.
7 Athletes don’t want to be the final torch carriers.
8 Two Canadian teenagers lit the Olympic flame in 1976.
3 These are some of the cities the 2004 torch visited. Match them with their countries.
1 Montreal 6 Rome a Russia f the USA
2 New York 7 Moscow b Spain g Brazil
3 Paris 8 Madrid c Australia h Egypt
4 Rio de Janeiro 9 Tokyo d Italy i Canada
5 Cairo 10 Sydney e Japan j France
12
4 L isten to a psychologist talking about the importance of mental strength in sports. Then
answer the questions below.
1 Do you agree that competitive sports can be stressful? Give examples.
2 Can you think of a way for athletes to help them deal with stress and handle pressure?
5 Do you like playing sports for fun or do you prefer to compete in sports events? Why? Work in
groups and share your ideas.
Writing
6 Put these sentences in the best position in the composition below.

1 I feel that is true about exercise.
2 You have to move your body and jump around in front of the TV!
3 I also go skateboarding with my friends in the park.
4 Then I can go to the pool with my friends.
Sport and my life

My life would be very different without sport. I do it at school and in my free
time. I play football, do athletics and enjoy skateboarding. I do football practice twice a week
after school. I am quite good at sprinting and I train for the school athletics team.
Last year, I came first in a race and got a medal. It was a great achievement for
me. I can’t swim, so my next challenge is swimming lessons.
I like keeping fit and moving my body. I always take the stairs instead of the lift,
and I help my father do jobs. I’ve also got a really good video game.
I do sport because I enjoy it and it makes me feel good. It’s important to keep fit
and exercise your lungs, muscles and heart. Exercise is also good for your mind and helps
you in your studies. There is a saying: ‘Use it or lose it.’
7 Make notes for a composition called Sport and my life.
Paragraph 1: Describe the sports you do and how often you do them.
Paragraph 2: Talk about an achievement or something you would like to do.
Paragraph 3: Describe how you keep fit each day, e.g. run up the stairs, etc.
Paragraph 4: Talk about why you keep fit and why it is good for you.
8 Write out your composition.
Help Box
• Use the notes you made.
• Divide your work into paragraphs.
• Think about your reader: add interesting details about your life.
• Make your opening eye-catching: My life would be very different without sport.
• Conclude with a sentence that says something about what you think.
13
2
In the past
Language practice Help Box
• Use the past continuous for an action that
Help Box was in progress in the past for a period of
• Use the past simple to talk about completed time.
actions in the past. I was playing tennis yesterday morning (for
Yesterday I saw a good film. two hours).
1 Write what they did yesterday. Use the 4 Look at yesterday’s timetable and complete
past simple form of these verbs. the sentences.
not eat write give not win buy

come read take go watch
1 Amer and his sister watched TV.

2 My father the newspaper.
3 Sawsan and I pizzas.
4 The teacher us homework.
5 Firass an email.
6 Hind the race.
7 My friend and I some pens and
1 At 8.00 a.m. they were studying English.
pencils at the shop.
2 At 9.00 a.m. .
8 Munzer and his friends to school.
3 At Information
9 My aunt to our house.
Technology.
10 I some photos with my mum’s
4 At 1.00 p.m. .
new smartphone.
5 At History.
2 Write questions and answers. 6 At 9.30 a.m. .
1 What / you / do / yesterday? meet my uncle
What did you do yesterday? I met my uncle.
2 Where / they / go / last weekend? go to 5 OVER TO YOU. Think of some activities
Palmyra and times. Write three positive and three
negative sentences in your notebook about
3 What / your sister / buy / at the shopping what you were doing yesterday.
mall? buy a CD I wasn’t doing a sport at four o’clock
yesterday.
4 How / you / get / to the beach? go by bus I was eating my dinner at half past seven.
6 Where was your family yesterday at five

3 OVER TO YOU. Write five sentences o’clock? What were they doing?
about last week in your notebook.
1 My mother was in the kitchen. She was
I visited my grandmother on Tuesday talking on the phone.
evening.
14
Help Box 2 While Mazen (do) his
homework, the film (start).
• Use the past continuous for the action that 3 While Firass (surf) the Net,
was in progress. Use the past simple for the there (be) a power cut.
completed action. 4 While Mr Awad (drive)
Waleed was making tea when I called.
It was raining when I left for school. to work, he (have) an
• You can only use while with the past accident.
continuous. 5 While Mrs Haddad and her sister
While we were playing tennis I broke my (shop), they (meet) a friend.
racquet. 6 While Mazen (try) to sleep,
• You can only use when with the past simple. the alarm clock (go off).
I was walking home when I saw Dad’s car. 9 Complete the text. Use the past simple or
the past continuous.
7 Look at the pictures and write sentences.
Harry is visiting his
1 Ahmed / ride a horse / pen-friend Mazen in
fall off and break his arm Damascus, Syria.
Ahmed was riding a horse
when he fell off and
broke his arm.
2 Ibrahim / do Dear Mum and Dad,
I am having a great time with
his homework /
Mazen. Yesterday morning we (1)
father ask for help (play) computer games
when Mazen’s father (2)
(invite) us to see the mosaics. The
mosaics were beautiful. Some of them
3 Hussam / watch TV / are over 1,400 years old!
neighbours come round While we (3) (walk)
home, we (4) (stop) at
the market. One shopkeeper
(5) (stand) outside
4 the children / play in the his shop when we (6)
park / mother call them (go) past. He was the friend of
Mazen’s father and (7)
(offer) us tea. While Mazen and I (8)
(choose) presents, the
5 Mr Farah / walk down the grown-ups (9) (drink)
tea and (10) (talk).
corridor / hear the noisy
There (11) (be) so
students many lovely things, it was difficult
to choose. But I (12)
(buy) some souvenir stamps for you,
Dad. And a mosaic for you, Mum. Hop
6 Caroline / do her you like them!
housework / phone ring Love,
Harry
8 Complete the sentences.

1 While I was reading (read) a book, the
phone rang (ring).
15
Skills development
Reading
1 Match the headlines with the stories.
Four litres of milk for £500 Traffic fine for policemen

Family photos caught thief Firefighters using a snake
1 In San Francisco a thief 3 In the Ukraine firemen

broke into the house of were putting out a fire at
an old man and his wife. a health club. One
They were sleeping when firefighter saw a
they heard a noise. The hosepipe and picked it
man went to see what it up. But he got a nasty
was and found a thief in surprise! It was a very
the living room. But the long snake, a python. The
couple weren’t worried. firefighters were very
The old lady made the thief a cup of tea and some scared but the owner of the club was delighted.
food. While he was eating, she showed him their The python belonged to him and he was glad that it
family photos. And her husband secretly called the survived the fire.
police.
4 A man was having a cup of coffee in Dublin,
2 In Germany two policemen were organising a Ireland, when a stranger offered to sell him a laptop
speed trap on a busy computer He paid £500
road. While they were and the stranger gave him
doing this, a traffic a laptop bag. He took the
policeman saw their car. bag home and found four
It was parked on double litres of milk inside
yellow lines. So he made instead of a computer. He
them pay a parking fine. was very upset.
He said, ’Traffic
regulations are the same
for everyone.’
2 Find these words and match them with their definitions.

a thief 1 Water comes out of this tube. You use it to water gardens or
put out fires.
b speed trap 2 A person who steals possessions or money.
c fine 3 Take something from the ground with your hands.
d health club 4 When the police wait for people driving too fast.
e hosepipe 5 A sum of money you have to pay if you break the law.
f pick up 6 A place where people go to keep fit.
3 Read the stories and answer the questions.
1 What were the couple doing when they heard a noise?
2 What were the policemen doing when they got a fine?
3 What was the firefighter doing when he picked up the python?
4 What was the man doing when the stranger sold him a laptop?
4 OVER TO YOU. What do you think? Answer the questions.
1 Which story is the funniest? 3 Which situation is the scariest?
2 Which person is the most stupid? 4 Which story has the best ending?
16
5 L isten to this reporter telling an interesting story about a young girl. Then answer the
questions below.
1 What did the young girl discover? How old was it?
2 Why did the experts ask the young girl not to tell anyone about the sword?
6 Do you know any surprising or unusual stories that happened to you or someone you know?
Work in pairs and share them with your partner.
Writing
7 Write a story about a day in your life.
• The day we got some good news

• The day my favourite team won
• The day my brother / sister / aunt / uncle won an award
• The day I broke my leg / my arm
Help Box
• Make notes about the information that will make your story interesting:
1 when it happened
2 where you were
3 what you were doing
4 what other people did
5 how you or your friends and family felt: happy worried delighted excited
upset scared a terrible pain
6 something strange or unusual you remember
• Start the story with:
I will never forget the day ...
• End with a sentence that sums up the experience.
8 First study the information (1–6) in the Help box above. Then find this information in the story
below. Underline each piece of information and put the correct number by it.
I will never forget the day I broke my arm. It was a beautiful day last
September (1) and I was at the swimming pool with my friends. They were swimming
in the pool and I decided to dive in.
Unfortunately, I was too close to the edge of the pool and my arm hit the side. I
felt a terrible pain in my arm but I didn’t realise how badly hurt I was. I tried to swim
and couldn’t move my arm. I was scared and the life guard helped me out. All my
friends were very worried about me.
An ambulance took me to the hospital and my family came to see me. Then the
doctor did an X-ray and put my arm in plaster. The X-ray was strange because I
could see my bones! Having a broken arm wasn’t too bad though – I could still go to
school and see my friends.
17
Module 1 Progress test
Reading
Watersports
There are different kinds of watersports ranging from swimming to sailing round the world in a yacht.
Canoeing is a very popular sport and is easy to learn. Safety is important and you always wear a life
jacket and a helmet in a canoe. You can canoe slowly on calm rivers and lakes, or go very fast down rivers in
mountain areas.
In surfing you ride on a surfboard. You stand on the surfboard and the waves carry you to the beach. At
first you fall off the board a lot, but when you learn the skills it is very exciting.
Sailing is fun, and the most popular sailing boats are very small and fast. These boats only have one
room for one or two people. Some sailing boats are very big and expensive. They take part in long races
around the world. They are very fast and need about 14 people to sail them. It is important to wear a life
jacket while sailing.
Jet-skiing is very exciting, but it takes a long time to learn the skills. It is easy to fall off, as it jumps up
and down on the water. It is a high-speed sport and you need to wear special clothes, gloves, shoes, and a
helmet to do it.
You don’t have to be a good swimmer to scuba-dive, but you do have to train. Scuba-diving isn’t very
dangerous, but when you go into the sea you should always dive with other people. You wear a mask and a
special suit, and you carry oxygen. People scuba-dive to see fish and plants under water.
1 Read the article and complete the table.
Sport Equipment and clothes
Canoeing life jacket,
surfboard
Sailing
special clothes,
Jet-skiing
,
Scuba-diving , , oxygen
2 Read the article again and write the sport.

1 uses a boat
2 easy to learn
3 goes under the water
4 rides on waves on the sea
5 happens on rivers
18
Language practice
1 Write questions and answers. Use the present simple or the present continuous.
What are you doing now?

I’m doing this test.
1 you this test with a pen or a pencil now? (write)
2 What you at the moment? (wear)
3 What time you usually ? (get up)
4 you this test with a friend? (do)
5 you ice-cream? (like)
2 Complete the text. Use the past simple or the past continuous.
It (1) (be) the summer holidays. My dad is an architect and he

(2) (work) in Tripoli. Mum and I (3) (stay) with friends of
the family in Jbail. We often go there. I (4) (be) very happy to be by the sea.
One morning, I (5) (write) emails to my friends. Suddenly, my friend Ahmed
(6) (call). He (7) (invite) me to go to the beach with him
and his family. It was a lovely day and the sun (8) (shine) so I said yes. We
(9) (walk) through the old town to the beach. We (10)
(have) a fantastic day at the seaside.
3 Write the -ing form or the infinitive.

1 fruit and vegetables helps you keep healthy. (eat)
2 It’s easy enough exercise. (get)
3 to your friends with a mobile phone is fun. (talk)
4 It’s important your books tidy. (keep)
5 too many soft drinks is bad for you. (drink)
6 the Net can be a good way to get information. (surf)
4 Complete the text. Use the present simple or the present continuous.
Hadeel’s mother (1) (work) in a bank. She (2) (like) her work. She
(3) (go) to work every day at eight o’clock. At the moment, she (4)
(talk) to a customer. Hadeel’s father (5) (work) at the same bank, but today he
(6) (fly) to New York for a meeting. At the moment he (7) (read)
documents on the plane to prepare for the meeting.
Hadeel’s sister is a university student. Usually on a Tuesday, she (8) (attend) classes
but she (9) (not study) at the university today. She (10) (prepare) for an
exam at home.
Hadeel is at school today. Now she (11) (have) a break before her next lesson. She
(12) (read) a book.
19
5 Complete these sentences with the past simple form of these verbs.
hear drink win find go invite
1 We to Paris last year.

2 I some money in the street.
3 My friend a prize.
4 Rashed me to his party.
5 They orange juice.
6 My mother some interesting news.
6 Rearrange the words to make questions.
1 o’clock Were having you dinner your at six ?
2 shining the yesterday Was sun ?
3 o’clock were doing you eight at night last What ?
4 saying you were to teacher What the ?
5 you yesterday Were jeans wearing ?
6 in watching Why were TV you morning the ?
7 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or the past continuous.
1 While Amer (work), his brother (go) to the shops.
2 Mrs Al Halabi (sleep) when the thief (break) the
window.
3 While they (watch) TV, the police (knock) at their
door.
4 Luckily we (not play) chess when my baby sister
(fall) on the chess board!
5 You (not eat) dinner when I (call) you on my mobile.
6 While they (ride) their bikes, the accident (happen).

