Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Efs G8 Ab PDF
Efs G8 Ab PDF
Intermediate
Activity Book
8
م2020-2019
حقوق التوزيع في الجمهورية العربية السورية
محفوظة للمؤسسة العامة للطباعة
4
4 acepnsau: 8 a sweet smelling brown substance used for
giving a special taste to cakes
5 deyrboak:
Reading
6 cdouly:
9 Answer the following questions.
7 Cross the odd word or phrase out. 1 Where can you find the Yellowstone
National Park?
1 daughter, aunt, pilot, sister
2 What is a famous site in the Yellowstone
2 camera, batteries, smartphone, computer
National Park?
game
3 Why is the pool called Morning Glory?
3 dish, camping stove, fuel, matches
4 What was the original colour of the pool?
4 supermarket, gift shop, clothes shop,
What colour is it now?
hospital
5 What caused this change of colour?
5 departure lounge, office, boarding gates,
6 Match the following words with their
security check point
meanings.
6 climate, global warming, water, drought
1 hot spring a the remains of prehistoric
8 Solve the crossword puzzle. plants and animals
preserved in rocks
5s 2 vibrant b different
1e
4
6s 7s 8c 3 fossil c the part of an object that
is far from its centre
4 edge d place where hot water
comes up naturally from
the ground
5 unusual e bright and strong
Answer Key
3n
1 in the states of Wyoming, Montana and
1 showing a lot of interest in something Idaho in the US
2 a type of clothing worn by some students 2 the morning Glory Pool
and people in certain jobs 3 because it looks like a flower called
3 a person who gives directions for the route morning glory
of a ship 4 The original colour was blue. Now the pool
4 someone who is from Egypt is green with yellow and orange edges.
5 when the weather has strong winds, heavy 5 trash and coins thrown by humans, which
rain and dark clouds caused bacteria to grow and create yellow
6 a soft material made by silkworms, used to and orange rings
make clothes 6 1d, 2e, 3a, 4c, 5 b
7 something you use to wash your hands and 7 Student’s answer
body 8 Student’s answer
5
Listening and speaking
10 Listen to this scientist talking about water environments. Then complete the table.
Freshwater environments can be found in rivers, ponds, and lakes. They are classified by different
aspects, including temperature, light penetration, nutrients and vegetation. They are also divided
into two classes; lentic ecosystems where water is still, like in a lake and lotic ecosystems where
water flows, like in a river. These environments are home to different types of fish, insects and
underwater plants. Many birds like ducks also live near freshwater sources. Some of the threats that
face this environment include pollution, dams and invasion by exotic species. Marine environments
are different because they contain salt water and are much bigger than freshwater environments.
They include the ocean where the largest mammals live. Coral reefs are another type of marine
environment. Although they only occupy 0.1% of the world’s ocean area, they are home to more
than 25% of all marine species. However, up to 70% of coral reefs are now endangered due to
global warming.
Answer Key
Name of environments Location Characteristics
11 Which kind of water environment do you prefer? Can you name any types of fish that live in
it?
Yellowstone National Park is the oldest and one of the largest
national parks in the United States. It was selected as a World
Heritage Site in 1978. It is located in three states – Wyoming,
Montana and Idaho, in a region where volcanoes and
earthquakes have been active for millions of years. The park
has three mountain ranges, in addition to fossil forests, a black
volcanic glass mountain and some unusual formations. It is also
known for its beautiful lakes and rivers. Its largest body of water is
the Yellowstone Lake. It is also home to more than 1300 kinds of
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plants and more than 60 types of mammals. One of its main attractions is the Morning Glory Pool,
which is a hot spring. It was named after the morning glory flower that it looks like. The pool was
known for its vibrant blue colour. But today, it has a different colour because of the trash and coins
humans have thrown inside it. The trash reduced the heat of the pool and caused bacteria to grow
on its edges, which created yellow and orange rings around the now green water.
12 Answer the following questions.
1 Where can you find the Yellowstone National Park?
2 What is a famous site in the Yellowstone National Park?
3 Why is the pool called Morning Glory?
4 What was the original colour of the pool? What colour is it now?
5 What caused this change of colour?
6 Watch the following words with their meanings.
1 hot spring a small living things that
can cause disease
2 vibrant b bright and strong
13 Match the sentences 1–10 with the sentences a–j so that they make sense.
1 I like watching adventure films.
2 I love playing computer games. What about you?
3 When is your doctor’s appointment?
4 How much time will your flight take?
5 Are you following my directions carefully?
6 I’m not sure what to order from the menu.
7 I think this shop is too expensive.
8 What’s your ideal job?
9 She is shy but very friendly.
10 What do you like to do in your free time?
a We need about three hours to get to our destination.
b It’s at 2 pm. I shouldn’t be late.
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c I agree. She’s very nice and I enjoy her company.
d I agree. But their products have good quality.
e Me too, but I prefer comedy.
f I think you should ask the waiter what he recommends.
g I sometimes ride my bike. I also like reading.
h I like watching films on my DVD player.
i I’d like to work in the field of medicine, so maybe I’ll be a doctor or a nurse.
j Not really! Did you tell to take the first left or right?
Answer Key
Name of environments Location Characteristics
12 Which kind of water environment do you prefer? Can you name any types of fish that live in
it?
8
Writing
15 Read the following text and find three grammar mistakes and three spelling mistakes. Rewrite
the correct text below.
Today’s wether report says that it will be stormy tomorrow. It will rain heavily, especially on the cost.
There is warnings that this may cause floding. People should drive carefully. Any schools in the most
affected areas will close. Make sure to listen to the news to be informed. You must panic. Just make
sure you stay safe.
16 Write a paragraph in your notebook about yourself. Include the following information.
• your family
• your friends
• your free time
• your school life
• the celebrations you enjoy the most
• your plan for the following five years
9
1
Module 1 Social activities
Sporting life
Language practice 2 Write two sentences about each person.
Wissam plays football twice a week. Today
1 Match the descriptions of the sports with
he is doing football practice.
the pictures. Write the names of the sports.
1 You throw a long thin object as far as Favourite
How often Today
possible. activity
2 You run very fast for a short distance.
twice a football
Wissam football
week practice
3 You put long objects on your feet and you
go down snowy hills. at the
Lubna drawing a portrait
weekend
4 You play this game in a team and throw the
ball in a basket. every read a book
Maher chess
5 You use a machine with pedals. You push evening about chess
the pedals with your feet. a game with
once a
6 You have to jump very high. Hani tennis
week a friend
10
5 Complete the crossword. 7 Do you the computer for
more than an hour a day?
Across Down 8 Do you do aerobic
1 2 1 3 exercise?
9 Do you go ?
7 4 5 10 Do you reading or running?
6
11
Skills development
Reading
A symbol of friendship
The Olympic flame is the symbol of the Olympic Games and of friendship
between nations. Athletes and famous people take the flame from Ancient
Olympia in Greece to the city hosting the Opening Ceremony of the games.
But the torch doesn’t always travel with a runner. In 1948, it crossed the
English Channel by boat, and it first travelled by plane to Helsinki in 1952.
In 2000, scuba divers carried a special torch underwater in Australia. Other
forms of transport include a camel in Cairo, an elephant in Delhi and a
tram in Rio de Janeiro.
In 2004, the torch took a journey all round the world for the first time.
It lasted 78 days and covered a distance of more than 78,000 kilometres.
More than 3,600 people carried the torch. The torch visited all previous Olympic cities before
it returned to Athens for the Summer Olympics. It travelled to Africa and South America for the first
time, and about 260 million people saw the torch during its journey!
It is a great honour to be the final torch carrier. The carrier is kept secret until the day – it is
usually a sports celebrity from the host country. He or she runs towards the Olympic bowl and uses
the torch to light the Olympic flame. Sometimes the people who light the fire aren’t famous, but
they represent Olympic ideals. In Montreal in 1976, two teenagers, one from the French-speaking
part of the country and one from the English-speaking part, lit the fire. They symbolised the unity
of their country.
2 Read the article and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 Only Olympic athletes are allowed to carry the torch.
2 The torch first travelled by plane in 1948.
3 Scuba divers always carry the Olympic flame in Australia.
4 In 2004 the torch took a world trip for the first time.
5 The torch went to more than 10,000 cities.
6 Two hundred and sixty million people saw the torch in South America.
7 Athletes don’t want to be the final torch carriers.
8 Two Canadian teenagers lit the Olympic flame in 1976.
3 These are some of the cities the 2004 torch visited. Match them with their countries.
1 Montreal 6 Rome a Russia f the USA
2 New York 7 Moscow b Spain g Brazil
3 Paris 8 Madrid c Australia h Egypt
4 Rio de Janeiro 9 Tokyo d Italy i Canada
5 Cairo 10 Sydney e Japan j France
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Listening and speaking
4 L isten to a psychologist talking about the importance of mental strength in sports. Then
answer the questions below.