1 Listen to a historian talking about sports in Ancient Egypt. Then complete the table.
Name of sport Differences from today
2 What kind of active games did you play as a child? Do you know of any old ones that your
parents used to play when they were children?
20
Writing
1 Read the following text and find four grammar mistakes and four spelling mistakes. Rewrite
There are different types of exersice and sport that make specific body parts stronger. You needed to
choose one that suits your needs. For example, cycling was good for the heart. It is also using all the
major musles in your body. If you live in the mountains where you have a snowy winter, you can
go snowbording or skying. Both activities were being fun and can help improve your balance and
flexibility.
2 Write an email to your pen-friend. Tell him or her what you did yesterday.
Include information about:
• the time • sport or activities you did

• some everyday things you did • things your family did
• any special events • what you liked best
21
3
Amazing world
Language practice Steven Edward Jack Thomas
Age 11 12 13 10
1 Write the university subjects.
Weight 45 kg 51 kg 56 kg 40 kg
1 The study of the languages people in Height 1.54 m 1.57 m 1.63 m 1.52 m
other countries speak. f oreign l anguages
2 The study of events in the past. 2 Compare the people in the table above.
h Use old, young, short, tall, heavy, light.
3 The study of physics, chemistry or biology.
1 Steven is younger than Jack. (age)
s
4 The study of numbers, quantities and 2 Edward is than
Thomas. (weight)
shapes. m
5 The science of treating illness. 3 Jack is than Edward.
(age)
m
6 The study of designing and making 4 Edward is than Jack.
(height)
buildings. a
7 The study of novels, plays and poetry. 5 Thomas is than Steven.
(weight)
l
8 The study of the past, by looking at things 3 Compare these things.
we find in the ground. a 1 Lions / cats (dangerous)
9 The study of buying and selling, and Lions are more dangerous than cats.
economics. b 2 a Mercedes car / a Mini car (big)
10 The study of computers.
c s 3 giraffes / elephants (tall)
Help Box
4 text messages / emails (short)
• One-syllable adjectives:
warm + er = warmer
5 August / December (hot)
• Two-syllable adjectives ending in -ow
and -er:
6 a computer / a mobile phone (expensive)
clever + er = cleverer
• Adjectives ending in -le:
gentle + r = gentler 4 Study the table and write sentences in
• Adjectives ending in consonant + -y: your notebook.
happy + -ier = happier
Fadia Ruba
• Two-syllable adjectives or more:
plays tennis ✓✓✓ ✓
more + helpful = more helpful
uses a computer ✓ ✓✓✓
more + interesting = more interesting
• Irregular adjectives: speaks English ✓✓✓ ✓✓
good = better bad = worse draws ✓✓ ✓✓✓
far = further / farther cooks ✓ ✓✓✓
Fadia is better at playing tennis than Ruba
22
5 Complete these sentences with a suitable 7 Complete each sentence to mean the same
animal. as the one above it.
sharks giraffes bears kangaroos 1 Saudi Arabia is bigger than Egypt. (big)

rhinoceroses Egypt isn’t as big as Saudi Arabia.
2 My computer is fast. Your computer is fast.
1 are dangerous fish. (fast)
Some of them attack humans. My computer is as fast as your computer.
1 live in Australia and 3 Aeroplanes go faster than trains. (fast)
carry their babies in a pocket. Trains don’t go
2 have a horn in the 4 Ali plays tennis better than Omar. (well)
middle of their head. They are very rare. Omar doesn’t play tennis
3 have very long necks. .
They eat leaves. 5 We’re both very hungry. (hungry)
4 are dangerous animals I’m you.
that often live in forests. 6 My watch is new. Your watch is older. (old)
Help Box My watch isn’t yours.
7 Both stories were interesting. (interesting)
• Use and between ‘hundreds’and ‘tens’
The first story was
and at the end of large numbers:
the second one.
834 Eight hundred and thirty-four
300,489 Three hundred thousand, four 8 Compare the things. Use (not) as... as....
hundred and eighty-nine strong long big comfortable
500,070 Five hundred thousand and
1 The white chair is
seventy not as comfortable
as the black sofa.
6 Write numbers or words.
1 40,768 2 The painting of the
camel is
2 Five thousand, three hundred and sixty- one the
painting of the horse.
3 7,000,000
4 Ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred and 3 Andrew is
thirteen
5 60,057 Paul.
6 Four hundred and twenty-five
7 8,678,930 4 Adventure in
the Desert is
Help Box
Danger
• Use as... as... to say two things are the in the Jungle.
same.
Today is as hot as yesterday.
• Use not as... as... to say two things are
9 OVER TO YOU. Compare these things.
different.
Write two sentences for each in your
London is not as big as Mexico City.
notebook.
• Use as me / as him / as her.
She’s as intelligent as him. NOT as he 1 books / magazines 2 maths / music
3 the radio / the TV 4 pizzas / kebabs
23
Skills development
Reading
The World’s Weather

Different types of climate depend on the position of regions on the Earth. You find warm
climates near the Equator and cold climates near the poles.
The Earth’s movement
During the year the Earth goes round the sun. Because the Earth is tilted, the amount of sunlight it receives
changes as it moves (see picture 1). This gives us the four seasons of the year. Regions that do not face the
experience winter while regions facing the sun experience summer (see picture 2). For example, in December it is
summer in Argentina (southern hemisphere) and winter in Canada (northern hemisphere). In the Arctic summer,
the days are very long because the
North Pole is angled towards the sun. In 1 N
Sweden, summer nights only last three
hours!
Rain and snow
Southern S
Rain comes from the sea. As the Sarthern
sun heats the ocean, some of the Hemisphere Hemisphere
sea water evaporates. It rises and the
vapour becomes clouds. As it cools, it the Arctic
turns into water and falls as rain. When
it is very cold, the water in the clouds 2 summer in the southern
turns into ice. The ice becomes snow
hemisphere and
flakes which fall as snow. They are very
winter in the northern
beautiful, and each one is different.
hemisphere
Storms
Sometimes, weather behaves
in extreme ways. Thunderstorms are summer in the northern
electrical storms which produce thunder hemisphere and
and lightning. Hurricanes are tropical winter in the southern
storms that develop in the ocean. They hemisphere
go round in circles and travel very fast.
They can destroy buildings and cause floods.
1 Read the article and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 There are seasons because the Earth is tilted.
2 The days are short in an Arctic summer.
3 Rain falls when the sun is close to the Earth’s poles.
4 When the water in clouds becomes cold, ice forms.
5 Hurricanes can be very dangerous.
2 Match the beginnings and ends of sentences.
1 There are cold climates a and water vapour rises.
2 You get summer in regions b is different.
3 The sun heats the sea c in a storm.
4 Every snow flake d near the poles.
5 You often get thunder and lightning e facing the sun.
24
3 L isten to a scientist explaining what a mirage is and how it forms. Then answer the
questions below.
1 Does light always travel with the same speed? What affects its speed?
2 When can we see a mirage?
4 Have you ever seen an interesting weather event (a dust storm, a thunderstorm, a rainbow, a
mirage, etc.)? Work in pairs describing the event.
Writing
Canada Syria
Population
Currency
Size
Capital city
Other big city
Climate
Leisure activities
Main industries
- t akes five to six days to cross by train
Interesting facts - two parts, one English-speaking and one French-speaking
- trees cover 35% of Canada
5 Read the email and complete the table.
Dear Wissam,
I am writing to tell you about my country. Canada is a big country with a
population of about 40 million people. It takes five to six days to travel
across it by train! In fact, the only country that is bigger than Canada is
Russia. Canada is very beautiful.
There are two parts to Canada - one is French-speaking and one is English-
speaking. There are about 7 million people in the French region. The capital
of Canada is Ottawa and another large city is Montreal. The currency is the
Canadian dollar.
The climate in Canada is very cold in the winter. In fact there are very
large areas without people because it is too cold.
People enjoy outdoor activities here. There are lots of forests, mountains and
lakes and we go out walking, sailing, canoeing and camping.
Trees cover 35% of my country and we make a lot of wood products and paper.
We also grow a lot of wheat (you make bread from it). There are a lot of other
industries in my country - we make cars and machines.
I hope you enjoyed reading about my country. Write soon and tell me about
yours. Is it similar to Canada or different?
Best wishes,
Help
Barry
• Use
6 Write an email about Syria in your notebook. First complete the table above with information. • Mak
Then write your email to Barry
25
4
World records
• One-syllable adjectives:
1 What countries are being described? warm + est = the warmest
Choose from: • Two-syllable adjectives ending in
-ow and -er:
India Syria China Egypt Finland
Russia Australia Mexico Bangladesh clever + est = the cleverest
• Adjectives ending in -le:
gentle + st = gentlest
1 It is close to India. Its capital is Dhaka.
• Adjectives ending in consonant + -y:
Commonly spoken languages are Banga
happy + iest = the happiest
and English.
• Two-syllable adjectives or more:
2 It is a huge country with a population of
most + helpful = the most helpful
over 1.3 billion. Its capital is New Delhi.
most + interesting = the most interesting
Commonly spoken languages are Hindi
• Irregular adjectives:
and English. good = the best bad = the worst
3 It is an Arab country, south of Turkey. Its far = the furthest / farthest
population is over 18 million. Its capital
is Damascus. Its currency is the Syrian
Lira. Its commonly spoken language is 2 Complete the Factfile with the superlative
Arabic. form of the adjectives or the most.
4 It is a huge country. It has a population
long large old fast deep expensive
of over 1.4 billion. Its capital is Beijing.
World Records!
5 It is the only country that is also a
1 Egypt has 1,500km of the Nile, the
continent. It is between the Pacific and
longest river in the world.
Indian Oceans. Its main language is
2 China has man-made
English.
structure in the world – the Great Wall. It
6 It is in Northern Europe between
is 460 km long! China is also
Sweden and Russia. Commonly spoken
populated country in the world.
languages are Finnish and Swedish.
3 Australia has one of
landscapes in the world, created over
7 It is in North Eastern Africa. It has a
millions of years.
population of about 100 million. Its
4 People in Finland drink
capital is Cairo. Its commonly spoken
coffee in the world.
language is Arabic.
5 Mexico has -growing capital
8 Its capital is Moscow. It has a population
city in the world.
of about 150 million. Its currency is the
6 Russia is country, and Lake
ruble.
Baikal in Russia is lake.
9 It is south of the United States. It has
7 Tokyo is capital city in the
a population of over 100 million. Its
world. It costs more to live there than
capital has a population of about 25
any other city.
million!
26
3 Write the shape of the objects. Choose from:
square triangular diamond-shaped rectangular round pointed
rectangular
Help Box
• Adjectives have a special order. Look at the table.
Qualities
Opinion Size (colour, age, Origin Material Noun
shape, etc.)
beautiful old hills
important cultural crossroads
narrow gorge
large blue square room
huge Nabatean theatre
Greek sculptures
fantastic decorated sandstone tombs
• We don’t usually use more than two adjectives.
A friendly old man.
4 Decide if the descriptions are correct or incorrect. Then correct the wrong ones.
1 A French new car ✗ A new French car
2 A difficult English sentence
3 A green tall tree
4 A Chinese narrow street
5 Her lovely red coat
6 A cultural important building
7 A beautiful decorated box
8 An ancient wonderful tomb
9 My German clever friend
10 My favourite illustrated book
27
Skills development
Reading
Ocean facts
Did you know that two thirds of the world’s
surface is covered by oceans and seas? Did you
also know that 97% of the Earth’s water is in the
sea?
The world has four oceans: the Pacific, the

Atlantic, the Indian and the Arctic. The Pacific
covers nearly half our planet and is the largest
and deepest ocean. There are mountains under
The water in the sea
the ocean just like on the land. And these are
is not like tap water - it is like a salty soup full of
bigger than the mountains that you find on land.
millions of tiny animals. It gives food to many of
In fact, the world’s longest mountain range is
the animals that live in the sea. There are over
under the sea. It goes around the middle of the
30,000 different types of fish. The biggest fish
Earth.
are sharks - they eat other fish. The world’s
The sea level rises and falls twice a day along biggest warm- blooded animals also live in the
the world’s coasts. These changes in level are sea. You have probably seen photos and films of
called tides. The moon’s gravity causes the tides whales and heard their strange songs.
to happen. Sometimes, there are very big waves
When you go down 100 metres under the sea
called tidal waves, or tsunamis.
surface it is very cold, and if you go down 900
They are the most powerful waves in metres it is black. Scientists are still discovering
the world. There was a terrible tsunami in the strange animals living in this dark world.
December 2004. It killed thousands of people.
1 Read the article and answer the questions.

1 How many oceans are there in the world?
2 Which is the biggest ocean?
3 Where do you find the world’s longest mountain range?
4 What makes tides happen?
5 What can you find in sea water?
6 Which are the biggest fish? And the biggest warm-blooded animal?
7 What is special about the sea if you go below 900 metres?
2 Match the words and the definitions.
a the regular changes in the level of the sea
1 surface
b with blood that stays at the same temperature
2 gravity
c where the sea meets the land
3 tides
d the outside part of something
4 coast
e the natural force that makes something fall
5 warm-blooded
to the ground
28
3 L isten to this conversation between two friends. Then complete the gaps in the following
sentences with one word.
1 Salar de Uyuni is located in .
2 The clouds are only a of the sky on the water.
3 3 This piece of land is covered in .
4 4 When it rains, the clear water makes it look like a .
4 Have you ever seen a picture or heard of a wonderful place that made you want to visit it?
Work in pairs, talking about what made it look or sound so special.
Writing
5 Read the composition and complete the table. Write notes.
Name The Great Umayyad Mosque

Where it is
Who built it
What you can see
When you visited it last year
An important place to visit is the Great Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria. It is one
of the most important mosques in the world. It is a very old building and an important holy
place for all people. Caliph Walid built it during the Umayyad era, 601-750 CE. Nur Ed-Din
rebuilt it in 1169 after a disastrous fire.
I was impressed by the size of the mosque and the wonderful ancient things I saw.
The architecture of the mosque is magnificent. There are three beautiful minarets, decorated
domes, magnificent old mosaics and a fifteenth-century wooden minbar. People also come to
visit the tomb of Saint John the Baptist, also known as prophet Yahya.
I visited the Great Umayyad Mosque last year with my family. I will never forget it.
6 Create an adjective table, like the one on page 21, in your notebook. Complete the table with
the underlined phrases.
7 Now plan and write about a building, museum or archaeological site you know.
Help Box
• Make notes about: where it is, who built it, what you can see, and when you visited it.
• Think about some of the things to see. How can you describe them? For some of them use more
than one adjective.
29
Reading
Mountains
A mountain is an area of land over 600m high. Mountains are millions of years
old. The biggest mountain ranges in the world are the European Alps, the Andes in
South America, the Rockies in North America, and the Himalayas in Asia.
Different animals and plants live in different parts of a mountain. It is extremely

cold and windy at the top of mountains and there is a lot of ice and snow. Also, there
isn’t much oxygen so no plants can grow there. Only a few insects can live in these
conditions.
In the middle zone of a mountain, a lot of evergreen trees grow. They are called
evergreen because they keep their leaves all year round. The conditions get easier
there and more types of wild animals can survive, such as deer, wolves, hawks, bears,
birds and wild cats.
At the bottom of mountains, it is not so cold. Since the climate is not as extreme,
many animals and plants live there, including trees which lose their leaves in winter.
People also build towns and villages here.
Mountains can be very difficult and dangerous to cross and climb because of the
snow and ice. Mount Everest in the Himalayas is the highest mountain in the world at
8,850m high. Edmund Hilary and his guide Tenzing Norgay were the first people to
reach the top in 1953.
There is a lot of human activity on mountains. Tourists visit mountains for the
beautiful scenery and skiing, farmers look after their animals, people grow trees for
wood, and governments collect water for towns and cities.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.

1 How high is the smallest mountain?
2 Why don’t plants grow at the top of mountains?
3 What lives at the top of mountains?
4 Where do people live?
5 What is the highest mountain in the world?
6 Who were the first people to climb it?
7 What sort of activities do people do in mountains?
2 Find the following numbers and dates.
1 the age of mountains
2 the height of Everest
3 when people first climbed Everest
30
Language practice
1 Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjective and than.
1 I think that science is geography. (interesting)
2 Your computer is my computer. (good)
3 This question is the last one. (easy)
4 Andrew is Peter. (young)
5 My dad’s new car is his old one. (safe)
6 Your camera is mine. (expensive)
7 The museum is the town hall. (old)
8 This cake is that one. (delicious)
9 English is Latin. (useful)
10 The train is the bus. (quick)
2 Write the words in the correct order.

1 an It old was book interesting
2 found blue I small a stone
3 many has theatres decorated Syria large
4 minister an The cultural attended event important
5 a ancient beautiful He discovered building
6 scarf bought a She cotton pretty
3 Write the numbers in words.

1 13,406
2 158,000
3 10,941,000
4 805,404
5 53,530
6 185,210
7 65,000,000
8 2,000,085
31
4 Complete the dialogues with the superlative form of the adjectives.
1 A: Why do you come to school by bus?
B: It’s (fast) way.
2 A: It’s hotter today than yesterday.
B: Yes, today is (hot) day of the year.
3 A: Why did you buy that computer?
B: Because it was (powerful) one in the shop.
4 A: Which painting do you prefer?
B: That one. It’s got (good) colours.
5 A: What’s (beautiful) city in the world?
B: I think it’s Paris.
6 A: How is your new computer game?
B: It’s great. But it’s (complicated) game I have.
7 A: What was (difficult) question in the test?
B: I think it was the True-False exercise.
8 A: This notebook only cost 10p.
B: Yes, it’s (cheap) one I found in the market.
5 Complete the text with as ... as ... or the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.
My brother Munzer and I are twins. In some ways we’re similar but in others we’re different. I’m
not (1) (tall) Munzer but I’m (2) (thin) than him.
It’s strange – he’s (3) (muscular) but I’m (4) (fit). I
suppose it’s because I do more exercise. When we go swimming together I can swim
(5) (fast) than him, but I’m not (6) (good) him
at diving. He can dive from the high board.
I’m (7) (intelligent) him, but each is intelligent in different ways. I usually
get better grades, but I’m not (8) (artistic) Munzer. He’s very good at drawing
and painting. He’s the best in the class at writing stories, too. But Munzer is not
(9) (scientific) me. And he can’t play computer games. I’m much
(10) (good) than him in this field.

1 L isten to this tourist talking about Peru’s Rainbow Mountain. Then complete the gaps in
the text below with one or two words.
The Vinicunca Mountain in Peru is also called the (1) Mountain. If you go
there, you will understand why it’s considered as one of the (2) mountains in
the world. Last summer, I went there on a hike. The guide explained that (3)
comes from a different mineral in the ground. It’s amazing how nature can create such
(4) Unfortunately, I recently learned that, because many
(5) come hiking here every year, the landscape is getting damaged. But
special trails are being built to keep it (6) and untouched as possible.
2 Are there any famous natural landscapes in your country? Work in pairs, describing one of
them.
32
Writing
In our sience class, we learned about animals in Africa. Africa is home to many unique various
animals and some of them cannot be found on other continents. One of them is the jiraffe, which is
the taller animal in the world. The elefant is another African animal that can also be found in Asia.
But the African ones have biggest ears than the Asian ones. There are two types of rinoceros in
Africa – white and black. But the black ones aren’t big as the white ones.
2 Write about five things in your town. Write a second sentence to add more information.
Example
The largest shop in my town is the department store in the shopping mall. My favourite department is
the computer department because I love computers.
My town
The largest shop in my town
The smallest shop
The oldest building
The newest building
The tallest building
The most beautiful place
The most expensive restaurant
The most interesting museum, monument or statue
33
5
Life events
Language practice 6 You lots of photos.
(take)
Help Box 7 Maya a book by an
English author. (read)
• Past participles of regular verbs:
play + ed = played 8 Anas to Europe. (go)
• It is useful to learn the past simple and the 9 I that song. (hear)
past participles of irregular verbs together:
fly flew flown make made made 3 Complete the sentences with the correct
take took taken present perfect form of these verbs:
• Use the present perfect to talk about
experiences when you don’t say exactly go (x2) see fly visit sleep give speak
when:
I have visited Europe.
I haven’t visited Europe. 1 Salah has slept in a tent. ✓
Have you visited Europe? 2 We the museum in our town. ✓
• Be careful with the verb go. It has two past 3 They to a famous person. ✓
participles: been and gone. 4 She to Spain. ✗
• been: I’ve been to France. 5 Simon and Tom in an aeroplane. ✗
NOT I’ve gone to France. 6 I money to charity. ✗
• gone: H e’s gone to the supermarket. 7 I to Disneyland. ✓
(he hasn’t come back, he’s still there) 8 You sunset over the ruins of
Palmyra. ✓
1 Underline the correct verb form. 4 OVER TO YOU. Write question and
personal answers.
1 I have / has written a poem.
2 They has / have visited a science museum. 1 dive from a board?
3 We has / have taken a yoga class. Have you ever dived from
a board?
4 Jonathan has / have eaten octopus.
Yes, I have.
5 You has / have seen a film in English.
6 He has / have cooked dinner. 2 go on a roller coaster?
2 Complete the sentences with positive

forms of the present perfect.
1 Hind a cake. (make) 3 eat snails?
2 Firas a novel. (write)
3 We a famous
footballer. (meet)
4 The Mahmoud family 4 have an injection?
in many different restaurants. (eat)
5 Omar his book. (find)
34
Help Box 6 Complete the dialogues. Use short answers
• Start a conversation with a question in the and the present perfect or the past simple
present perfect. Then continue with the forms of the verbs.
past simple.
1
A: Have you ever seen the Pyramids?
A: H
ave you ever been (go)
B: Yes, I have. I was on holiday with my to a theme park?
family.
B: Yes, I have. It was (be)
• Tell someone about your experiences. Start fantastic.
with the present perfect and then continue A: When you (go)?
with the past simple.
B: I (go) two months ago when I
A: I’ve ridden a horse. It was last year (be) on holiday.
when I went to a summer camp.
A: What you (do)?
B: I (go) on the Big Dipper. It
5 OVER TO YOU. Look at the pictures and (be) exciting!
write sentences about you.
2
1 I’ve slept in a tent. It A: you ever
was two years ago on a (have) an
school trip. accident?
B: Yes, I I (have) a
car accident last year.
2 A: How terrible! What (happen)?
B: I (be) in a taxi and a bus
(hit) us.
A: (be) everyone OK?
B: Yes, they , but it
3 (be) a bit frightening.
3
A: your
brother ever
4 (go) abroad?
B: Yes, he . He (go)
to France last summer.
A: Why he (go) to
France?
5 B: He (go) to Paris with the
school orchestra.
A: he (enjoy)
himself?
6 B: Yes, he . And he
(like) Paris very much.
A: What (be) the best thing?
B: He (go) to the top of the Eiffel
Tower. He (take) some nice
7 photos.
7 OVER TO YOU. Invent a dialogue like the

ones in exercise 6 and write it in your
notebook.
35
Skills development
Reading
World pen-friends
My name’s Waleed and I’m from Syria. We’ve lived in our apartment in Damascus for three
years. Before that we lived in Tartous. I haven’t travelled much but I’ve been to Turkey to visit relatives.
I’ve also visited the historical sites in Syria and I’ve been to Lattakia. I would like to have new friends
from all over the world. My hobbies are playing computer games, video games and football. I speak
English and Arabic.
Hello, I’m Akira and I live in Japan. My family have lived here for ten years. I actually come from the USA.
We’ve lived in the same house for ten years. I love it here. I’ve known my best friend for four years – we met
at school. My hobbies are painting and drawing. I like learning languages, and I speak Japanese, English and
Arabic. It’s great to have a friend from a different country.
Hi! I’m Ahmed. I’m from the United Arab Emirates. At the moment we’re living there, but we’ve
also lived abroad. We’ve travelled a lot because my father is an engineer, and he has worked in different
countries. So we’ve lived in Australia and the USA. I’ve been to three different schools. I’ve enjoyed all
these different places, but I prefer being here. I speak Arabic, French, English and Spanish. My hobbies
are music and photography. I love meeting new people.
Hello! My name’s Eshana. I’m from England. I live in London with my family. They are originally from India.
I love living in London – you meet people from all over the world. For example, my best friend’s family is from
Morocco. Her name is Rita and I’ve known her since I was five years old. We both enjoy sports and music. I’ve
never been abroad but next year we’re going to India to see my relatives. I speak Hindi, a little Arabic and English.
I’m waiting for your email!
1 Read about the pen-friends and complete the table.
comes from lives in other countries hobbies other facts

visited
Waleed playing computer has lived in
games, apartment for
and
Akira Japan , has known best

and friend for
Ahmed , has been to

and
different schools
Eshana London , has known best

and friend since
36
2 Listen to a girl talking about her pen-friend. Then complete the table.
Maya Anna
Where they are from
How they are similar 1

2
3
4
5
How they are different
3 Work in pairs. Do you have any pen-friends? If so, tell your partner about them. If not,
imagine that you have one and tell your partner about them.
Writing
4 Write an entry for the World Pen-friends website.
Make notes about:
• your name
• where you are from
• where you live, how long you have lived there
• what you think of your hometown
• where you have been abroad, or in your country
• what your hobbies are
• what languages you speak
37
6
How we live
• Use the present perfect to talk about actions
1 Find the things in the word square and
and situations that started in the past and
write them beside the pictures.
continue up to the present.
They’ve lived in that house for three years.
S P V A B O W L
• Use for with a period of time.
D O V S A W E N I’ve been here for two years.
S T A T U E O C • Use for with time expressions such as:
fifteen minutes, a day, a month, a year, etc.
M C S T R R M O • Use since with a specific date or time.
U J E N J E I I He’s lived there since 2014.
• Use since with time expressions such as:
L U T I Y E S N
Yesterday, last week, Monday, April, etc.
B G A B E A D S • Use since only with the present perfect.
• Use for with the present perfect or the past
simple.
1
2 Complete the sentences with for or
since.
2
1 Louise has been in this room three
hours.
3 2 We’ve run this website 2015.
3 They’ve had their house two years.
4 You’ve been my friend I was a
4 child.
5 The museum has had fifteen thousand
visitors April.
5 6 I’ve had this headache five hours.
3 Complete the sentences. Use for or since
and the present perfect.
6
1 I’ve been (be) in this room for half an hour.
2 We (not have) any food
7 breakfast time.
3 A: ‘How long you (be) here?’
B: ‘ two hours.’
4 Laila (not spend) much money
last week.
5 Firas (have) a headache this
morning.
38
4 OVER TO YOU. Write sentences about you, B
your family and your life. Add since or for. Mona (7) (work) as a volunteer
(8) 2000. Throughout her career
You can change the time expression if
necessary. she (9) (assist) people with
special needs in different parts of the country.
Most of her work involves helping children
and adults who have a physical or mental
disability, but sometimes she (10)
(also have) to spend time with old people
who need support in their daily lives. Mona
has been travelling around the country
(11) several years. Because of
her job, she (12) (meet) many
amazing people.
6 Look at the pictures and write questions

1 I’ve been in the classroom for an hour. and answers.
2 My brother has had his new watch since last
month. last week.
1 How long have you had
3 that watch?
about six months. Since September.
4
about two weeks. 2
5
last Thursday.
6
last December. 3
7
about a year.
8
yesterday. 4
9
2015.
10
last March. 5
5 Complete the texts with the correct form

of the verbs and using since or for. 7 OVER TO YOU. Write your answers to
these questions in your notebooks.
A I’ve had my camera for two months.

I don’t have a camera.
Amer (1) (live) in Aleppo, Syria all
his life. He loves sport, especially football.
He (2) (play) football (3) he How long have you had your...
was six years old. His favourite video game
is a football game. It’s new. You can put your
photo on the body of a digital player! He • ...camera?
• ...favourite T-shirt?
(4) (have) it (5) a week. He • ...English book?
• ...favourite shoes?
(6) (not win) a game, so he has to • ...favourite photo?
• ...watch?
practise! • ...newest possession?
39
Skills development
Reading
The moon landing

On July 20, 1969, over 600 million people all over the world
watched TV and saw a man climb out of a spacecraft and walk
on the moon for the first time in history. He said a very famous
sentence: “That’s one small step for a man; one giant leap for
mankind.”
The first man to set foot on the moon was called Neil
Armstrong, but he was with another astronaut called Buzz Aldrin.
Their journey started at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Three
astronauts took off in the spacecraft called Apollo 11 and travelled
for four days across 386,160 km to get to the moon. When they got
near the moon, Armstrong and Aldrin left the other astronaut, Michael Collins, behind in the
command module. They flew in the smaller Lunar Module to the moon.
The two astronauts explored the moon’s surface. They collected about 22 kg of moon soil and
rocks, set up a wind experiment and took photographs. They spent 21 hours on the moon. Then
they flew back to the Command Module and joined Collins again on Apollo 11. They then flew
back to Earth and landed safely.
There were five more Apollo missions to the moon, and twelve men have landed on the moon.
The later astronauts drove a moon buggy so they could travel further. They made maps of the
moon and set up scientific stations. Over the years, they brought back 380 kg of moon rock and
soil. It sounds fun but it was very hard work and the journeys were very dangerous. It was difficult
to move in their big space suits, with so little gravity.
The moon buggies and the scientific stations are still there, but the last astronauts went to the
Moon in December 1972. Who knows when we will go back again?
1 Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) of false (F).
1 Aldrin was the second man to set foot on the moon. T
2 Three astronauts flew in the Apollo 11.
3 The Apollo 11 flew straight to the moon and landed on it.
4 Armstrong and Aldrin collected 380 kg of moon soil and rocks.
5 The Command Module landed on the moon and collected Armstrong and Aldrin.
6 Some astronauts drove a vehicle called a moon buggy to the moon.
7 The programme to send astronauts to the moon stopped in 1972.
2 OVER TO YOU. Answer the questions in your notebook.