1 Do you agree that competitive sports can be stressful? Give examples.
2 Can you think of a way for athletes to help them deal with stress and handle pressure?
5 Do you like playing sports for fun or do you prefer to compete in sports events? Why? Work in
groups and share your ideas.
Writing
Paragraph 1: Describe the sports you do and how often you do them.
Paragraph 2: Talk about an achievement or something you would like to do.
Paragraph 3: Describe how you keep fit each day, e.g. run up the stairs, etc.
Paragraph 4: Talk about why you keep fit and why it is good for you.
Help Box
• Use the notes you made.
• Divide your work into paragraphs.
• Think about your reader: add interesting details about your life.
• Make your opening eye-catching: My life would be very different without sport.
• Conclude with a sentence that says something about what you think.
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2
Module 1 Social activities
In the past
Language practice Help Box
• Use the past continuous for an action that
Help Box was in progress in the past for a period of
• Use the past simple to talk about completed time.
actions in the past. I was playing tennis yesterday morning (for
Yesterday I saw a good film. two hours).
1 Write what they did yesterday. Use the 4 Look at yesterday’s timetable and complete
past simple form of these verbs. the sentences.
15
Skills development
Reading
1 Match the headlines with the stories.
16
Listening and speaking
5 L isten to this reporter telling an interesting story about a young girl. Then answer the
questions below.
1 What did the young girl discover? How old was it?
2 Why did the experts ask the young girl not to tell anyone about the sword?
6 Do you know any surprising or unusual stories that happened to you or someone you know?
Work in pairs and share them with your partner.
Writing
7 Write a story about a day in your life.
8 First study the information (1–6) in the Help box above. Then find this information in the story
below. Underline each piece of information and put the correct number by it.
I will never forget the day I broke my arm. It was a beautiful day last
September (1) and I was at the swimming pool with my friends. They were swimming
in the pool and I decided to dive in.
Unfortunately, I was too close to the edge of the pool and my arm hit the side. I
felt a terrible pain in my arm but I didn’t realise how badly hurt I was. I tried to swim
and couldn’t move my arm. I was scared and the life guard helped me out. All my
friends were very worried about me.
An ambulance took me to the hospital and my family came to see me. Then the
doctor did an X-ray and put my arm in plaster. The X-ray was strange because I
could see my bones! Having a broken arm wasn’t too bad though – I could still go to
school and see my friends.
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Module 1 Progress test
Reading
Watersports
There are different kinds of watersports ranging from swimming to sailing round the world in a yacht.
Canoeing is a very popular sport and is easy to learn. Safety is important and you always wear a life
jacket and a helmet in a canoe. You can canoe slowly on calm rivers and lakes, or go very fast down rivers in
mountain areas.
In surfing you ride on a surfboard. You stand on the surfboard and the waves carry you to the beach. At
first you fall off the board a lot, but when you learn the skills it is very exciting.
Sailing is fun, and the most popular sailing boats are very small and fast. These boats only have one
room for one or two people. Some sailing boats are very big and expensive. They take part in long races
around the world. They are very fast and need about 14 people to sail them. It is important to wear a life
jacket while sailing.
Jet-skiing is very exciting, but it takes a long time to learn the skills. It is easy to fall off, as it jumps up
and down on the water. It is a high-speed sport and you need to wear special clothes, gloves, shoes, and a
helmet to do it.
You don’t have to be a good swimmer to scuba-dive, but you do have to train. Scuba-diving isn’t very
dangerous, but when you go into the sea you should always dive with other people. You wear a mask and a
special suit, and you carry oxygen. People scuba-dive to see fish and plants under water.
surfboard
Sailing
special clothes,
Jet-skiing
,
Scuba-diving , , oxygen
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Language practice
1 Write questions and answers. Use the present simple or the present continuous.
2 Complete the text. Use the past simple or the past continuous.
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5 Complete these sentences with the past simple form of these verbs.
hear drink win find go invite
2 shining the yesterday Was sun ?
3 o’clock were doing you eight at night last What ?
4 saying you were to teacher What the ?
5 you yesterday Were jeans wearing ?
6 in watching Why were TV you morning the ?
7 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or the past continuous.
1 While Amer (work), his brother (go) to the shops.
2 Mrs Al Halabi (sleep) when the thief (break) the
window.
3 While they (watch) TV, the police (knock) at their
door.
4 Luckily we (not play) chess when my baby sister
(fall) on the chess board!
5 You (not eat) dinner when I (call) you on my mobile.
6 While they (ride) their bikes, the accident (happen).
2 What kind of active games did you play as a child? Do you know of any old ones that your
parents used to play when they were children?
20
Writing
1 Read the following text and find four grammar mistakes and four spelling mistakes. Rewrite
the correct text below.
There are different types of exersice and sport that make specific body parts stronger. You needed to
choose one that suits your needs. For example, cycling was good for the heart. It is also using all the
major musles in your body. If you live in the mountains where you have a snowy winter, you can
go snowbording or skying. Both activities were being fun and can help improve your balance and
flexibility.
2 Write an email to your pen-friend. Tell him or her what you did yesterday.
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3
Module 2 Places and records
Amazing world
Language practice Steven Edward Jack Thomas
Age 11 12 13 10
1 Write the university subjects.
Weight 45 kg 51 kg 56 kg 40 kg
1 The study of the languages people in Height 1.54 m 1.57 m 1.63 m 1.52 m
other countries speak. f oreign l anguages
2 The study of events in the past. 2 Compare the people in the table above.
h Use old, young, short, tall, heavy, light.
3 The study of physics, chemistry or biology.
1 Steven is younger than Jack. (age)
s
4 The study of numbers, quantities and 2 Edward is than
Thomas. (weight)
shapes. m
5 The science of treating illness. 3 Jack is than Edward.
(age)
m
6 The study of designing and making 4 Edward is than Jack.
(height)
buildings. a
7 The study of novels, plays and poetry. 5 Thomas is than Steven.
(weight)
l
8 The study of the past, by looking at things 3 Compare these things.
we find in the ground. a 1 Lions / cats (dangerous)
9 The study of buying and selling, and Lions are more dangerous than cats.
economics. b 2 a Mercedes car / a Mini car (big)
10 The study of computers.
c s 3 giraffes / elephants (tall)
Help Box
4 text messages / emails (short)
• One-syllable adjectives:
warm + er = warmer
5 August / December (hot)
• Two-syllable adjectives ending in -ow
and -er:
6 a computer / a mobile phone (expensive)
clever + er = cleverer
• Adjectives ending in -le:
gentle + r = gentler 4 Study the table and write sentences in
• Adjectives ending in consonant + -y: your notebook.
happy + -ier = happier
Fadia Ruba
• Two-syllable adjectives or more:
plays tennis ✓✓✓ ✓
more + helpful = more helpful
uses a computer ✓ ✓✓✓
more + interesting = more interesting
• Irregular adjectives: speaks English ✓✓✓ ✓✓
good = better bad = worse draws ✓✓ ✓✓✓
far = further / farther cooks ✓ ✓✓✓
Fadia is better at playing tennis than Ruba
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5 Complete these sentences with a suitable 7 Complete each sentence to mean the same
animal. as the one above it.
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Skills development
Reading
1 Read the article and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 There are seasons because the Earth is tilted.
2 The days are short in an Arctic summer.
3 Rain falls when the sun is close to the Earth’s poles.
4 When the water in clouds becomes cold, ice forms.
5 Hurricanes can be very dangerous.
2 Match the beginnings and ends of sentences.
1 There are cold climates a and water vapour rises.
2 You get summer in regions b is different.
3 The sun heats the sea c in a storm.
4 Every snow flake d near the poles.
5 You often get thunder and lightning e facing the sun.
24
Listening and speaking
3 L isten to a scientist explaining what a mirage is and how it forms. Then answer the
questions below.
1 Does light always travel with the same speed? What affects its speed?
2 When can we see a mirage?
4 Have you ever seen an interesting weather event (a dust storm, a thunderstorm, a rainbow, a
mirage, etc.)? Work in pairs describing the event.
Writing
Canada Syria
Population
Currency
Size
Capital city
Other big city
Climate
Leisure activities
Main industries
- t akes five to six days to cross by train
Interesting facts - two parts, one English-speaking and one French-speaking
- trees cover 35% of Canada
Dear Wissam,
I am writing to tell you about my country. Canada is a big country with a
population of about 40 million people. It takes five to six days to travel
across it by train! In fact, the only country that is bigger than Canada is
Russia. Canada is very beautiful.