1 Do you think human beings should go to the moon again? Why? Why not?
2 What can we learn from space exploration?
3 Are there any dangers to human beings in exploring space?
40
3 Listen to a scientist talking about a new space discovery. Then circle the correct answers.
1 Scientists are always trying to find evidence of water on
a other planets b Earth c the moon
2 A few years ago, scientists found on Mars.
a liquid water b evidence c ice
3 The ice found on the moon was on the parts of the moon.
a sunniest b darkest c oldest
4 There was more ice in the of the moon.
a south pole b bigger pole c north pole
4 Are you interested in space. Are you always up-to-date about the latest findings? Work in
pairs, telling your partner about a recent space discovery.
Writing
5 Write a short biography.
Interview your mother or father using these questions. Make notes in English.
• When and where were you born?
• When and where did you go to school / college?
• What were your best subjects?
• When and where did you get married?
• What jobs have you done?
• What do you do now?
• What are your hobbies and interests?
• Where have you travelled?
• What’s the most interesting thing you’ve done?
6 Divide your biography into these four paragraphs.

• Early life and education
• Work
• Home life
• Experiences
Help Box
• A biography is an account of a person’s life, written by someone else.
• Remember to use linking words such as: and, but, first, then, after that.
41
Reading
What has the space programme done for us?

Did you know that many everyday things come from the space programme?
Space is a very difficult place. Spacecraft go through very high and low temperatures
and also fly very fast. So scientists had to invent new materials and machines for
astronauts who travel into space.
Back on earth, doctors can find illnesses in people with the same technology that
astronauts use. Machines in spacecraft have to be very small and light. Now doctors
are using these tiny instruments in hospitals. For example, the small machines that
doctors put inside the body to help patients’ hearts use space technology.
Cars and aeroplanes als benefit from scientists’ work on rockets. They are safer and
stronger and have better engines. We use space-age objects in the kitchen as well.
Because the spacecraft had to go through high temperatures, they had to develop
materials that weren’t damaged by heat. At home, our frying pans often have a special
surface so that food comes out easily.
Amazingly, our daily life would stop without one space-age invention. We wouldn’t
get very far without it. It’s a tiny object called the silicon chip, or microchip, which
stores and processes information. It’s in all our computers, cars, mobile phones,
watches and electronic devices.
1 Read the article and match the space technology with the modern development.
The space programme developed: We have:

1 small, light machines a special surface on frying pans
2 rockets b electronic devices
3 materials not damaged by heat c safer aeroplanes
4 the silicon chip d tiny machines in the body
2 Read the article again and complete the summary below.
space aeroplanes better technology computer everyday invent
Many (1) things and machines are (2) because of the

space programme. Scientists had to (3) things that work in very high and
low temperatures, and at very high speeds. Hospitals, cars and (4) all have
improvements because of the space programme. We all use a (5) -age invention
called the silicon chip in many machines, such as the (6) . And in daily life, many
things we use come from space (7) .
42
Language practice
1 Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect form of these verbs.
win meet fly eat not write hear not play see go lose
1 Samer to a lot of countries in the Middle East.

2 Lama the statue at an exhibition.
3 Hind and Lubna computer games ever in their lives.
4 We Chinese food.
5 Anas his football boots. He’ll have to buy new ones.
6 I that traditional song on the radio.
7 You’re lucky. You your favourite football player.
8 Munzer a prize for his schoolwork.
9 I to an Internet pen-friend. I don’t have a computer.
10 They in an aeroplane.
2 Complete the dialogues. Use short answers and the present perfect or the past simple forms of
the verbs.
1 A: you ever (go) to New York.

B: Yes, I .
A: When you (go)?
B: It (be) in 2005. I (go) with my brother.
A: you (enjoy) it?
2 A: you ever (see) a hot air balloon?

B: No, I . What about you?
A: Yes, I .I (see) it at a theme park.
B: What (be) it like?
A: It (be) beautiful.
3 A: you ever (break) a bone?

B: No, I . What about you?
A: Yes, I .I (break) my arm last year.
4 A: you ever (run) in a race?

B: Yes, I .
A: you (win)?
B: Yes, I .
43
3 Complete the text. Use for, since and the present perfect.
My name’s Ahmed Al-Nouri and I’m an archaeologist.
I (1) (do) this job (2) five
years now. It’s very enjoyable. We (3) (work)
on this dig in Al-Ghubb, UAE, (4) March. It’s
the birth place of the famous fifteenth-century explorer, Ibn
Majid. We (5) (find) houses and gardens.
It’s hard work. I (6) (not have) a cold drink
and I (7) (not watch) TV (8)
months. The days are very long. I (9) (be)
here (10) six o’clock this morning, and I
(11) (not have) a break (12)
four hours!
4 Circle the correct expression.
1 I’ve been here since six o’clock / three hours.
2 I’ve had this book for last October / two years.
3 We’ve lived here since I was born / twelve years.
4 I haven’t seen my friend for two days / Monday.
5 She’s worked in that shop for 2017 / two years.
6 My father hasn’t played football since he was at school / ten years.
7 He’s known his friend for last summer / six months.
8 Ruba hasn’t taken any photos since last summer / three months.
5 Rewrite the sentences with the verbs in brackets.
I bought this computer game last year. (have / for)
I’ve had this computer game for a year.
1 They heard the exam results two weeks ago. (know / for)
2 Charles got here ten minutes ago. (be / for)
3 The last time we spoke was on Tuesday. (not speak / since)
4 Wissam got a cold two days ago. (have / for)
5 I ate at lunchtime. (not eat / since)

6 Listen to a teacher giving a lesson about Saturn’s rings. Then complete the table.
Rings’ length
Year of discovery
Name of person who made the discovery
Number of rings
Names of rings
44
7 Which of the eight planets are you most interested to learn about? Do you know any facts
about other planets? Share your ideas in groups.
Writing
Did you ever travelled before? I haven’t travelled since two years. The last time I travelled, I went to
France to visit my uncle. I have been very excited. I asked my parents many questions. I learned that
there is a specific weit you can carry in your luggage. They have once made my father pay money
for carrying more than he is allowed. I also learned that the time it takes us to arrive to a place
depends on the distence. Our flight was three ours long. I had the best time of my life in France. I
visited a lot of interesting places, mostly museums. I especially loved the status.
2 Write eight sentences about your experiences. You can use the situations below or make up
your own.
• visit a foreign country • see an elephant

• stay in a hotel • fall out of bed
• swim in the Mediterranean Sea • go to a circus
• eat Indian food • eat in a Chinese restaurant
• go to Aleppo • go to bed at midnight
• have a Mexican meal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
45
7
Ideas and thoughts

Language practice 3 Write the sentences with the present
continuous.
1 Look at the people and write sentences
1 Hani / play football / on Tuesday
about them. Use: Hani is playing football on Tuesday.
tall slim average height short plump 2 We / visit our grandmother / in hospital /
tomorrow morning
3 My mother and father / not go

to the theatre / this evening
4 Mr Jones / go to Paris / for the weekend
5 You / not go to the dentist / at five o’clock
1 Samer is tall and slim. Help Box

2 • To form an adverb, add -ly to the adjective.
3 quiet + ly = quietly
4 • With adjectives ending in -y, y changes to i
5 happy i + ly = happily
6 • Irregular adverbs:
2 Cross out the incorrect word. fast = fast good = well hard = hard
1 fair / dark hair 1 2 4 Change these adjectives into adverbs and

then choose the correct one to complete
2 slim / bald each sentence.
careful fluent happy quick quiet sudden
3 long / short hair 3 4
1 My mother speaks four languages fluently.
4 fair / dark hair 2 The train stopped and I fell over.
3 The teacher waited until we were sitting
Help Box
4 The man was driving the car too
• Use the present continuous to talk about fixed 5 The children were laughing and playing
plans and arrangements. with their toys.
I’m playing football tomorrow afternoon. 6 Please hold this vase It’s fragile.
• Use the present continuous with time
expressions such as tonight, tomorrow, next
week, etc.
46
5 Look at the programme for Mr and Mrs 7 Complete the dialogues with these
Sage’s holiday in Syria. Then write expressions.
questions and answers.
Damascus City Tour I’m sorry but I can’t come on
Thursday. I’m having my piano lesson.
10.00 Guide meet you at Are you going? Would you like to
hotel in Damascus come? What are you doing tomorrow?
10.30 Visit The Great No, we’re not. No, I’m not.
Umayyad Mosque
11.30 Have lunch in an A
old town restaurant Ahmed: When is Qatar playing Germany?
1.30 Go up Mount Maher: On Wednesday.
Kassioun by taxi Ahmed : (1) Are you going?
4.30 Have a tour of Damascus in a Maher: Yes, I am. I’m going with my father.
coach B
6.00 Visit Souk Al-Hamidiyah
Hind: (2)
1 What time / the guide / meet / them Leen: I’m going to the school open day.
A: What time is the guide meeting them? Hind: Oh dear. I forgot!
B: He’s meeting them at ten o’clock. C
2 Where / they / meet Matthew: Hi, Richard.
A: Richard: Hello. How are you?
B: They Matthew: Fine. (3)
3 What / they / visit / 10.30 a.m. Richard: Oh, why not?
Matthew: (4)
A: Richard: Another time, then.
B: They D
4 Where / they / have lunch Amanda: Are you and your sister doing
A: anything tomorrow?
B: Sophie: (5) Why?
5 How / they / get up / Mount Kassioun Amanda: Would you like to come
A: swimming?
B: Sophie: Yes, I would, thanks.
E
6 What / they / do / 4.30 p.m.
Amer: Are you busy on Sunday?
A:
Hussam: (6)
B: Amer: We’re going to visit Mount Kassioun.
7 When / they / go / Souk Al-Hamidiyah (7)
A: Hussam: I’d love to.
B:
6 Agree (✓) or disagree (✗) with the Help Box
sentences using these phrases. • Useful expressions for making arrangements:
Are you busy / doing anything this evening?
Yes, I am. I’m not. So am I. Neither am I.
Would you like to come...?
1 Are you seeing your friends at the I’m sorry but I can’t. / I’m afraid I’m busy.
weekend? ✓ I’d love to. / Yes, I would.
Yes, I am.
2 We’re going to the museum tomorrow. ✗
8 OVER TO YOU. Think of something you are
.
doing next week. In your notebook, write a
3 I’m not going to the bookshop. ✗
dialogue between you and a friend. Invite
.
him or her to join you.
4 I’m doing a school project this evening. ✓
.
47
Skills development
Reading
History of Books
A In the old days, the people who were

called scribes had to copy whole D A Chinese inventor, Pi Sheng, made
books by hand. These books were very the world’s first moveable letters in
expensive and only rich people owned 1045. They were pieces of terracotta.
them. The first books used animal skin. Each one had different Chinese
characters on it. He could print whole
B About 1,500 years ago in China, pages, and use the pieces again.
people used blocks of wood to make Unfortunately we don’t have examples
books. They carved a whole page on a of his work.
piece of wood. Then they put ink on it
and printed a page. They could make E In 1440, Johann Gutenberg created
many copies of the same page. But this a printing process in Europe that
method was very slow, the woodblocks changed the way we communicate.
didn’t last very long and it only worked He was able to make many copies of a
for short books. book quickly.
C The invention of paper was important F Gutenberg used moveable metal
for the development of printing. The letters on blocks and special machines
Arabs learnt about paper-making from called presses. He arranged these
the Chinese in 750 CE. They started into sentences to make a page of text.
manufacturing it in paper mills. In Then he covered it with ink. He put it
the medieval period, Baghdad and in his printing press, put paper on top,
Damascus sold paper around the and pressed them together. He did
world. The technology reached Spain this many times to make copies of the
by 950, but the first paper mills in same page. Afterwards he could use
Europe only started at the end of the the letters again.
twelfth century.
1 Read the text and match the paragraphs with the headings.
1 A revolution in communication 2 Paper 3 Metal blocks
4 Woodblocks 5 Terracotta pieces 6 Scribes
2 Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 How were books made before printing was invented?
2 What were the disadvantages of woodblock printing?
3 What was special about Pi Sheng’s invention?
4 What was the difference between Gutenberg’s invention and Pi Sheng’s?
5 Where did paper manufacturing start and who took it to Europe?
48
3 L isten to a librarian talking about the importance of reading. Then complete the gaps in
the text below with two to five words.
Today, reading is a (1) . If you don’t know how to read, you will find
it hard to do the easiest tasks, from (2) to medication instructions.
Reading develops the mind and (3) . It is also important to read to
keep discovering (4) . In the age of technology, we have access to
(5) . Reading also expands your (6) and
increases your vocabulary. So don’t forget to pick up a book (7) .
4 Do you like to read? Why? How often do you read and do you have a favourite genre of
books? Discuss the questions in groups.
Writing
5 Nadia and Khaled are brother and sister. Their best friends are brother and sister, Ahmed and
Reem. Read the emails. What is the invitation for? What do Ahmed and Reem think?
Dear Ahmed and Reem,

What are you doing on Thursday
evening? Our mum and dad are taking
us to the shopping mall. We’re going
shopping and then we’re having a Dear Nadia and Khaled,
sandwich. Would you like to come with Thanks for the invitation. It’s a
us? great idea. What time shall we come to
Best wishes, your house?
Nadia and Khaled
From,
Ahmed and Reem
6 Write an invitation.
Plan something to do, and write an invitation to your classmate. Copy it onto a piece of paper
and give it to your classmate. Your classmate writes their answer to you and you write your
answer to your classmate.
Help Box
How to write an invitation How to write a reply
• Question to find out if the person is free • Thank them
• Explanation of your plan • Accept and ask for more details
• Invitationl • Or explain why you can’t come
and apologise
49
8
Messages
Language practice 2 Write sentences. Use the passive of these
verbs.
1 Complete the crossword.
grow make speak find sell
Across
1 an international network of computers that 1 Portuguese / Brazil
Portuguese is spoken in Brazil.
are joined together
2 Medicines / pharmacist
4 a machine that goes round the Earth
6 to give something and receive
something else 3 silver / ground
7 to put things away and keep them
safe 4 rice / China
8 an electronic machine that we have in our
homes and offices 5 cars / Germany
Down
1 knowledge or facts 3 Write what the things are usually made of.
2 the machine you use to speak to
people in another place paper cotton wood leather glass
3 the main computer on a network that stores 1 T-shirts are usually made of cotton.
and distributes information 2 Tables .
4 to look quickly through different websites 3 Shoes .
5 the place where your emails arrive 4 Windows .
1I 2T 5 Books .
3S
4 These sentences contain incorrect
4S
information. First write a negative
sentence. Then write correct information.
5I
6E
1 French is spoken in England.
French isn’t spoken in England. English is
spoken there.
7S 2 Arabic is spoken by most people in Peru.
8 C
3 Rice is grown in the Sahara desert.
Help Box
4 Audio CDs are used to record films.
• Use the present passive to talk about
processes and facts. Use it when the focus is
on the action, not on who does it.
Computers are linked together. Information is 5 Ford cars are made by a German company.
exchanged between computers.
• Revise the past participles.
50
Help Box Help Box
• Use the past passive to talk about past • Passive questions
processes and facts. Use it when the focus is Active: Who sent the email?
on the action, not on who does it. Passive: Who was the email sent by?
The first telephones were used in 1876. • Active: What did Einstein develop?
• You need to know the past participles for the Passive: What was developed by Einstein?
past passive, too.
5 Complete the texts with the past passive. 6 Complete the questions, then do the quiz.
Ancient civilisations The Great Big English for Syria Quiz!

Mesopotamia / Sumeria What facts do you remember from this book?
Mesopotamia was a region
around the Tigris and the 1 Who the Mona Lisa by?
Euphrates river. It was
(1) (paint)
controlled (control) by several a) Albert Camus b) Leonardo da Vinci
different peoples. The c) Ulugh Beg
Sumerians were the first, around 3500 BCE. City 2 Who the ancient city of Palmyra
states (2) (create) until they were
united under one ruler in 2350 BCE. The wheel by? (invade)
(3) (invent) by the Sumerians. a) the Romans b) the French
Ancient Egypt c) the Egyptians
Ancient Egypt was an area in 3 Who Cordoba by in the
the Nile Valley. It (4) Medieval period? (rule)
(rule) as a city state from about a) Emperor Shah Jahan b) the Umayyad
3200 BCE. The pyramids (5) Dynasty c) Queen Elizabeth I
(build) during 4 Where coffee first ?
the fourth dynasty. Hieroglyphic writing (6)
(invent) by the Ancient Egyptians. (discover)
a) the Middle East b) India c) America
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece 5 Who the Theory of Relativity
(7) (call) Hellas. by? (develop)
Many famous philosophers (8) a) Isaac Newton b) Marie Curie
(born) in Ancient c) Albert Einstein
Greece, such as Aristotle and 6 Who the World Wide Web
Plato. Democracy (9) (create) by by? (invent)
the Ancient Greeks.
a) Albert Einstein b) Tim Berners-Lee
The Chinese Empire
c) Bill Gates
From about 1600 BCE China
(10) (form) from 7 Where the first Olympic Games
many different kingdoms. It (hold)
(11) (unite) in 221 a) Paris, France b) Olympia, Ancient
BCE under one leader. During this time the Greece c) Athens, Ancient Greece
Great Wall of China 8 In what country 7,000 terracotta
(12) (build). Many useful things
(13) soldiers and their horses ? (bury)
(invent) by the Chinese, such
as paper and money. a) China b) Iran c) Russia
7 Correct your wrong answers in your
notebook.
The Mona Lisa wasn’t painted by Albert Camus.
It was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
Answers: 1b, 2a, 3b, 4a, 5c, 6b, 7b, 8a
51
Skills development
Reading
1 Read the article and complete it with the correct words.
1 a uncomfortable b comfortable c colourful 6 a feel b see c go

2 a idea b student c day 7 a useless b using c useful
3 a friends b subjects c maths 8 a shiny b tidy c helpful
4 a sail b swim c surf 9 a harder b funnier c easier
5 a under b near c through 10 a Finally b At last c At least
Organising your homework

Your homework is important, so your study Some students also put up certificates and awards
space at home should be quiet. It should have good they have won, or favourite photos, which help them
lighting, and your chair should be (1) (6) motivated.
and at the correct height for the desk.
Shelves are also (7) so that you
It is a good (2) to do your can keep your reference books and files near you.
homework at the same time every day, say, between And don’t forget to organise your photocopies and
4.00p.m. and 5.00p.m. You can arrange something printouts in well-labelled files.
to do after your homework to give you a goal. You
Make sure your study space is (8)
probably have four or five (3) each
and well-organised. You can’t study well in an
evening, so make a weekly timetable to help you
untidy environment. A clear desk makes things
stay in control. (9) to find and is more relaxing.
Your desk or table should have space for your (10) , check that you have supplies
books, pens and pencils. If you have a computer to
of all the things you need so
do some of your work on, or to (4)
you don’t have to go out to
the Net, make sure there is still room on your desk
the shops when you should
for writing by hand.
be studying.
If you have a wall (5) your desk,
and your parents don’t mind, you can put up a notice
board. On it, you can pin timetables, calendars and
things you want to remember.
2 Read the article again and decide what the students below could improve.
1 Harry has got lots of paper, pens and pencils on his desk.
Harry should tidy his desk.
2 Barbara hasn’t got a lamp on her desk. It’s hard to read.
3 Jenny never remembers what subject homework she has to do.
4 Hassan has got fifteen books on his desk and twelve files.
5 Laila wastes a lot of time looking for pens and pencils.
6 Jamie can’t write in his notebook because his keyboard is in the way.
3 Write three things you want to improve about your homework in your notebook.
1 I am going to make a homework timetable.
52
4 L isten to four students sharing some interesting facts they learned about the brain. Take
notes then complete the table.
Students Facts they found out
Jana
Sana
Wael
Ashraf
5 Which one of these facts was the most interesting? Do you know other facts about the brain?
Discuss the questions in groups.
Writing
It is useful to keep a diary of your homework. You can write about how you did your research, how
long things took, what things were easy or difficult. This will help you understand how you study
best and improve your study skills.
6 Read Ruba’s diary and answer these questions.
1 In what subject does Ruba feel she needs help?
2 What has Ruba decided to do better in the future?
3 What subject do you think Ruba likes best?
Subjects Comments
I found the maths calculations quite hard. I felt unhappy because I didn’t understand.
Maths
I will ask the teacher to explain it again.
I had to do some ‘Complete the sentence’ exercises in my Activity Book. I felt happy
English
because I understood it.
I had to draw a map. I wasted time looking for my crayons. I must remember to have
Geography
things ready!
I had to write up a science experiment. We did the experiment in class. But I couldn’t
Science understand the notes I made in class. I must write more tidily. I felt annoyed because
it took a long time.
I had to read some literature. I love Arabic and really enjoyed reading. I surfed the
Arabic Net to find out about the author. It was interesting. I’m looking forward to the lesson
tomorrow.
4 Write about one evening’s homework this week.
Help Box
7 Write a story about a day in your life.
• Describe what you did.
• The day we got some good news • Think about how you felt. (I felt...)
• The day my favourite team won • Write what you want to change. (I must...
• The day my brother/sister/aunt/uncle / I mustn’t...)
won an award • Write what you will do tomorrow. (I
• The day I broke my leg/broke my arm will...)
53
Reading
How many times do you use the The ancient Egyptians started using
written word every day? You read picture signs, called hieroglyphics, around
books, newspapers and web pages, do 3000 BCE. Each picture represented a
schoolwork, and send emails and instant word. But hieroglyphics were hard to learn,
messages. But do you know where writing and only a few people could understand
comes from? them. Perhaps only 1% of the population
About 25,000 years ago pictures of could read!
animals, people and things were used to The Phoenicians used the Sumerian
tell stories. They were painted on cave cuneiform symbols and created a 22-letter
walls – we can still see some of them today alphabet in about 1000 BCE. Each letter
in caves in France and Africa. represented a sound from their language.
The earliest form of true writing was Many cultures borrowed this Phoenician
developed by the Sumerians in about 3300 alphabet and adapted it, including the
BCE, in Iraq. At first, pictures were used Greeks in Europe. One of the great scripts
to represent ideas. Then, by about 2500 of the world is the Arabic script which
BCE these pictures became simple signs also comes originally from the Phoenician
called ‘cuneiform writing’. Using this writing, alphabet.
Sumerians could write their history, laws So next time you read something in
and stories. either English or Arabic, don’t forget that
both alphabets have a common ancestor!
1 Read the text and match the dates and the events.
1 25,000 years ago a cuneiform writing

2 3300 BCE b pictures representing ideas
3 3000 BCE c paintings on cave walls
4 2500 BCE d 22-letter alphabet
5 1000 BCE e hieroglyphics

1 Where can you see early cave paintings?
2 Where was cuneiform writing found?
3 Where were hieroglyphics developed?
4 Who was a 22-letter alphabet developed by?
54
Language practice
1 Complete the dialogues with short answers and the present continuous form of the verbs.
Use contracted forms where possible.
A
A: What (1) you (do) tomorrow?
B: I (2) (go) to the shopping mall.
A: So (3) I. What you (do) later?
B: In the evening I (4) (go) to that new fish restaurant with my family.
Would you like to come?
A: No, thanks. I can’t. I (5) (visit) my grandmother in the evening.
B
A: (6) you (do) anything this evening?
B: Yes, I (7) .I (8) (study) for a test tomorrow.
A: Oh, that’s a pity. My cousin (9) (come) to my house this evening. What
about Saturday lunchtime?
B: Let me think. I (10) (not help) in my dad’s shop, so I’m free.
A: We (11) (have) lunch by the river. Would you like to come?
B: Yes, please.
C
A: I (12) (not go) to the swimming pool this afternoon.
B: Neither (13) I. What (14) you (do)?
A: I (15) (surf) the Net.
B: I (16) not. I (17) (go) shopping with my mum.
2 Complete the sentences with an adverb or an adjective.

1 My hometown is small and (quiet / quietly)
2 Ali speaks English very (good / well)
3 She read the book (quick / quickly)
4 He answered the question (easy / easily)
5 Deema is a very student. (intelligent / intelligently)
6 Our teacher explains everything very . (clear / clearly)
3 Complete the factfile with the past passive.
Amazing facts
1 The piano (invent) in the 1700s.
2 The 300m Eiffel Tower in France (build) in the 1880s. It
(make) of metal.
3 Mobile phones first widely (use) in the 1990s.
4 The first television broadcast (make) in 1926.
5 The oldest surviving photograph (take) in 1827.
6 The first skyscraper (design) in 1885 in Chicago.
7 The first supermarkets (open) in the 1930s in America.
8 The sandwich (name) after the Earl of Sandwich in the 1700s.
55
4 Complete the text with the verbs in the present passive.
How does a story get into your newspaper?

In the morning, a reporter (1) (send) to the
zoo to ask questions, and photos (2) (take)
by a photographer. The report and the photos
(3) (send) as quickly as possible to the
newspaper office. The story (4) (type) and
the photos (5) (copy) into the computer.
The day’s stories (6) (choose) by the
newspaper editors. Then all the stories and photos
(7) (arrange) on the pages by designers.
The final pages (8) (check) by editors. In the late afternoon, the pages
(9) (pass) to the printer. They (10) (transfer) onto metal
plates. Then these plates (11) (fix) on a machine called a printing press. Ink
and paper (12) (add) to the printing press, and thousands of copies of the
newspaper (13) (print) late at night. During the night, the newspapers
(14) (take) by lorries to newsagents all over the country. The newspaper
(15) (buy) by thousands of people and the story about the tiger
(16) (read) by people like you and your family.

1 L isten to a writer talking about why it’s important to write down your ideas. Take notes
then answer the questions.
1 Why is it important to write things down?
2 Why is it a good idea to keep a small notebook and a pen with you?
3 How can writing down your goals help you?
4 How can you organise your time through writing?
2 Do you follow any of the writer’s advice? Which one do you think is the most useful in your
daily life? Discuss the questions in pairs.
56
Writing
My sister Lama is my best friend. She is tall and thin. So I am. We both have short hair. We both like
serfing the Net for interesting facts, and we eschange information all the time. Lama doesn’t like
social networking sites. So do I. We think they are a waste of our time. Tomorrow we go to a new
science museum. It is opened last week. We herd that it’s really impressive, and that there are a lot
of exhibitions related to tecknology. I’m sure my sister and I will love it!
2 Write about your favourite activities.
1 Read about Lama. Do you think she is: creative? logical? both?
I am an artistic person. I love music and can play the piano and the violin. I am also quite good
at inventing strange things. I made a box for my music books and covered it with pictures of classical
composers.
I am also quite logical. I am good at remembering facts and understanding rules and systems. I
enjoy science experiments but I’m not so keen on languages.
2 Now tick the skills and activities you can do.