There are two parts to Canada - one is French-speaking and one is English-
speaking. There are about 7 million people in the French region. The capital
of Canada is Ottawa and another large city is Montreal. The currency is the
Canadian dollar.
The climate in Canada is very cold in the winter. In fact there are very
large areas without people because it is too cold.
People enjoy outdoor activities here. There are lots of forests, mountains and
lakes and we go out walking, sailing, canoeing and camping.
Trees cover 35% of my country and we make a lot of wood products and paper.
We also grow a lot of wheat (you make bread from it). There are a lot of other
industries in my country - we make cars and machines.
I hope you enjoyed reading about my country. Write soon and tell me about
yours. Is it similar to Canada or different?
Best wishes,
Help
Barry
• Use
6 Write an email about Syria in your notebook. First complete the table above with information. • Mak
Then write your email to Barry
25
4
Module 2 Places and records
World records
Language practice Help Box
• One-syllable adjectives:
1 What countries are being described? warm + est = the warmest
Choose from: • Two-syllable adjectives ending in
-ow and -er:
India Syria China Egypt Finland
Russia Australia Mexico Bangladesh clever + est = the cleverest
• Adjectives ending in -le:
gentle + st = gentlest
1 It is close to India. Its capital is Dhaka.
• Adjectives ending in consonant + -y:
Commonly spoken languages are Banga
happy + iest = the happiest
and English.
• Two-syllable adjectives or more:
2 It is a huge country with a population of
most + helpful = the most helpful
over 1.3 billion. Its capital is New Delhi.
most + interesting = the most interesting
Commonly spoken languages are Hindi
• Irregular adjectives:
and English. good = the best bad = the worst
3 It is an Arab country, south of Turkey. Its far = the furthest / farthest
population is over 18 million. Its capital
is Damascus. Its currency is the Syrian
Lira. Its commonly spoken language is 2 Complete the Factfile with the superlative
Arabic. form of the adjectives or the most.
4 It is a huge country. It has a population
long large old fast deep expensive
of over 1.4 billion. Its capital is Beijing.
World Records!
5 It is the only country that is also a
1 Egypt has 1,500km of the Nile, the
continent. It is between the Pacific and
longest river in the world.
Indian Oceans. Its main language is
2 China has man-made
English.
structure in the world – the Great Wall. It
6 It is in Northern Europe between
is 460 km long! China is also
Sweden and Russia. Commonly spoken
populated country in the world.
languages are Finnish and Swedish.
3 Australia has one of
landscapes in the world, created over
7 It is in North Eastern Africa. It has a
millions of years.
population of about 100 million. Its
4 People in Finland drink
capital is Cairo. Its commonly spoken
coffee in the world.
language is Arabic.
5 Mexico has -growing capital
8 Its capital is Moscow. It has a population
city in the world.
of about 150 million. Its currency is the
6 Russia is country, and Lake
ruble.
Baikal in Russia is lake.
9 It is south of the United States. It has
7 Tokyo is capital city in the
a population of over 100 million. Its
world. It costs more to live there than
capital has a population of about 25
any other city.
million!
26
3 Write the shape of the objects. Choose from:
square triangular diamond-shaped rectangular round pointed
rectangular
Help Box
• Adjectives have a special order. Look at the table.
Qualities
Opinion Size (colour, age, Origin Material Noun
shape, etc.)
beautiful old hills
important cultural crossroads
narrow gorge
large blue square room
huge Nabatean theatre
Greek sculptures
fantastic decorated sandstone tombs
• We don’t usually use more than two adjectives.
A friendly old man.
4 Decide if the descriptions are correct or incorrect. Then correct the wrong ones.
1 A French new car ✗ A new French car
2 A difficult English sentence
3 A green tall tree
4 A Chinese narrow street
5 Her lovely red coat
6 A cultural important building
7 A beautiful decorated box
8 An ancient wonderful tomb
9 My German clever friend
10 My favourite illustrated book
27
Skills development
Reading
Ocean facts
Did you know that two thirds of the world’s
surface is covered by oceans and seas? Did you
also know that 97% of the Earth’s water is in the
sea?
28
Listening and speaking
3 L isten to this conversation between two friends. Then complete the gaps in the following
sentences with one word.
1 Salar de Uyuni is located in .
2 The clouds are only a of the sky on the water.
3 3 This piece of land is covered in .
4 4 When it rains, the clear water makes it look like a .
4 Have you ever seen a picture or heard of a wonderful place that made you want to visit it?
Work in pairs, talking about what made it look or sound so special.
Writing
5 Read the composition and complete the table. Write notes.
An important place to visit is the Great Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria. It is one
of the most important mosques in the world. It is a very old building and an important holy
place for all people. Caliph Walid built it during the Umayyad era, 601-750 CE. Nur Ed-Din
rebuilt it in 1169 after a disastrous fire.
I was impressed by the size of the mosque and the wonderful ancient things I saw.
The architecture of the mosque is magnificent. There are three beautiful minarets, decorated
domes, magnificent old mosaics and a fifteenth-century wooden minbar. People also come to
visit the tomb of Saint John the Baptist, also known as prophet Yahya.
I visited the Great Umayyad Mosque last year with my family. I will never forget it.
6 Create an adjective table, like the one on page 21, in your notebook. Complete the table with
the underlined phrases.
7 Now plan and write about a building, museum or archaeological site you know.
Help Box
• Make notes about: where it is, who built it, what you can see, and when you visited it.
• Think about some of the things to see. How can you describe them? For some of them use more
than one adjective.
29
Module 2 Progress test
Reading
Mountains
A mountain is an area of land over 600m high. Mountains are millions of years
old. The biggest mountain ranges in the world are the European Alps, the Andes in
South America, the Rockies in North America, and the Himalayas in Asia.
In the middle zone of a mountain, a lot of evergreen trees grow. They are called
evergreen because they keep their leaves all year round. The conditions get easier
there and more types of wild animals can survive, such as deer, wolves, hawks, bears,
birds and wild cats.
At the bottom of mountains, it is not so cold. Since the climate is not as extreme,
many animals and plants live there, including trees which lose their leaves in winter.
People also build towns and villages here.
Mountains can be very difficult and dangerous to cross and climb because of the
snow and ice. Mount Everest in the Himalayas is the highest mountain in the world at
8,850m high. Edmund Hilary and his guide Tenzing Norgay were the first people to
reach the top in 1953.
There is a lot of human activity on mountains. Tourists visit mountains for the
beautiful scenery and skiing, farmers look after their animals, people grow trees for
wood, and governments collect water for towns and cities.
30
Language practice
1 Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjective and than.
1 I think that science is geography. (interesting)
2 Your computer is my computer. (good)
3 This question is the last one. (easy)
4 Andrew is Peter. (young)
5 My dad’s new car is his old one. (safe)
6 Your camera is mine. (expensive)
7 The museum is the town hall. (old)
8 This cake is that one. (delicious)
9 English is Latin. (useful)
10 The train is the bus. (quick)
2 found blue I small a stone
3 many has theatres decorated Syria large
4 minister an The cultural attended event important
5 a ancient beautiful He discovered building
6 scarf bought a She cotton pretty
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4 Complete the dialogues with the superlative form of the adjectives.
1 A: Why do you come to school by bus?
B: It’s (fast) way.
2 A: It’s hotter today than yesterday.
B: Yes, today is (hot) day of the year.
3 A: Why did you buy that computer?
B: Because it was (powerful) one in the shop.
4 A: Which painting do you prefer?
B: That one. It’s got (good) colours.
5 A: What’s (beautiful) city in the world?
B: I think it’s Paris.
6 A: How is your new computer game?
B: It’s great. But it’s (complicated) game I have.
7 A: What was (difficult) question in the test?
B: I think it was the True-False exercise.
8 A: This notebook only cost 10p.
B: Yes, it’s (cheap) one I found in the market.
5 Complete the text with as ... as ... or the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.
My brother Munzer and I are twins. In some ways we’re similar but in others we’re different. I’m
not (1) (tall) Munzer but I’m (2) (thin) than him.
It’s strange – he’s (3) (muscular) but I’m (4) (fit). I
suppose it’s because I do more exercise. When we go swimming together I can swim
(5) (fast) than him, but I’m not (6) (good) him
at diving. He can dive from the high board.
I’m (7) (intelligent) him, but each is intelligent in different ways. I usually
get better grades, but I’m not (8) (artistic) Munzer. He’s very good at drawing
and painting. He’s the best in the class at writing stories, too. But Munzer is not
(9) (scientific) me. And he can’t play computer games. I’m much
(10) (good) than him in this field.
2 Are there any famous natural landscapes in your country? Work in pairs, describing one of
them.