CREATIVE music painting drawing acting making beautiful things
making models photography writing poetry inventing strange things
having unusual ideas seeing pictures in your mind
LOGICAL puzzles maths science remembering facts planning my work

using computers understanding machines learning languages
memorising things understanding rules and systems solving problems
3 Write a few lines describing your favourite activities.
57
9
The environment
Language practice 3 OVER TO YOU. Complete the sentences.
1 A shop assistant is a person who sells things
1 Read the definitions and write the places. in shops.
1 The salt water which covers most of the 2 A bus driver is a person who
Earth’s surface. O .
2 A very hot, dry place where camels come 3 A teacher is a person who
from. D .
3 A high rocky place that people climb. 4 A factory worker is a person who
M .
4 A natural flow of water going across the 5 A journalist is a person who
land to the sea. R .
5 A large group of trees where wild animals 6 A nurse is a person who
live. F .
Help Box 4 You are showing your holiday photos to a
friend. Write sentences. Use these phrases
• Use which / that, who or where to say exactly and who or where.
what you are talking about:
The man works in the shop. He is Egyptian. we went swimming every day
The man who works in that shop is Egyptian. we stayed we bought souvenirs
This is the poem. It is interesting. taught us to sail
This is the poem which / that is interesting.
I saw a film recently. I liked it.
I saw a film recently which / that I liked. 1 This is the hotel where
We live in a street. It has a lot of trees. we stayed.
We live in a street where there are a lot of
trees.
• We often use that instead of which.
2 This is the shop
2 Complete the sentences with who, which /
that or where. .
1 I’ve lost the ring my mother
gave me. 3 This is the man
2 Do you know that man is
standing outside? .
3 This is the place I lost my
glasses.
4 The magazine I bought isn’t 4 This is the beach
very interesting.
5 Muhanad has a brother .
played football for a famous football team.
58
5 Complete the sentences with the correct Help Box
active or passive form of the verbs . • both... and... is stronger than and.
Both Hind and Laila live in Homs.
migrate navigate invent distribute
• Either... or... indicates a choice.
He can either have pizza or a hamburger.
1 Wildebeest from the
• Neither... nor... means ‘not one and not the
south to the north and back again.
other’.
2 Last year the sailors She speaks neither English nor Arabic.
across the ocean to India.
3 The telephone by
Alexander Graham Bell. 8 Write about the instruments the students
4 Information to play. Use both… and… or neither… nor…
computers around the world by the Net. The Royal Music School
6 Write the noun for each verb. piano violin flute ’oud guitar
Mariam ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
1 destroy destruction
Wissam ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗
2 communicate
Ahmed ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗
3 navigate
4 invent Khaled ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
5 distribute Fadia ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
6 migrate 1 Mariam / Fadia (piano)
Both Mariam and Fadia play the piano.
Help Box 2 Wissam / Khaled (flute)
Neither Wissam nor Khaled plays the flute.
• Although contrasts two ideas. 3 Ahmed / Fadia (violin)
Samer’s family is from Germany. He doesn’t
speak German.
Although Samer’s family is from Germany, he 4 Wissam / Ahmed (the ’oud)
doesn’t speak German.
5 Ahmed / Fadia (guitar)
7 Complete the sentences with although 6 Wissam / Khaled (violin)

and these phrases.
he does a lot of exercise 9 Complete the sentences with either... or...,

Ruba’s older than her brother or neither... nor....
I was angry we were tired 1 You can have an orange juice
it’s usually hot at this time a cola.
2 I don’t like the swimming pool. I can
1 , swim dive.
there was no time to stop. 3 The school offers one extra language.
2 , You can study French
I tried to stay calm. Spanish.
3 , 4 I hate this train journey. It’s fast
he is still quite plump. cheap.
4 , 10 OVER TO YOU. Write sentences about you
she is shorter. and your friend. Use both... and... and
5 , neither... nor....
today it’s cold.
59
Skills development
Reading
The Nature Club
I love nature. I am really interested in whales

– they are amazing animals, and really
intelligent. Although they are very large, many
I love animals and helping the environment. I
whales eat very small food. I find that really
like reading books and websites abou animals.
interesting! I’ve got lots of whale posters on
Our last trip was to a nature reserve, with our
teachers. We stayed in a campsite, which was my walls and I enjoy visiting websites that help
fun. We also saw some rare animals and birds. the whales in the world. Sometimes I write
We hiked in the mountains and woods, and about whales for the nature club newsletter. I
saw sand dunes all in the same reserve. would love to see them in their natural habitat.
Sawsan Hind
I love learning about nature in my region.

You can either find me in the library reading a
Although it is hot and dry here, there are a
nature book, or surfing the Net. I run the nature lot of wonderful animals and plants. Did you
club newsletter. This means I collect people’s know that Syria has 71 species of mammals?
articles and put them together on my computer. The club is part of the softshell turtle project
I enjoy studying plants, especially flowers. There which protects the softshell turtle. It is in
are many beautiful flowers in Syria. In May, you danger of extinction in Syria and some
other Middle Eastern countries. I am helping
can see the orchid which is one of Syria’s native
organise a trip to the nature reserve – where
flowers. It has many rare varieties which you can there might be softshell turtles and many
look at but mustn’t pick. other reptiles and wild animals.
Reem Maysa
1 Read the website and write the names.

1 is interested in the softshell turtle.
2 is interested in flowers.
3 is interested in the nature reserve.
4 is interested in whales.
5 has a lot of posters.
6 and both read a lot of books and websites.
7 studies Syrian wildlife.
8 and both write for the nature club newsletter.
2 Read the website and complete the facts about Syria’s wildlife.
1 There are species of mammal.
2 The is one of Syria’s native flowers.
3 The is in danger of extinction.
60
3 L isten to a member of a nature club talking about why it’s important to care about the
environment. Then complete the table.
Parts of the environment Basic needs Examples of damage caused

to the environment
- air - oxygen - beach filled with rubbish
4 Do you spend a lot of time in nature? How do you think you can help take care of nature and
animals? Discuss the questions in pairs.
Writing
5 Write about a club you belong to, or an interest you have.
Include
• what you like best or are most interested in
• how you get information
• what you have done recently
• if you have any special skills
• what you would like to do / see / learn in the future
Help Box
Don’t forget to use:
• both... and... either... or... neither... nor...
• sentences with which / that where who
61
10
Explorations
Language practice 2 Complete the sentences with these words.
1 Read the facts and guess the animal. somebody something somewhere

anybody nobody nothing nowhere
polar bear penguin seal butterfly
1 Is at home?
Fascinating animal facts 2 I’ve lost my glasses. They must be
1 This animal usually lives in the house.
in the sea, and eats fish and birds. It doesn’t 3 I’m sorry I can’t help. There’s
have any external ears. It prefers water, but I can do to help you.
rests on the beach and has its babies there. 4 A: Where did you go on holiday?
2 It lives in the cold waters B: I stayed at home.
of Antarctica. It has wings but it cannot fly. 5 Come here. I want to tell you
Instead it uses them in the water to help it .
swim. It hunts for fish in the water. It lays 6 ’s phone rang during
eggs and looks after its babies on land. the concert. I don’t know whose it was.
3 It is the biggest and 7 My phone rang, but there was
strongest animal in the Arctic. It has a thick there.
white coat so it isn’t seen in the snow. It Help Box
is a powerful swimmer and hunts large
animals. • Use could be when you think that something
4 It is a beautiful insect is possible.
with four large colourful wings. It finds He could be the thief. He was at the museum
food inside flowers. It changes a lot in its last night.
life, because it starts as a caterpillar. • Use can’t be when you think that something
is impossible.
He can’t be the thief. He was with me at the
Help Box time of the crime.
• Use must be when you are sure about
• Use somebody, something, and somewhere in
something.
positive sentences. He must be the thief. He’s got the stolen
• Use anybody, anything, and anywhere in statue in his bag.
negative sentences and questions.
• Use everybody, everything, and everywhere
to talk about all people, things or places. 3 Complete the sentences with could, can’t
• The negative forms are nobody, nothing, and or must.
nowhere. 1 Take a jumper. It be cold
• Use a singular verb with these words. outside in the evening.
2 They be mad. Going running
in that hot weather!
3 That be them. It’s too early.
62
4 Read the clues and write the words.
1 Find your way across the oceans. N
2 You drop this heavy metal object into the sea so the boat can stay still. A
3 Make the boat go in the direction you want. S
4 The tall piece of wood in the middle of the boat. M
5 This round ring saves you if you are in the water. L b
6 The large piece of cloth that fills with wind. S
7 You use this to tie your boat with. R
8 You walk on this part of the boat. D
Help Box
• The past of must and have to is had to.
We have to write a letter. We had to write a letter.
• The past of Do you have to...? is Did you have to...?
Did you have to work yesterday?
• The past of don’t have to is didn’t have to.
We don’t have to do that exercise. We didn’t have to do that exercise.
5 Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of the past of have to.
1 We got into the museum for free. We (not pay).
2 you (wait) long? No, only five minutes.
3 They (take) their projects to school last Tuesday.
4 Shaza (tidy) her bedroom?
5 The teachers (work) very late on the day of the exams.
6 I (not get up) early this morning. There wasn’t any school.
7 you (wear) a uniform when you were at school?
8 He (take) medicine for three weeks before he got better.
9 Maher (do) exercise to lose weight.
10 Mr Ali (not drive) to the beach because there was a bus.
6 Read the note and write what Peter and his younger sister Jane did / didn’t have to do
before their parents got back home.
We have gone shopping. Please do these jobs.
Peter look after Jane Jane tidy your room
tidy your room do your homework
do your homework lay the table
1 Peter had to look after Jane.

2 They both rooms.
3 They both homework.
4 Jane lay the table.
5 Peter lay the table.
63
Skills development
Reading
Sindbad
I met some
men and they
took me to their
king. He was
Sindbad the Sailor is a popular tale very generous
from The Arabian Nights. In the story, to me and he let
Sindbad tells some noblemen about his me stay in his
seven adventures. During each voyage, city. One day, I was watching
Sindbad meets dangerous creatures and the boats at the port when I saw my old boat and
has exciting adventures. This is the first its captain. I saw my name on the packages he
story that Sindbad told: was taking off the boat. I greeted him, but he
I was a rich young man but I spent most of my didnít believe who I was.
money. So one day, I decided to travel the world ëI saw Sindbad die at sea,í he said, ëI am go-
and earn some more money. I joined a group of ing to sell his things and give the money to his
sailors who traded at sea. We sailed along the family.í
persian coast buying and selling goods. It was a ëCaptain,í I said, ëI am Sindbad - let me tell
good voyage and we bought many treasures. you my story.í
One day, we came to a lovely green island. After I told him everything, he believed me
Some of us decided to land there. But suddenly and gave me back my goods. I went to the king
the island started to move. It was a giant whale! and gave him gifts in thanks for his kindness.
When the whale dived back down into the sea, He too gave mevaluable spices and treasures.
some of the sailors swam back to the boat. But I I went home in my old boat. I sold my goods
was left in the sea holding onto a piece of wood. - I was arich man again. I built a huge palace and
Luckily, after a long time in the water I landed lived quietly with my family. But I am an adven-
on an island. turer and couldnít stay at home for very long!
1 Read the story and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 Sindbad had seven adventures.
2 He started life as a poor man.
3 Some of the sailors landed on a whale but they thought it was an island.
4 Sindbad survived because he found a piece of wood in the sea.
5 The first man Sindbad met on the island was the king.
6 The captain of the boat didn’t recognise Sindbad.
7 Sindbad took the captain to the king.
8 The king gave Sindbad gifts.
9 Sindbad will never travel again after that adventure.
2 Find the words in the story that have the following meanings.
1 a living thing such as an animal, bird or fish
2 a collection of valuable things
3 kind
4 the part of a city where there are boats
5 substances made from plants and seeds that we use for cooking
64
3 Listen to a travel blogger talking about road trips. Then answer the questions.
1 Why does the travel blogger think road trips are great? Which of the reasons do you agree with
the most?
2 How can road trips be inspiring?
4 Do you prefer going on a road trip or taking a plane flight? Why? Is there another way you
would like to explore a new place? Discuss the questions in pairs.
Writing
5 Use these notes to write a report.
Temperate forests Evergreen forests

❥ found in the southern parts of Europe, Asia ❥ found in the north of Europe, Asia and North
and North America America
❥ have long warm summers and wet winters ❥ have long cold winters, short cool summers
❥ contain tall trees and small bushes ❥ contain tall trees growing close together
❥ there is a lot of light ❥ there is very little light
❥ the trees lose their leaves in the winter ❥ the trees keep their leaves all year round
❥ there are many kinds of insects, small ❥ there are only a few kinds of insects, small
mammals and birds, some larger animals mammals and birds, some larger animals
Write a paragraph about each type of forest.
Temperate forests
Evergreen forests
65
Reading
Pollution We are also sending gases and chemicals into

the atmosphere, and this is making the world
Nowadays, many animals and plants are in warmer. There is worldwide concern over this ‘global
(1) because of the things that human warming’. It is probably (4) the
beings are doing to the environment. One threat to ice in the polar regions and making sea levels rise.
animals is hunting. The rhinoceros is hunted for its Scientists also believe that it causes extreme
horn and the tiger for its skin, and both species have weather such as hurricanes, droughts and storms.
nearly disappeared. Fortunately, we can stop (5) the
Human beings often (2) the world so much. Governments are making laws to
natural environment where they live. In tropical (6) the environment. Zoos
rainforests, trees are cut down for wood, and land is keep rare animals and encourage them to have
cleared for farming and building. These forests are babies, so they can eventually be let out in the
being destroyed very fast – the animals and plants wild again. Individuals can join environmental
that live in the rainforests cannot survive anywhere organisations, such as the World Wide Fund, they
else. Pollution is probably the greatest threat to the can recycle rubbish and they can protect animal and
environment, and it damages the health of all living plant habitats in their region. It is perhaps the most
things. The air, oceans, rivers and land are (7) problem we have to face in
(3) by dangerous substances the 21st century.
that come from factories, homes, cars and lorries.
1 Read the article and choose the correct words for the spaces.
1 a) oceans b) danger c) control
2 a) change b) stop c) introduce
3 a) polluted b) studied c) brought
4 a) freezing b) melting c) moving
5 a) damaging b) travelling c) doing
6 a) damage b) spend c) protect
7 a) important
b) small c) amazing
2 Read the article again and answer the questions.

1 What are the main threats to the environment?
2 What is global warming?
3 What are people doing to help the environment?
66
Language practice
1 Write new sentences by joining the two sentences with which / that or who.
We chose the camera. It was the cheapest.
We chose the camera which / that was the cheapest.
1 Next week there’s a traditional music festival. It happens every year.
2 Mariam likes the other students. They are in her class.
3 Hussam spoke to the teacher. He taught science.
4 He’s the man. He drove the school bus.
5 I did the homework. The teacher gave it to us yesterday.
2 Complete the sentences with which / that, who or where.