32
Writing
1 Read the following text and find four grammar mistakes and four spelling mistakes. Rewrite
the correct text below.
In our sience class, we learned about animals in Africa. Africa is home to many unique various
animals and some of them cannot be found on other continents. One of them is the jiraffe, which is
the taller animal in the world. The elefant is another African animal that can also be found in Asia.
But the African ones have biggest ears than the Asian ones. There are two types of rinoceros in
Africa – white and black. But the black ones aren’t big as the white ones.
2 Write about five things in your town. Write a second sentence to add more information.
Example
The largest shop in my town is the department store in the shopping mall. My favourite department is
the computer department because I love computers.
My town
The largest shop in my town
33
5
Module 3 Experiences
Life events
Language practice 6 You lots of photos.
(take)
Help Box 7 Maya a book by an
English author. (read)
• Past participles of regular verbs:
play + ed = played 8 Anas to Europe. (go)
• It is useful to learn the past simple and the 9 I that song. (hear)
past participles of irregular verbs together:
fly flew flown make made made 3 Complete the sentences with the correct
take took taken present perfect form of these verbs:
• Use the present perfect to talk about
experiences when you don’t say exactly go (x2) see fly visit sleep give speak
when:
I have visited Europe.
I haven’t visited Europe. 1 Salah has slept in a tent. ✓
Have you visited Europe? 2 We the museum in our town. ✓
• Be careful with the verb go. It has two past 3 They to a famous person. ✓
participles: been and gone. 4 She to Spain. ✗
• been: I’ve been to France. 5 Simon and Tom in an aeroplane. ✗
NOT I’ve gone to France. 6 I money to charity. ✗
• gone: H e’s gone to the supermarket. 7 I to Disneyland. ✓
(he hasn’t come back, he’s still there) 8 You sunset over the ruins of
Palmyra. ✓
1 Underline the correct verb form. 4 OVER TO YOU. Write question and
personal answers.
1 I have / has written a poem.
2 They has / have visited a science museum. 1 dive from a board?
3 We has / have taken a yoga class. Have you ever dived from
a board?
4 Jonathan has / have eaten octopus.
Yes, I have.
5 You has / have seen a film in English.
6 He has / have cooked dinner. 2 go on a roller coaster?
34
Help Box 6 Complete the dialogues. Use short answers
• Start a conversation with a question in the and the present perfect or the past simple
present perfect. Then continue with the forms of the verbs.
past simple.
1
A: Have you ever seen the Pyramids?
A: H
ave you ever been (go)
B: Yes, I have. I was on holiday with my to a theme park?
family.
B: Yes, I have. It was (be)
• Tell someone about your experiences. Start fantastic.
with the present perfect and then continue A: When you (go)?
with the past simple.
B: I (go) two months ago when I
A: I’ve ridden a horse. It was last year (be) on holiday.
when I went to a summer camp.
A: What you (do)?
B: I (go) on the Big Dipper. It
5 OVER TO YOU. Look at the pictures and (be) exciting!
write sentences about you.
2
1 I’ve slept in a tent. It A: you ever
was two years ago on a (have) an
school trip. accident?
B: Yes, I I (have) a
car accident last year.
2 A: How terrible! What (happen)?
B: I (be) in a taxi and a bus
(hit) us.
A: (be) everyone OK?
B: Yes, they , but it
3 (be) a bit frightening.
3
A: your
brother ever
4 (go) abroad?
B: Yes, he . He (go)
to France last summer.
A: Why he (go) to
France?
5 B: He (go) to Paris with the
school orchestra.
A: he (enjoy)
himself?
6 B: Yes, he . And he
(like) Paris very much.
A: What (be) the best thing?
B: He (go) to the top of the Eiffel
Tower. He (take) some nice
7 photos.
35
Skills development
Reading
World pen-friends
My name’s Waleed and I’m from Syria. We’ve lived in our apartment in Damascus for three
years. Before that we lived in Tartous. I haven’t travelled much but I’ve been to Turkey to visit relatives.
I’ve also visited the historical sites in Syria and I’ve been to Lattakia. I would like to have new friends
from all over the world. My hobbies are playing computer games, video games and football. I speak
English and Arabic.
Hello, I’m Akira and I live in Japan. My family have lived here for ten years. I actually come from the USA.
We’ve lived in the same house for ten years. I love it here. I’ve known my best friend for four years – we met
at school. My hobbies are painting and drawing. I like learning languages, and I speak Japanese, English and
Arabic. It’s great to have a friend from a different country.
Hi! I’m Ahmed. I’m from the United Arab Emirates. At the moment we’re living there, but we’ve
also lived abroad. We’ve travelled a lot because my father is an engineer, and he has worked in different
countries. So we’ve lived in Australia and the USA. I’ve been to three different schools. I’ve enjoyed all
these different places, but I prefer being here. I speak Arabic, French, English and Spanish. My hobbies
are music and photography. I love meeting new people.
Hello! My name’s Eshana. I’m from England. I live in London with my family. They are originally from India.
I love living in London – you meet people from all over the world. For example, my best friend’s family is from
Morocco. Her name is Rita and I’ve known her since I was five years old. We both enjoy sports and music. I’ve
never been abroad but next year we’re going to India to see my relatives. I speak Hindi, a little Arabic and English.
I’m waiting for your email!
36
Listening and speaking
2 Listen to a girl talking about her pen-friend. Then complete the table.
Maya Anna
3 Work in pairs. Do you have any pen-friends? If so, tell your partner about them. If not,
imagine that you have one and tell your partner about them.
Writing
4 Write an entry for the World Pen-friends website.
• your name
• where you are from
• where you live, how long you have lived there
• what you think of your hometown
• where you have been abroad, or in your country
• what your hobbies are
• what languages you speak
37
6
Module 3 Experiences
How we live
Language practice Help Box
• Use the present perfect to talk about actions
1 Find the things in the word square and
and situations that started in the past and
write them beside the pictures.
continue up to the present.
They’ve lived in that house for three years.
S P V A B O W L
• Use for with a period of time.
D O V S A W E N I’ve been here for two years.
S T A T U E O C • Use for with time expressions such as:
fifteen minutes, a day, a month, a year, etc.
M C S T R R M O • Use since with a specific date or time.
U J E N J E I I He’s lived there since 2014.
• Use since with time expressions such as:
L U T I Y E S N
Yesterday, last week, Monday, April, etc.
B G A B E A D S • Use since only with the present perfect.
• Use for with the present perfect or the past
simple.
1
2 Complete the sentences with for or
since.
2
1 Louise has been in this room three
hours.
3 2 We’ve run this website 2015.
3 They’ve had their house two years.
4 You’ve been my friend I was a
4 child.
5 The museum has had fifteen thousand
visitors April.
5 6 I’ve had this headache five hours.
3 Complete the sentences. Use for or since
and the present perfect.
6
1 I’ve been (be) in this room for half an hour.
2 We (not have) any food
7 breakfast time.
3 A: ‘How long you (be) here?’
B: ‘ two hours.’
4 Laila (not spend) much money
last week.
5 Firas (have) a headache this
morning.
38
4 OVER TO YOU. Write sentences about you, B
your family and your life. Add since or for. Mona (7) (work) as a volunteer
(8) 2000. Throughout her career
You can change the time expression if
necessary. she (9) (assist) people with
special needs in different parts of the country.
Most of her work involves helping children
and adults who have a physical or mental
disability, but sometimes she (10)
(also have) to spend time with old people
who need support in their daily lives. Mona
has been travelling around the country
(11) several years. Because of
her job, she (12) (meet) many
amazing people.
39
Skills development
Reading
1 Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) of false (F).
1 Aldrin was the second man to set foot on the moon. T
2 Three astronauts flew in the Apollo 11.
3 The Apollo 11 flew straight to the moon and landed on it.
4 Armstrong and Aldrin collected 380 kg of moon soil and rocks.
5 The Command Module landed on the moon and collected Armstrong and Aldrin.
6 Some astronauts drove a vehicle called a moon buggy to the moon.
7 The programme to send astronauts to the moon stopped in 1972.
40
Listening and speaking
3 Listen to a scientist talking about a new space discovery. Then circle the correct answers.
1 Scientists are always trying to find evidence of water on
a other planets b Earth c the moon
2 A few years ago, scientists found on Mars.
a liquid water b evidence c ice
3 The ice found on the moon was on the parts of the moon.
a sunniest b darkest c oldest
4 There was more ice in the of the moon.
a south pole b bigger pole c north pole
4 Are you interested in space. Are you always up-to-date about the latest findings? Work in
pairs, telling your partner about a recent space discovery.
Writing
5 Write a short biography.
Interview your mother or father using these questions. Make notes in English.