1 Mrs Mansour is a teacher teaches English.
2 This is the computer game Khaled recommends.
3 Have you worn the ring I gave you?
4 This is the town I was born.
5 The people we met on holiday were French.
6 Is this the book you lost?
7 This is the T-shirt I bought yesterday.
8 This is the TV programme my mother enjoys.
9 This is the street I had the accident.
10 Ahmed is the boy I told you about.
3 Write definitions using the words in the different columns.
a shop a drink live in Italy

Italians a vehicle plays the piano
milk a musician you buy things
English people flies from place to place
an aeroplane a place spoken all over the world
a pianist a language is good for you
A shop is a place where you buy things.

1
2
3
4
5
67
4 Complete the sentences with neither, either or both.
1 Khaled nor Hassan likes swimming.
2 Andrew and David live in England.
3 You can have fruit juice or coffee.
4 my mother nor my father speaks English.
5 Paula and Jane go to the drama club.
6 The lessons are in our classroom or in the computer room.
7 penguins nor ostriches can fly.
8 English and Arabic come from the same original alphabet.
5 Complete the sentences with these words.
something somewhere anything anybody anywhere everything
everybody everywhere nothing nobody
1 I’ve looked for my book but I can’t find it.

2 The lights are off. There isn’t at home.
3 Have you got to eat? I’m very hungry.
4 Listen! I’ve got to tell you.
5 This book is great. It tells you about Aleppo.
6 in my class has a pen-friend. And they all come from different countries.
7 We have to go shopping. We’ve got left in the fridge.
8 Have you seen my English exercise book
9 in my class has been to Europe. It’s too far.
10 Ali wants to live in the country. He loves animals and plants.
6 Complete the sentences with must or can’t.

1 You be tired! You slept really well last night.
2 This be my dictionary. It has got my name on its cover.
3 He be crazy. It’s too hot to go out at this time of day.
4 Samer be very fit. He can only run a few metres!
5 They be on holiday. They haven’t been at home all week.
6 Reem be from England. She doesn’t speak English.

1 L isten to this environmental scientist talking about different types of pollution. Then
complete the table.
Type of pollution Causes
68
2 Do you agree with the consideration of light, noise and sight as types of pollution even if they
don’t physically damage the environment? Why or why not? Discuss the questions in pairs.
Writing
There are many different types of environments. Examples are osheans, mountains, forests and rivers.
Each environment is home to different types of animals. Some animals live in cold climates like
polar bares and pengwins. But giraffes both and antelopes live something warm, like a dezert or a
plain. Some environments although can be very difficult to live in, animals have their own ways to
adapt and survive. For example in Alaska, which temperatures reach as low as -60 degrees Celsius,
wood frogs freeze their bodies in order to survive!
2 Write a paragraph describing a local nature park or habitat, or a nature park you have visited.
69
11
Inventions
Language practice 2 OVER TO YOU. You are in a restaurant.
Choose your favourite starter, main course
Help Box and drinks. Then complete the dialogue.
• Use be going to for actions that we have Waiter: What would you like as a starter?
decided to do before we speak. You:
I’m going to help my father this afternoon. Waiter: And for a main course?
• Use will for actions that we decide to do You:
Waiter: Would you prefer chips or potatoes?
now at the moment of speaking. You:
I’ll write that down in case I forget it. Waiter: Green salad or vegetables?
• Use will to predict the future. You:
I will be more busy next year. Waiter: What would you like to drink?
You:
1 The Brown family are having lunch in a Waiter: Thank you very much.
hotel. Write these words and expressions
in the correct places.
3 Samer is going on a business trip to the
soup of the day We’ll have please USA. Look at the pictures and write
would you like I’ll have have chips sentences about his plans.
we have three fruit juices
How would you I’ll have that
Waiter: What (1) would you like for a starter,
madam?
Mrs Brown: (2) the salad,
please.
Waiter: And what about you, young lady?
Cath: I’ll have the houmous,(3) .
Waiter: And what would you like, sir?
Mr Brown: What is the (4) ?
Waiter: It’s fresh fish soup today, sir. 1 Samer isn’t going to send postcards.
Mr Brown: Sounds nice, (5) , 2 He’s going to read newspapers.
please. 3
Waiter: And what about your main course? 4
Mrs Brown: (6) a burger for 5
Cath, and two steaks, please. 6
Waiter: (7) like your steaks?
Mrs Brown: Well done, please.
Waiter: Would you prefer chips or potatoes?
4 Write five sentences in your notebook
about what you are going to do at the
Mrs Brown: We’ll (8) , please.
weekend.
Waiter: And to drink?
Mrs Brown: Can (9) , please?
70
5 Look at the objects and write what you 6 Match the sentences to the replies.
think they are made of.
1 I’m hot. h
cloth rubber metal glass paper 2 What would you like?
plastic china 3 I’ve lost my pencil.
4 How can I get there?
5 I’m a bit hungry.
6 We’re lost.
7 This bag is heavy.
1 It’s made of metal and 8 I forgot the class register.
plastic.
a I’ll go and get it for you, Mr Haddad.
b I’ll find the map.
c I’ll make you lunch.
2 d I’ll have a sandwich.
e I’ll get you a pen.
f Shall I help you carry it?
g We’ll take you in our car.
h Shall I open the window?
3 Help Box
• Use I’ll / We’ll... Shall I / we...? to offer to do
something.
I’ll help you with your bags.
Shall I open the window?
4
7 Read what the people say and offer to

help.
1 I’d love to learn to play the keyboard.
5
(teach)
I’ll teach you.
2 This homework is too hard. (help)
3 There’s a scorpion in
6 the bathroom! (move)
4 Lunch was great. But we’re late for

work. (clear the table)
7 5 Oh dear. I’ve left my money at home.

(lend)
6 I have to go home now. (call a taxi)
8 7 Randa is upset about her exam results.

(talk)
8 The living room is untidy. (tidy)
71
Skills development
Reading
What the ancients did for us

There were inventions in the past even more important than TVs and cars. In fact, people started
inventing stone tools about 2.5 million years ago. About 100,000 years ago people invented the wheel,
instruments for digging the ground, terracotta pots and metal tools.
Electricity Fast food
Thousands of years before we started using The Chinese invented fast food about 3,500
electricity in our homes, a battery was invented! It years ago. They made noodles from flour and
is a small terracotta jar which is about 2,000 years water, and sold them in delicious sauces in the
old. It was found near Baghdad and is called ‘The cities.
Baghdad Battery’. It contains metal parts. If you fill
it with vinegar, it makes electricity, so scientists Glass
believe that it is an electricity generator. The ancient Egyptians were skilled
glassmakers and the Phoenicians were famous
Plastic surgery for their glass goods. The first glass objects were
Nowadays, people can go to a special doctor, probably beads, for jewellery. The ancient Romans
called a plastic surgeon, who changes how they spread the skill of glass making. They made glass
look. But did you know that people in India bottles and cups, and they also discovered how
operated on noses in 600 BCE? They used over to make clear glass. They were the first people to
120 different medical instruments. An Indian use glass windows.
surgeon called Sushruta wrote a book all about
nose operations.
1 Read the article and complete the table.
Place Invention
Baghdad
India
China
Ancient Rome

1 When were the first inventions?
2 What liquid makes the Baghdad battery work?
3 What do we call people who do nose operations now?
4 What did they sell in ancient Chinese cities?
5 Before the Romans, who made glass?
72
3 L isten to this segment from a TV programme about ancient discoveries. Then answer the
following questions.
1 Which cultures discovered chocolate?
2 Who introduced chocolate to Europe and when?
4 Which type of chocolate do you prefer, dark, milk or white? What health benefits do you
know chocolate has? Discuss the questions in pairs.
Writing
5 Write about some of the inventions you and your family often use.
First read (1–5) below and underline all the machines and tools.
Then match these themes to the paragraphs:
At school
The most important invention
The morning
General household inventions
In the evening
1 There are lots of machines and tools we use in a typical day. First of all, we have air
conditioning in our house – it would be very hot without it. We use a vacuum cleaner to clean
the floor and wash our clothes in a washing machine. Housework would take longer without
them.
2 In the morning, an alarm clock wakes me up. Then I get a bus to school. It would be a long
journey without the bus!
3 At school, I use basic things such as pens and pencils, but I also use a computer. It helps me
with my work. If I’m late I call home with a mobile phone, so my mum knows I’m safe.
4 In the evening, we cook dinner on a cooker. It would be boring to only eat raw food. After
dinner, we put our dishes in the dishwasher. I think that’s better than washing up.
5 Which is the most important of these inventions? I think it’s the alarm clock – how would I get
up without it?
Help Box
• Make a list of all the things your family uses.
• Group the objects by theme, such as time of day, room they are in, etc.
• Write about what life would be like without some of them. Use would.
• Divide your composition into paragraphs.
73
12
Creativity
• Use if + present simple + present simple for
Help Box
things that are always true.
• Some of the verbs you have studied go with a If it doesn’t rain, plants don’t grow.
preposition. • We usually put a comma after the ‘if part’ of
build up cool down find out go away the sentence.
look at look for look up turn off • Use if + prasent simple + can + verb for
things that are always possible.
1 Complete these sentences with verbs from If you tell your parents about your
the help box. problems, they can help you.
1 In this book, we find out that the
Phoenicians were very advanced. 3 Look at the pictures and write sentences.
2 Please the picture on page 34, Don’t forget to use a comma where
class. necessary.
3 Please ! I have to finish my
homework. 1 to 100°C / it boils / heat
4 You need to do exercises that will water / you / If / water
your muscles. If you heat water to
5 the lights when you leave the 100°C, it boils.
room.
6 You can difficult words in the 2 it freezes / the
dictionary. temperature of water
7 I’ve lost my glasses. Can you help me / falls / If / below 0°C
them?
8 After every exercise session you should
3 find / surf the Net
2 Write the nouns or verbs in the table. / If you / a lot of /
information / you can
Noun Verb
improvement
development
4 die / plants / If / water
combine
/ they / don’t / you
solution
discover
invention
inform 5 a / have / bad tooth / If
decorate you / you / toothache /
communication get
production
74
4 Complete the sentences with an Help Box
appropriate word. Use some of them more • Use if + present simple + will or won’t for
than once. things that will possibly happen.
of at in between to above on If the weather is nice, we’ll go camping.
through under into • We can put the ‘if part’ or the ‘will part’ of the
sentence first.
1 Wissam has travelled to many countries. If we take a taxi, it will be expensive.
2 We went the shopping mall by bus. It will be expensive if we take a taxi.
3 My hometown is the coast. • We usually put a comma after the ‘if part’ of
4 Electricity flows some materials the sentence.
easily, such as water.
5 I live the city centre. 6 Complete the sentences with the correct
6 The treasure was buried a huge form of the verbs in brackets.
stone.
7 She put her book her bag. 1 If we (go) on holiday next
8 They arrived the hotel very late. year, we (visit) Egypt.
9 Omar has a computer his bedroom 2 If it (be) necessary,
and lots of posters his walls. I (go) shopping.
10 Hiba took a photo the beautiful old 3 You (catch) the bus if you
buildings. (leave) soon.
11 She wasn’t home when I called. 4 If you (go) to the
12 The post office is the bank and the USA, you (need) a visa.
restaurant. 5 Samer (print) you that photo
13 The hawk flew them in the blue sky. if you (want) one.
6 If he (stay) in bed, he
(feel) better.
5 Match the beginnings of the sentences 7 I (have) spaghetti if we
with the ends. (go) to the Italian restaurant.
1 He sent an email 7 What will happen if you...? Write questions
2 Give that book and answers for the situations.
3 I like listening
4 Does this pen not understand be late for school
5 My baby brother be hungry not be tired
6 My school bag is made
7 My father is responsible 1 go to bed early?
8 The thief stole the money Q: What will happen if
9 You learn you go to bed early?
10 Don’t worry A: I won’t be tired.
2 don’t listen in class?
a of recycled plastic. Q:
b about the test. It’s easy. A:
c to me. I need to read it. 3 miss the bus?
d from the old lady. Q:
e is scared of storms. A:
f about things at school. 4 don’t eat your breakfast?
g to my CDs. Q:
h to his mother, saying ‘I’ll be late.’ A:
i belong to someone?
j for the whole bank.
75
Skills development
Reading
1 Do the quiz. Then read your score.
Are you a creative thinker?
The world is changing very fast, and creative thinking skills are very important in today’s world.
Try this questionnaire.
4 = very often 3 = often 2 = sometimes 1 = hardly ever 0 = never/don’t know
1 If I am doing a project, I read lots of different things about the subject.