• When and where were you born?
41
Module 3 Progress test
Reading
1 Read the article and match the space technology with the modern development.
space aeroplanes better technology computer everyday invent
42
Language practice
1 Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect form of these verbs.
2 Complete the dialogues. Use short answers and the present perfect or the past simple forms of
the verbs.
43
3 Complete the text. Use for, since and the present perfect.
My name’s Ahmed Al-Nouri and I’m an archaeologist.
I (1) (do) this job (2) five
years now. It’s very enjoyable. We (3) (work)
on this dig in Al-Ghubb, UAE, (4) March. It’s
the birth place of the famous fifteenth-century explorer, Ibn
Majid. We (5) (find) houses and gardens.
It’s hard work. I (6) (not have) a cold drink
and I (7) (not watch) TV (8)
months. The days are very long. I (9) (be)
here (10) six o’clock this morning, and I
(11) (not have) a break (12)
four hours!
4 Circle the correct expression.
1 I’ve been here since six o’clock / three hours.
2 I’ve had this book for last October / two years.
3 We’ve lived here since I was born / twelve years.
4 I haven’t seen my friend for two days / Monday.
5 She’s worked in that shop for 2017 / two years.
6 My father hasn’t played football since he was at school / ten years.
7 He’s known his friend for last summer / six months.
8 Ruba hasn’t taken any photos since last summer / three months.
5 Rewrite the sentences with the verbs in brackets.
I bought this computer game last year. (have / for)
I’ve had this computer game for a year.
1 They heard the exam results two weeks ago. (know / for)
Rings’ length
Year of discovery
Number of rings
Names of rings
44
7 Which of the eight planets are you most interested to learn about? Do you know any facts
about other planets? Share your ideas in groups.
Writing
1 Read the following text and find four grammar mistakes and four spelling mistakes. Rewrite
the correct text below.
Did you ever travelled before? I haven’t travelled since two years. The last time I travelled, I went to
France to visit my uncle. I have been very excited. I asked my parents many questions. I learned that
there is a specific weit you can carry in your luggage. They have once made my father pay money
for carrying more than he is allowed. I also learned that the time it takes us to arrive to a place
depends on the distence. Our flight was three ours long. I had the best time of my life in France. I
visited a lot of interesting places, mostly museums. I especially loved the status.
2 Write eight sentences about your experiences. You can use the situations below or make up
your own.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
45
7
Module 4 Keeping in touch
careful fluent happy quick quiet sudden
3 long / short hair 3 4
1 My mother speaks four languages fluently.
4 fair / dark hair 2 The train stopped and I fell over.
3 The teacher waited until we were sitting
Help Box
4 The man was driving the car too
• Use the present continuous to talk about fixed 5 The children were laughing and playing
plans and arrangements. with their toys.
I’m playing football tomorrow afternoon. 6 Please hold this vase It’s fragile.
• Use the present continuous with time
expressions such as tonight, tomorrow, next
week, etc.
46
5 Look at the programme for Mr and Mrs 7 Complete the dialogues with these
Sage’s holiday in Syria. Then write expressions.
questions and answers.
Damascus City Tour I’m sorry but I can’t come on
Thursday. I’m having my piano lesson.
10.00 Guide meet you at Are you going? Would you like to
hotel in Damascus come? What are you doing tomorrow?
10.30 Visit The Great No, we’re not. No, I’m not.
Umayyad Mosque
11.30 Have lunch in an A
old town restaurant Ahmed: When is Qatar playing Germany?
1.30 Go up Mount Maher: On Wednesday.
Kassioun by taxi Ahmed : (1) Are you going?
4.30 Have a tour of Damascus in a Maher: Yes, I am. I’m going with my father.
coach B
6.00 Visit Souk Al-Hamidiyah
Hind: (2)
1 What time / the guide / meet / them Leen: I’m going to the school open day.
A: What time is the guide meeting them? Hind: Oh dear. I forgot!
B: He’s meeting them at ten o’clock. C
2 Where / they / meet Matthew: Hi, Richard.
A: Richard: Hello. How are you?
B: They Matthew: Fine. (3)
3 What / they / visit / 10.30 a.m. Richard: Oh, why not?
Matthew: (4)
A: Richard: Another time, then.
B: They D
4 Where / they / have lunch Amanda: Are you and your sister doing
A: anything tomorrow?
B: Sophie: (5) Why?
5 How / they / get up / Mount Kassioun Amanda: Would you like to come
A: swimming?
B: Sophie: Yes, I would, thanks.
E
6 What / they / do / 4.30 p.m.
Amer: Are you busy on Sunday?
A:
Hussam: (6)
B: Amer: We’re going to visit Mount Kassioun.
7 When / they / go / Souk Al-Hamidiyah (7)
A: Hussam: I’d love to.
B:
6 Agree (✓) or disagree (✗) with the Help Box
sentences using these phrases. • Useful expressions for making arrangements:
Are you busy / doing anything this evening?
Yes, I am. I’m not. So am I. Neither am I.
Would you like to come...?
1 Are you seeing your friends at the I’m sorry but I can’t. / I’m afraid I’m busy.
weekend? ✓ I’d love to. / Yes, I would.
Yes, I am.
2 We’re going to the museum tomorrow. ✗
8 OVER TO YOU. Think of something you are
.
doing next week. In your notebook, write a
3 I’m not going to the bookshop. ✗
dialogue between you and a friend. Invite
.
him or her to join you.
4 I’m doing a school project this evening. ✓
.
47
Skills development
Reading
History of Books
C The invention of paper was important F Gutenberg used moveable metal
for the development of printing. The letters on blocks and special machines
Arabs learnt about paper-making from called presses. He arranged these
the Chinese in 750 CE. They started into sentences to make a page of text.
manufacturing it in paper mills. In Then he covered it with ink. He put it
the medieval period, Baghdad and in his printing press, put paper on top,
Damascus sold paper around the and pressed them together. He did
world. The technology reached Spain this many times to make copies of the
by 950, but the first paper mills in same page. Afterwards he could use
Europe only started at the end of the the letters again.
twelfth century.
1 Read the text and match the paragraphs with the headings.
1 A revolution in communication 2 Paper 3 Metal blocks
4 Woodblocks 5 Terracotta pieces 6 Scribes
48
Listening and speaking
3 L isten to a librarian talking about the importance of reading. Then complete the gaps in
the text below with two to five words.
Today, reading is a (1) . If you don’t know how to read, you will find
it hard to do the easiest tasks, from (2) to medication instructions.
Reading develops the mind and (3) . It is also important to read to
keep discovering (4) . In the age of technology, we have access to
(5) . Reading also expands your (6) and
increases your vocabulary. So don’t forget to pick up a book (7) .
4 Do you like to read? Why? How often do you read and do you have a favourite genre of
books? Discuss the questions in groups.
Writing
5 Nadia and Khaled are brother and sister. Their best friends are brother and sister, Ahmed and
Reem. Read the emails. What is the invitation for? What do Ahmed and Reem think?
6 Write an invitation.
Plan something to do, and write an invitation to your classmate. Copy it onto a piece of paper
and give it to your classmate. Your classmate writes their answer to you and you write your
answer to your classmate.
Help Box
How to write an invitation How to write a reply
• Question to find out if the person is free • Thank them
• Explanation of your plan • Accept and ask for more details
• Invitationl • Or explain why you can’t come
and apologise
49
8
Module 4 Keeping in touch
Messages
Language practice 2 Write sentences. Use the passive of these
verbs.
1 Complete the crossword.
grow make speak find sell
Across
1 an international network of computers that 1 Portuguese / Brazil
Portuguese is spoken in Brazil.
are joined together
2 Medicines / pharmacist
4 a machine that goes round the Earth
6 to give something and receive
something else 3 silver / ground
7 to put things away and keep them
safe 4 rice / China
8 an electronic machine that we have in our
homes and offices 5 cars / Germany
Down
1 knowledge or facts 3 Write what the things are usually made of.
2 the machine you use to speak to
people in another place paper cotton wood leather glass
3 the main computer on a network that stores 1 T-shirts are usually made of cotton.
and distributes information 2 Tables .
4 to look quickly through different websites 3 Shoes .
5 the place where your emails arrive 4 Windows .
1I 2T 5 Books .
3S
4 These sentences contain incorrect
4S
information. First write a negative
sentence. Then write correct information.
5I
6E
1 French is spoken in England.
French isn’t spoken in England. English is
spoken there.
7S 2 Arabic is spoken by most people in Peru.
8 C
Help Box
4 Audio CDs are used to record films.
• Use the present passive to talk about
processes and facts. Use it when the focus is
on the action, not on who does it.