2 If I don’t understand something, I try and find out more about it.
3 If I am doing something practical, I like thinking of new ways of doing it.
4 If I am studying, I enjoy learning about new ideas.
5 If I get something wrong, I want to understand why.
6 If I am good at something, I still try new ways of doing it.
7 If something looks impossible, I still like looking for a solution.
8 If there is a discussion, I listen to all the different points of view.
9 If I have some free time, I think about new ideas in my head.
10 If ideas are very different, I can still see the connections between them.
11 If I meet someone different from me, I like hearing their point of view.
12 If I have time, I like developing new interests.
Score
Don’t worry if you scored low, you have plenty of time to develop your creative thinking skills!
37_48 Brilliant. You are good at problem solving. I expect everyone comes to you if they have a
problem to solve.
25_36 Well done. There are ways you could improve your thinking skills. Relax, read a new book,
learn a new skill, read about a new subject.
13_24 Good. You don’t have to try hard to be creative. Just relax and let your brain help you think
in new ways!
0_12 Not bad. Creative thinking skills can be developed. Relax, learn a new skill, do something in
a different way. And above all, don’t worry.
2 Choose one of the ideas and try it out.
Improve your creative thinking

• Go a different way to school, the park, the swimming pool, etc... What looks different? What
do you notice?
• Go to a museum and look at things you don’t think you are interested in. Write notes about
what you discover.
• Start a new hobby or sport. It will teach you new ways of thinking.
• Read a book or visit a website about something you don’t think you are interested in. What do you
learn?
• If you are artistic, do something scientific. If you are scientific, do something artistic. What did you
learn?
• Talk to your grandparents or older relatives about their life experience. Really listen.
76
3 L isten to a science teacher talking about an accidental discovery. Then answer the
questions below.
1 How did Edouard Benedictus discover safety glass?
2 Why was it an important discovery and where is it used?
4 Do you think that accidentally discovering something makes the discovery less important or
the discoverer less smart? Why or why not? Discuss the questions in small groups.
Writing Writer’s checklist

5 Write a story called A meeting with a Your hero’s name
scientist. First complete the writer’s The scientist’s name
checklist. Think creatively about how they The place they met
can connect together. A vehicle
The scientist’s research
6 Read Tareq’s story, and underline the first appearance of the information in the writer’s
checklist.
Tareq’s story
It was another hot, sunny day. Alex was sitting on the beach near his parents’ house on
the east coast of Canada. It was very lucky to have good weather during the school holidays. But
after ten sunny days, Alex was bored. He wanted something different to happen.
Then, at ten thirty in the morning on Wednesday 14 July, he saw a strange object in the sky.
It was an orange and green circle. Alex realised it was a hot-air balloon. He jumped up and ran
towards it. It was now very close to the water. Alex could see the pilot. He was a tall man with
black hair. Then the balloon landed on the beach.
The pilot’s name was James Vance. He was a scientist and he was doing research on air
pollution. But he had a problem.
‘I must talk to my colleagues. Unfortunately, my phone isn’t working. If I don’t talk to them,
we will lose important information.’
Alex took him to his parents’ house and James phoned his colleagues. Then they had tea and
cake and James explained why it was important to control pollution. Later, he went back to his
balloon and floated away. Alex waved goodbye. It was the best day of his holiday!
Help Box
• In Tareq’s story, Alex feels differently at the end of the story to how he felt at the beginning.
This makes the story more interesting. When you write your story, try to describe how your
‘hero’ feels.
Now you try!
77
Reading
The first instrument to take and fix images was the camera obscura. It was a sort of box with a
hole in it. When light passed through the hole, a picture appeared upside down on paper. The first person to
write about the camera obscura was the Arab scientist Alhazen in the 10th century.
By the 17th century, European artists were using the camera obscura to paint very realistic
pictures. But it was quite complicated. They had to copy the image on paper, and they couldn’t keep the
image that the camera made.
Then in 1826, a French scientist called Joseph Niépce created the first photo on paper using
chemicals. But it took eight hours! Niépce’s work was continued by another Frenchman called Louis
Daguerre who invented a more practical way to take photos in 1837. At first, photos were very difficult to
take and the photographer needed expensive equipment. People had to sit still for minutes or the photos
didn’t work. But in 1888, an American called George Eastman made a simple box camera that ordinary
people could buy. He also invented flexible film. With each film people could take 100 photos, and then
send them to the laboratory.
Colour photos were only created in the early 20th century. The inventors of the cinema, the
Lumière brothers, made the first colour photos.
Today, we use cameras without film. They look like traditional cameras but they are digital.
The images are transferred to a computer and people can change the image or send it by email. We also take
photos with our mobile phones. Things have changed a lot since the camera obscura!
1 Read the text and complete the table.

Date Person/people/company What they did
10th century wrote about the camera obscura
17th century European artists
1826
1837 practical method of taking photos
1888
Early 20th century first colour photos
2 Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 The camera obscura took the first photos.
2 17th century European artists took photos.
3 Daguerre’s method of taking photos was faster than Niépce’s.
4 When George Eastman introduced his box camera, ordinary people could take photos for the
first time.
5 Nowadays we use cameras with film and transfer them to our computers.
78
Language practice
1 Complete the answers with will or going to. Use contracted forms.
1 What will they do now?
I think they home. (go)
2 What is Khaled going to study at university?
He history. (study)
3 How long are you going to be away?
I away for about a week. (be)
4 What will you have to eat?
I a sandwich, please. (have)
5 Where are you going to live?
We in Egypt. (live)
6 What will the weather be like tomorrow?
I think it . (rain)
7 Would you like a drink?
Yes, please. We tea, please. (have)
8 What are Salah and Ali going to do this evening?
They a lecture. (attend)
2 Complete the sentences with an appropriate preposition.
of at in between to above on through under into
1 Ahmed dived the sea.

2 Our car was parked a truck and a taxi.
3 The train went the tunnel.
4 Amer painted a picture his best friend.
5 Lattakia is a city the coast.
6 When I called she wasn’t home.
7 My dictionary is my school bag.
8 It was raining so they stood a tree.
9 Last year Hani went six foreign countries.
10 He put his new poster on the wall his desk.
3 Match the beginnings and ends of the sentences.

1 If it is windy, a you work very hard.
2 If you mix an acid and an alkali, b you can’t concentrate.
3 If they arrive in time, c you get a salt and water.
4 If you don’t get enough sleep, d you can remember your life better.
5 If you keep a diary, e the temperature feels cooler.
6 If you are a teacher, f we can all go to a restaurant.
79
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 If it this weekend, we on a picnic. (rain, not go)
2 If Sawsan a good degree, she a university professor.
(get, become)
3 The doctor you today if you first. (not see, not
phone)
4 If you that computer, you so much money. (choose,
not spend)
5 They Ali in if he a ticket. (not let, not have)
6 If I late for today’s meeting, they angry. (be, be)
7 You the bus if you very fast. (catch, run)
8 If we the whale, it extinct. (not protect, become)
9 You better if you your glasses. (see, put on)
10 If you all the ice cream, you sick. (eat, be)
11 They the game if they . (not win, not practise)
12 If he English, he a good job. (not learn, not get)
5 Complete the sentences with either the correct form of the verb or the noun formed from the
verb.
1 You your English if you practise a lot. (improve)
2 There were many in photography in the 19th century. (develop)
3 The to many problems involves creative thinking. (solve)
4 Louis Daguerre a practical way of taking photos. (discover)
5 The of computers in the 20th century changed the world. (invent)
6 People v with each other using the Internet. (communicate)
7 It is a of a printer and a photocopier. (combine)
8 This website by my school. (produce)

1 L isten to information about the history of animation. Then correct the information in the
following sentences.
1 Animation is a modern form of art.
2 The Magic Lantern was invented in the 1700s.
3 Today, the Magic Lantern is very advanced thanks to computer technology.
4 Only children are interested in animated films nowadays.
2 Do you watch animated films or cartoons? Which is your favourite? Why? Discuss the
questions in pairs.
80
Writing
Welcome to my laboratory. First, I’d like to tell you a few things about doing experimants in a
laboratory. The most commonly used tools are glasstubes and microskopes. An important thing to
remember is to be careful. If you will follow safety measures, nothing will go wrong. If you don’t
wear protective glasses or gloves, you are going to risk getting injured. Don’t forget to handle the
equipment carefully. If you didn’t, you will damage it. Don’t use any new equipment that you are
not trained on. It is also better not to work alone. Now do I show you my new discover?
2 Write about the best invention ever.

• What it is
• When and where you think it was invented
• What it does
• Why it is important
• What life would be like without it
81
Self-assessment answer key
Module 1: page 11, exercise 6 Module 4: page 50, exercise 1
3 1 b
4 2 a
2 3 b
1 4 c
5 b
Module 2: page 24, exercise 1 6 a
1 Bangladesh 7 c
2 India 8 b
3 Syria 9 c
4 China 10 a
5 Australia
6 Finland Module 4: page 50, exercise 2
7 Egypt (suggested answers)
8 Russia 2 Barbara should get good lighting for her desk.
9 Mexico 3 Jenny should make a weekly timetable.
4 Hassan should get some shelves for his books
Module 3: page 32, exercise 2 and files./He should clean his desk.
1 has made 5 Laila should check that she has supplies of the
2 has written things she needs./She should buy a pen-holder.
3 have met 6 Jamie should make sure there is room on his
4 have / has eaten desk for writing.
5 has found
6 have taken Module 5: page 57, exercise 6
7 has read 2 communication
8 has been 3 navigation
9 have heard 4 invention
5 distribution
Module 3: page 36, exercise 2 6 migration
1 for
2 since Module 5: page 57, exercise 7
3 for 1 Although we were tired
4 since 2 Although I was angry
5 since 3 Although he does a lot of exercise
6 for 4 Although Ruba’s older than her brother
5 Although it’s usually hot at this time
Module 3: page 37, exercise 5B
7 has worked Module 5: page 61, exercise 6
8 since 2 had to tidy their
9 has assisted 3 had to do their
10 has (also) had 4 had to lay
11 for 5 didn’t have to lay
12 has met
Module 6: page 69, exercise 7
Module 4: page 45, exercise 7 2 I’ll help you.
2 What are you doing tomorrow? 3 I’ll move it.
3 I’m sorry but I can’t come on Thursday. 4 I’ll clear the table.
4 I’m having my piano lesson. 5 I’ll lend you some.
5 No, we’re not. 6 I’ll call a taxi.
6 No, I’m not. 7 I’ll talk to her.
7 Would you like to come? 8 I’ll tidy it.
82
Audioscripts
Learning logs
Module 1 -Learning Log

1 Look at the outcomes on page 5 of the Students’ Book.
How did you find easy OK difficult

talking about sport and activities?
discussing the Olympics?
talking about the past?
giving opinions?
discussing topics related to Physical Education and

History?
2 Look back at Module 1.
How did you find Reference easy OK difficult

the reading passages? SB page 6
SB page 8
SB page 10
SB page 12
SB page 14
SB page 16
AB page 6
AB page 10
SB page 11
the listening and speaking exercises? SB page 17
AB page 11
AB page 15
the writing exercises? SB page 11
SB page 17
AB page 11
AB page 15
the pronunciation exercises? SB page 11
SB page 17
the project work? SB page 18
83
3 Write the new words that you learned in this module:
4 What do you think you need to revise?


making comparisons?
describing places?
describing objects?
talking about world records?
discussing topics related to Geography and History?

SB page 22
SB page 23
SB page 24
SB page 26
SB page 28
SB page 30
AB page 22
AB page 26
SB page 31
AB page 23
AB page 27
84
SB page 31
AB page 23
AB page 27
SB page 31


talking about experiences?
describing your life?
giving your opinions?
interviewing someone?
discussing topics related to Physical Education and

Science?
85

SB page 39
SB page 40
SB page 42
SB page 45
SB page 46
AB page 34
AB page 38
SB page 47
AB page 35
AB page 39
SB page 47
AB page 35
AB page 39
SB page 47
86

describing people?
talking about future plans?
agreeing and disagreeing?
making arrangements?
talking about the past?
discussing topics related to Social Studies and Science?

SB page 52
SB page 54
SB page 56
SB page 58
SB page 60
AB page 46
AB page 50
SB page 55
SB page 61
AB page 47
AB page 51
SB page 61
AB page 47
AB page 51
SB page 61
87


talking about likes and dislikes?
making guesses?
discussing the environment?
discussing advantages and disadvantages?
talking about things you had to do?
discussing topics related to Geography and Social Studies?

SB page 68
SB page 70
SB page 72
SB page 74
SB page 76
AB page 58
AB page 62
88
SB page 77
AB page 59
AB page 63
SB page 71
SB page 77
AB page 59
AB page 63
SB page 77


talking about decisions?
discussing future plans?
making and accepting offers?
discussing inventions?
talking about conditions?
discussing topics related to Science?
89

SB page 82
SB page 84
SB page 86
SB page 88
SB page 90
AB page 70
AB page 74
SB page 91
AB page 71
AB page 75
SB page 91
AB page 71
AB page 75
SB page 91
90
Irregular verbs
Infinitive Past simple Past participle
be was/were been
beat beat beaten
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got got
give gave given
go went gone/been
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
keep kept kept
know knew known
91
Infinitive Past simple Past participle
lay laid laid
lead led led
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
light lit lit
make made made
put put put
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
swim swam swum
take took taken
talk talked talked
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
write wrote written
92

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English for Syria

Julia Starr Keddle

‫تدقيق ومواءمة كتب اللغة اإلنكليزية‬

322 Old Brompton Road,

Maktabat El Nashr El Tarbawi El Souri

Omar El Mukhtar 2nd Str., Bldg. 6

New edition 2010

© York Press 2008

7 How do you feel about the destruction of

Name of environments Location Differences

freshwater environment rivers, ponds, lakes - still and flowing water

marine environment ocean - salty water

3 fossil c the part of an object that

Listening and speaking

Name of environments Location Differences

freshwater environment rivers, ponds, lakes - still and flowing water

marine environment ocean - salty water

7 You put special shoes on your feet. on a a traditional

7 Then answer it for yourself.

1 • Use the -ing form of verbs to make nouns.

8 Complete the advice with an -ing form

7 8 1 Walking every day is very good for you.

1 Read the article and find.

• five forms of transport 1 2 3 4 5

6 Put these sentences in the best position in the composition below.

Sport and my life

7 Make notes for a composition called Sport and my life.

8 Write out your composition.

not eat write give not win buy

1 Amer and his sister watched TV.

6 Where was your family yesterday at five

8 Complete the sentences.

Four litres of milk for £500 Traffic fine for policemen

1 In San Francisco a thief 3 In the Ukraine firemen

2 Find these words and match them with their definitions.

• The day we got some good news

1 Read the article and complete the table.

Sport Equipment and clothes

Canoeing life jacket,

2 Read the article again and write the sport.

What are you doing now?

1 you this test with a pen or a pencil now? (write)

2 What you at the moment? (wear)

3 What time you usually ? (get up)

4 you this test with a friend? (do)

5 you ice-cream? (like)

It (1) (be) the summer holidays. My dad is an architect and he

3 Write the -ing form or the infinitive.

1 We to Paris last year.

Listening and speaking

Name of sport Differences from today

Include information about:

• the time • sport or activities you did

sharks giraffes bears kangaroos 1 Saudi Arabia is bigger than Egypt. (big)

The World’s Weather

5 Read the email and complete the table.

The world has four oceans: the Pacific, the

1 Read the article and answer the questions.

Name The Great Umayyad Mosque

Different animals and plants live in different parts of a mountain. It is extremely

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

2 Write the words in the correct order.

3 Write the numbers in words.

freshwater environment rivers, ponds, lakes - still and flowing water

3 fossil c the part of an object that

freshwater environment rivers, ponds, lakes - still and flowing water

marine environment ocean - salty water

1 In San Francisco a thief 3 In the Ukraine firemen

A In the old days, the people who were