Computers are linked together. Information is 5 Ford cars are made by a German company.
exchanged between computers.
• Revise the past participles.
50
Help Box Help Box
• Use the past passive to talk about past • Passive questions
processes and facts. Use it when the focus is Active: Who sent the email?
on the action, not on who does it. Passive: Who was the email sent by?
The first telephones were used in 1876. • Active: What did Einstein develop?
• You need to know the past participles for the Passive: What was developed by Einstein?
past passive, too.
5 Complete the texts with the past passive. 6 Complete the questions, then do the quiz.
51
Skills development
Reading
2 Read the article again and decide what the students below could improve.
1 Harry has got lots of paper, pens and pencils on his desk.
Harry should tidy his desk.
2 Barbara hasn’t got a lamp on her desk. It’s hard to read.
4 Hassan has got fifteen books on his desk and twelve files.
6 Jamie can’t write in his notebook because his keyboard is in the way.
3 Write three things you want to improve about your homework in your notebook.
52
Listening and speaking
4 L isten to four students sharing some interesting facts they learned about the brain. Take
notes then complete the table.
Jana
Sana
Wael
Ashraf
5 Which one of these facts was the most interesting? Do you know other facts about the brain?
Discuss the questions in groups.
Writing
It is useful to keep a diary of your homework. You can write about how you did your research, how
long things took, what things were easy or difficult. This will help you understand how you study
best and improve your study skills.
6 Read Ruba’s diary and answer these questions.
1 In what subject does Ruba feel she needs help?
2 What has Ruba decided to do better in the future?
3 What subject do you think Ruba likes best?
Subjects Comments
I found the maths calculations quite hard. I felt unhappy because I didn’t understand.
Maths
I will ask the teacher to explain it again.
I had to do some ‘Complete the sentence’ exercises in my Activity Book. I felt happy
English
because I understood it.
I had to draw a map. I wasted time looking for my crayons. I must remember to have
Geography
things ready!
I had to write up a science experiment. We did the experiment in class. But I couldn’t
Science understand the notes I made in class. I must write more tidily. I felt annoyed because
it took a long time.
I had to read some literature. I love Arabic and really enjoyed reading. I surfed the
Arabic Net to find out about the author. It was interesting. I’m looking forward to the lesson
tomorrow.
4 Write about one evening’s homework this week.
Help Box
7 Write a story about a day in your life.
• Describe what you did.
• The day we got some good news • Think about how you felt. (I felt...)
• The day my favourite team won • Write what you want to change. (I must...
• The day my brother/sister/aunt/uncle / I mustn’t...)
won an award • Write what you will do tomorrow. (I
• The day I broke my leg/broke my arm will...)
53
Module 4 Progress test
Reading
How many times do you use the The ancient Egyptians started using
written word every day? You read picture signs, called hieroglyphics, around
books, newspapers and web pages, do 3000 BCE. Each picture represented a
schoolwork, and send emails and instant word. But hieroglyphics were hard to learn,
messages. But do you know where writing and only a few people could understand
comes from? them. Perhaps only 1% of the population
About 25,000 years ago pictures of could read!
animals, people and things were used to The Phoenicians used the Sumerian
tell stories. They were painted on cave cuneiform symbols and created a 22-letter
walls – we can still see some of them today alphabet in about 1000 BCE. Each letter
in caves in France and Africa. represented a sound from their language.
The earliest form of true writing was Many cultures borrowed this Phoenician
developed by the Sumerians in about 3300 alphabet and adapted it, including the
BCE, in Iraq. At first, pictures were used Greeks in Europe. One of the great scripts
to represent ideas. Then, by about 2500 of the world is the Arabic script which
BCE these pictures became simple signs also comes originally from the Phoenician
called ‘cuneiform writing’. Using this writing, alphabet.
Sumerians could write their history, laws So next time you read something in
and stories. either English or Arabic, don’t forget that
both alphabets have a common ancestor!
1 Read the text and match the dates and the events.
54
Language practice
1 Complete the dialogues with short answers and the present continuous form of the verbs.
Use contracted forms where possible.
A
A: What (1) you (do) tomorrow?
B: I (2) (go) to the shopping mall.
A: So (3) I. What you (do) later?
B: In the evening I (4) (go) to that new fish restaurant with my family.
Would you like to come?
A: No, thanks. I can’t. I (5) (visit) my grandmother in the evening.
B
A: (6) you (do) anything this evening?
B: Yes, I (7) .I (8) (study) for a test tomorrow.
A: Oh, that’s a pity. My cousin (9) (come) to my house this evening. What
about Saturday lunchtime?
B: Let me think. I (10) (not help) in my dad’s shop, so I’m free.
A: We (11) (have) lunch by the river. Would you like to come?
B: Yes, please.
C
A: I (12) (not go) to the swimming pool this afternoon.
B: Neither (13) I. What (14) you (do)?
A: I (15) (surf) the Net.
B: I (16) not. I (17) (go) shopping with my mum.
Amazing facts
1 The piano (invent) in the 1700s.
2 The 300m Eiffel Tower in France (build) in the 1880s. It
(make) of metal.
3 Mobile phones first widely (use) in the 1990s.
4 The first television broadcast (make) in 1926.
5 The oldest surviving photograph (take) in 1827.
6 The first skyscraper (design) in 1885 in Chicago.
7 The first supermarkets (open) in the 1930s in America.
8 The sandwich (name) after the Earl of Sandwich in the 1700s.
55
4 Complete the text with the verbs in the present passive.
2 Why is it a good idea to keep a small notebook and a pen with you?
2 Do you follow any of the writer’s advice? Which one do you think is the most useful in your
daily life? Discuss the questions in pairs.
56
Writing
1 Read the following text and find four grammar mistakes and four spelling mistakes. Rewrite
the correct text below.
My sister Lama is my best friend. She is tall and thin. So I am. We both have short hair. We both like
serfing the Net for interesting facts, and we eschange information all the time. Lama doesn’t like
social networking sites. So do I. We think they are a waste of our time. Tomorrow we go to a new
science museum. It is opened last week. We herd that it’s really impressive, and that there are a lot
of exhibitions related to tecknology. I’m sure my sister and I will love it!
1 Read about Lama. Do you think she is: creative? logical? both?
I am an artistic person. I love music and can play the piano and the violin. I am also quite good
at inventing strange things. I made a box for my music books and covered it with pictures of classical
composers.
I am also quite logical. I am good at remembering facts and understanding rules and systems. I
enjoy science experiments but I’m not so keen on languages.
57
9
Module 5 Around the world
The environment
Language practice 3 OVER TO YOU. Complete the sentences.
1 A shop assistant is a person who sells things
1 Read the definitions and write the places. in shops.
1 The salt water which covers most of the 2 A bus driver is a person who
Earth’s surface. O .
2 A very hot, dry place where camels come 3 A teacher is a person who
from. D .
3 A high rocky place that people climb. 4 A factory worker is a person who
M .
4 A natural flow of water going across the 5 A journalist is a person who
land to the sea. R .
5 A large group of trees where wild animals 6 A nurse is a person who
live. F .
Help Box 4 You are showing your holiday photos to a
friend. Write sentences. Use these phrases
• Use which / that, who or where to say exactly and who or where.
what you are talking about:
The man works in the shop. He is Egyptian. we went swimming every day
The man who works in that shop is Egyptian. we stayed we bought souvenirs
This is the poem. It is interesting. taught us to sail
This is the poem which / that is interesting.
I saw a film recently. I liked it.
I saw a film recently which / that I liked. 1 This is the hotel where
We live in a street. It has a lot of trees. we stayed.
We live in a street where there are a lot of
trees.
• We often use that instead of which.
2 This is the shop
2 Complete the sentences with who, which /
that or where. .
1 I’ve lost the ring my mother
gave me. 3 This is the man
2 Do you know that man is
standing outside? .
3 This is the place I lost my
glasses.
4 The magazine I bought isn’t 4 This is the beach
very interesting.
5 Muhanad has a brother .
played football for a famous football team.
58
5 Complete the sentences with the correct Help Box
active or passive form of the verbs . • both... and... is stronger than and.
Both Hind and Laila live in Homs.
migrate navigate invent distribute
• Either... or... indicates a choice.
He can either have pizza or a hamburger.
1 Wildebeest from the
• Neither... nor... means ‘not one and not the
south to the north and back again.
other’.
2 Last year the sailors She speaks neither English nor Arabic.
across the ocean to India.
3 The telephone by
Alexander Graham Bell. 8 Write about the instruments the students
4 Information to play. Use both… and… or neither… nor…
computers around the world by the Net. The Royal Music School
6 Write the noun for each verb. piano violin flute ’oud guitar
Mariam ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
1 destroy destruction
Wissam ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗
2 communicate
Ahmed ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗
3 navigate
4 invent Khaled ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
5 distribute Fadia ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
6 migrate 1 Mariam / Fadia (piano)
Both Mariam and Fadia play the piano.
Help Box 2 Wissam / Khaled (flute)
Neither Wissam nor Khaled plays the flute.
• Although contrasts two ideas. 3 Ahmed / Fadia (violin)
Samer’s family is from Germany. He doesn’t
speak German.
Although Samer’s family is from Germany, he 4 Wissam / Ahmed (the ’oud)
doesn’t speak German.
5 Ahmed / Fadia (guitar)
59
Skills development
Reading
60
Listening and speaking
3 L isten to a member of a nature club talking about why it’s important to care about the
environment. Then complete the table.
4 Do you spend a lot of time in nature? How do you think you can help take care of nature and
animals? Discuss the questions in pairs.
Writing
5 Write about a club you belong to, or an interest you have.
Include
• what you like best or are most interested in
• how you get information
• what you have done recently
• if you have any special skills
• what you would like to do / see / learn in the future
Help Box
Don’t forget to use:
• both... and... either... or... neither... nor...
• sentences with which / that where who
61
10
Module 5 Around the world
Explorations
Language practice 2 Complete the sentences with these words.
62
4 Read the clues and write the words.
1 Find your way across the oceans. N
2 You drop this heavy metal object into the sea so the boat can stay still. A
3 Make the boat go in the direction you want. S
4 The tall piece of wood in the middle of the boat. M
5 This round ring saves you if you are in the water. L b
6 The large piece of cloth that fills with wind. S
7 You use this to tie your boat with. R
8 You walk on this part of the boat. D
Help Box
• The past of must and have to is had to.
We have to write a letter. We had to write a letter.
• The past of Do you have to...? is Did you have to...?
Did you have to work yesterday?
• The past of don’t have to is didn’t have to.
We don’t have to do that exercise. We didn’t have to do that exercise.
5 Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of the past of have to.
1 We got into the museum for free. We (not pay).
2 you (wait) long? No, only five minutes.
3 They (take) their projects to school last Tuesday.
4 Shaza (tidy) her bedroom?
5 The teachers (work) very late on the day of the exams.
6 I (not get up) early this morning. There wasn’t any school.
7 you (wear) a uniform when you were at school?
8 He (take) medicine for three weeks before he got better.
9 Maher (do) exercise to lose weight.
10 Mr Ali (not drive) to the beach because there was a bus.
6 Read the note and write what Peter and his younger sister Jane did / didn’t have to do
before their parents got back home.
We have gone shopping. Please do these jobs.
Peter look after Jane Jane tidy your room
tidy your room do your homework
do your homework lay the table
63
Skills development
Reading
Sindbad
I met some
men and they
took me to their
king. He was
Sindbad the Sailor is a popular tale very generous
from The Arabian Nights. In the story, to me and he let
Sindbad tells some noblemen about his me stay in his
seven adventures. During each voyage, city. One day, I was watching
Sindbad meets dangerous creatures and the boats at the port when I saw my old boat and
has exciting adventures. This is the first its captain. I saw my name on the packages he
story that Sindbad told: was taking off the boat. I greeted him, but he
I was a rich young man but I spent most of my didnít believe who I was.
money. So one day, I decided to travel the world ëI saw Sindbad die at sea,í he said, ëI am go-
and earn some more money. I joined a group of ing to sell his things and give the money to his
sailors who traded at sea. We sailed along the family.í
persian coast buying and selling goods. It was a ëCaptain,í I said, ëI am Sindbad - let me tell
good voyage and we bought many treasures. you my story.í
One day, we came to a lovely green island. After I told him everything, he believed me
Some of us decided to land there. But suddenly and gave me back my goods. I went to the king
the island started to move. It was a giant whale! and gave him gifts in thanks for his kindness.
When the whale dived back down into the sea, He too gave mevaluable spices and treasures.
some of the sailors swam back to the boat. But I I went home in my old boat. I sold my goods
was left in the sea holding onto a piece of wood. - I was arich man again. I built a huge palace and
Luckily, after a long time in the water I landed lived quietly with my family. But I am an adven-
on an island. turer and couldnít stay at home for very long!
1 Read the story and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 Sindbad had seven adventures.
2 He started life as a poor man.
3 Some of the sailors landed on a whale but they thought it was an island.
4 Sindbad survived because he found a piece of wood in the sea.
5 The first man Sindbad met on the island was the king.
6 The captain of the boat didn’t recognise Sindbad.
7 Sindbad took the captain to the king.
8 The king gave Sindbad gifts.
9 Sindbad will never travel again after that adventure.
2 Find the words in the story that have the following meanings.
1 a living thing such as an animal, bird or fish
2 a collection of valuable things
3 kind
4 the part of a city where there are boats
5 substances made from plants and seeds that we use for cooking
64
Listening and speaking
3 Listen to a travel blogger talking about road trips. Then answer the questions.
1 Why does the travel blogger think road trips are great? Which of the reasons do you agree with
the most?
2 How can road trips be inspiring?
4 Do you prefer going on a road trip or taking a plane flight? Why? Is there another way you
would like to explore a new place? Discuss the questions in pairs.
Writing
5 Use these notes to write a report.
Temperate forests
Evergreen forests
65
Module 5 Progress test
Reading
1 Read the article and choose the correct words for the spaces.
1 a) oceans b) danger c) control
2 a) change b) stop c) introduce
3 a) polluted b) studied c) brought
4 a) freezing b) melting c) moving
5 a) damaging b) travelling c) doing
6 a) damage b) spend c) protect
7 a) important
b) small c) amazing
66
Language practice
1 Write new sentences by joining the two sentences with which / that or who.
We chose the camera. It was the cheapest.
We chose the camera which / that was the cheapest.
67
4 Complete the sentences with neither, either or both.
1 Khaled nor Hassan likes swimming.
2 Andrew and David live in England.
3 You can have fruit juice or coffee.
4 my mother nor my father speaks English.
5 Paula and Jane go to the drama club.
6 The lessons are in our classroom or in the computer room.
7 penguins nor ostriches can fly.
8 English and Arabic come from the same original alphabet.
something somewhere anything anybody anywhere everything
everybody everywhere nothing nobody
68
2 Do you agree with the consideration of light, noise and sight as types of pollution even if they
don’t physically damage the environment? Why or why not? Discuss the questions in pairs.
Writing
1 Read the following text and find four grammar mistakes and four spelling mistakes. Rewrite
the correct text below.
There are many different types of environments. Examples are osheans, mountains, forests and rivers.
Each environment is home to different types of animals. Some animals live in cold climates like
polar bares and pengwins. But giraffes both and antelopes live something warm, like a dezert or a
plain. Some environments although can be very difficult to live in, animals have their own ways to
adapt and survive. For example in Alaska, which temperatures reach as low as -60 degrees Celsius,
wood frogs freeze their bodies in order to survive!
2 Write a paragraph describing a local nature park or habitat, or a nature park you have visited.
69
11
Module 6 Science and discovery
Inventions
Language practice 2 OVER TO YOU. You are in a restaurant.
Choose your favourite starter, main course
Help Box and drinks. Then complete the dialogue.
• Use be going to for actions that we have Waiter: What would you like as a starter?
decided to do before we speak. You:
I’m going to help my father this afternoon. Waiter: And for a main course?
• Use will for actions that we decide to do You:
Waiter: Would you prefer chips or potatoes?
now at the moment of speaking. You:
I’ll write that down in case I forget it. Waiter: Green salad or vegetables?
• Use will to predict the future. You:
I will be more busy next year. Waiter: What would you like to drink?
You:
1 The Brown family are having lunch in a Waiter: Thank you very much.
hotel. Write these words and expressions
in the correct places.
3 Samer is going on a business trip to the
soup of the day We’ll have please USA. Look at the pictures and write
would you like I’ll have have chips sentences about his plans.
we have three fruit juices
How would you I’ll have that
Waiter: What (1) would you like for a starter,
madam?
Mrs Brown: (2) the salad,
please.
Waiter: And what about you, young lady?
Cath: I’ll have the houmous,(3) .
Waiter: And what would you like, sir?
Mr Brown: What is the (4) ?
Waiter: It’s fresh fish soup today, sir. 1 Samer isn’t going to send postcards.
Mr Brown: Sounds nice, (5) , 2 He’s going to read newspapers.
please. 3
Waiter: And what about your main course? 4
Mrs Brown: (6) a burger for 5
Cath, and two steaks, please. 6
Waiter: (7) like your steaks?
Mrs Brown: Well done, please.
Waiter: Would you prefer chips or potatoes?
4 Write five sentences in your notebook
about what you are going to do at the
Mrs Brown: We’ll (8) , please.
weekend.
Waiter: And to drink?
Mrs Brown: Can (9) , please?
70
5 Look at the objects and write what you 6 Match the sentences to the replies.
think they are made of.
1 I’m hot. h
cloth rubber metal glass paper 2 What would you like?
plastic china 3 I’ve lost my pencil.
4 How can I get there?
5 I’m a bit hungry.
6 We’re lost.
7 This bag is heavy.
1 It’s made of metal and 8 I forgot the class register.
plastic.
a I’ll go and get it for you, Mr Haddad.
b I’ll find the map.
c I’ll make you lunch.
2 d I’ll have a sandwich.
e I’ll get you a pen.
f Shall I help you carry it?
g We’ll take you in our car.
h Shall I open the window?
3 Help Box
• Use I’ll / We’ll... Shall I / we...? to offer to do
something.
I’ll help you with your bags.
Shall I open the window?
4
3 There’s a scorpion in
6 the bathroom! (move)
71
Skills development
Reading
Place Invention
Baghdad
India
China
Ancient Rome
72
Listening and speaking
3 L isten to this segment from a TV programme about ancient discoveries. Then answer the
following questions.
1 Which cultures discovered chocolate?
4 Which type of chocolate do you prefer, dark, milk or white? What health benefits do you
know chocolate has? Discuss the questions in pairs.
Writing
5 Write about some of the inventions you and your family often use.
First read (1–5) below and underline all the machines and tools.
Then match these themes to the paragraphs:
At school
The most important invention
The morning
General household inventions
In the evening
1 There are lots of machines and tools we use in a typical day. First of all, we have air
conditioning in our house – it would be very hot without it. We use a vacuum cleaner to clean
the floor and wash our clothes in a washing machine. Housework would take longer without
them.
2 In the morning, an alarm clock wakes me up. Then I get a bus to school. It would be a long
journey without the bus!
3 At school, I use basic things such as pens and pencils, but I also use a computer. It helps me
with my work. If I’m late I call home with a mobile phone, so my mum knows I’m safe.
4 In the evening, we cook dinner on a cooker. It would be boring to only eat raw food. After
dinner, we put our dishes in the dishwasher. I think that’s better than washing up.
5 Which is the most important of these inventions? I think it’s the alarm clock – how would I get
up without it?
Help Box
• Make a list of all the things your family uses.
• Group the objects by theme, such as time of day, room they are in, etc.
• Write about what life would be like without some of them. Use would.
• Divide your composition into paragraphs.
73
12
Module 6 Science and discovery
Creativity
Language practice Help Box
• Use if + present simple + present simple for
Help Box
things that are always true.
• Some of the verbs you have studied go with a If it doesn’t rain, plants don’t grow.
preposition. • We usually put a comma after the ‘if part’ of
build up cool down find out go away the sentence.
look at look for look up turn off • Use if + prasent simple + can + verb for
things that are always possible.
1 Complete these sentences with verbs from If you tell your parents about your
the help box. problems, they can help you.
1 In this book, we find out that the
Phoenicians were very advanced. 3 Look at the pictures and write sentences.
2 Please the picture on page 34, Don’t forget to use a comma where
class. necessary.
3 Please ! I have to finish my
homework. 1 to 100°C / it boils / heat
4 You need to do exercises that will water / you / If / water
your muscles. If you heat water to
5 the lights when you leave the 100°C, it boils.
room.
6 You can difficult words in the 2 it freezes / the
dictionary. temperature of water
7 I’ve lost my glasses. Can you help me / falls / If / below 0°C
them?
8 After every exercise session you should
3 find / surf the Net
2 Write the nouns or verbs in the table. / If you / a lot of /
information / you can
Noun Verb
improvement
development
4 die / plants / If / water
combine
/ they / don’t / you
solution
discover
invention
inform 5 a / have / bad tooth / If
decorate you / you / toothache /
communication get
production
74
4 Complete the sentences with an Help Box
appropriate word. Use some of them more • Use if + present simple + will or won’t for
than once. things that will possibly happen.
of at in between to above on If the weather is nice, we’ll go camping.
through under into • We can put the ‘if part’ or the ‘will part’ of the
sentence first.
1 Wissam has travelled to many countries. If we take a taxi, it will be expensive.
2 We went the shopping mall by bus. It will be expensive if we take a taxi.
3 My hometown is the coast. • We usually put a comma after the ‘if part’ of
4 Electricity flows some materials the sentence.
easily, such as water.
5 I live the city centre. 6 Complete the sentences with the correct
6 The treasure was buried a huge form of the verbs in brackets.
stone.
7 She put her book her bag. 1 If we (go) on holiday next
8 They arrived the hotel very late. year, we (visit) Egypt.
9 Omar has a computer his bedroom 2 If it (be) necessary,
and lots of posters his walls. I (go) shopping.
10 Hiba took a photo the beautiful old 3 You (catch) the bus if you
buildings. (leave) soon.
11 She wasn’t home when I called. 4 If you (go) to the
12 The post office is the bank and the USA, you (need) a visa.
restaurant. 5 Samer (print) you that photo
13 The hawk flew them in the blue sky. if you (want) one.
6 If he (stay) in bed, he
(feel) better.
5 Match the beginnings of the sentences 7 I (have) spaghetti if we
with the ends. (go) to the Italian restaurant.
1 He sent an email 7 What will happen if you...? Write questions
2 Give that book and answers for the situations.
3 I like listening
4 Does this pen not understand be late for school
5 My baby brother be hungry not be tired
6 My school bag is made
7 My father is responsible 1 go to bed early?
8 The thief stole the money Q: What will happen if
9 You learn you go to bed early?
10 Don’t worry A: I won’t be tired.
2 don’t listen in class?
a of recycled plastic. Q:
b about the test. It’s easy. A:
c to me. I need to read it. 3 miss the bus?
d from the old lady. Q:
e is scared of storms. A:
f about things at school. 4 don’t eat your breakfast?
g to my CDs. Q:
h to his mother, saying ‘I’ll be late.’ A:
i belong to someone?
j for the whole bank.
75
Skills development
Reading
1 Do the quiz. Then read your score.
The world is changing very fast, and creative thinking skills are very important in today’s world.
76
Listening and speaking
3 L isten to a science teacher talking about an accidental discovery. Then answer the
questions below.
1 How did Edouard Benedictus discover safety glass?
4 Do you think that accidentally discovering something makes the discovery less important or
the discoverer less smart? Why or why not? Discuss the questions in small groups.
6 Read Tareq’s story, and underline the first appearance of the information in the writer’s
checklist.
Tareq’s story
It was another hot, sunny day. Alex was sitting on the beach near his parents’ house on
the east coast of Canada. It was very lucky to have good weather during the school holidays. But
after ten sunny days, Alex was bored. He wanted something different to happen.
Then, at ten thirty in the morning on Wednesday 14 July, he saw a strange object in the sky.
It was an orange and green circle. Alex realised it was a hot-air balloon. He jumped up and ran
towards it. It was now very close to the water. Alex could see the pilot. He was a tall man with
black hair. Then the balloon landed on the beach.
The pilot’s name was James Vance. He was a scientist and he was doing research on air
pollution. But he had a problem.
‘I must talk to my colleagues. Unfortunately, my phone isn’t working. If I don’t talk to them,
we will lose important information.’
Alex took him to his parents’ house and James phoned his colleagues. Then they had tea and
cake and James explained why it was important to control pollution. Later, he went back to his
balloon and floated away. Alex waved goodbye. It was the best day of his holiday!
Help Box
• In Tareq’s story, Alex feels differently at the end of the story to how he felt at the beginning.
This makes the story more interesting. When you write your story, try to describe how your
‘hero’ feels.
77
Module 6 Progress test
Reading
The first instrument to take and fix images was the camera obscura. It was a sort of box with a
hole in it. When light passed through the hole, a picture appeared upside down on paper. The first person to
write about the camera obscura was the Arab scientist Alhazen in the 10th century.
By the 17th century, European artists were using the camera obscura to paint very realistic
pictures. But it was quite complicated. They had to copy the image on paper, and they couldn’t keep the
image that the camera made.
Then in 1826, a French scientist called Joseph Niépce created the first photo on paper using
chemicals. But it took eight hours! Niépce’s work was continued by another Frenchman called Louis
Daguerre who invented a more practical way to take photos in 1837. At first, photos were very difficult to
take and the photographer needed expensive equipment. People had to sit still for minutes or the photos
didn’t work. But in 1888, an American called George Eastman made a simple box camera that ordinary
people could buy. He also invented flexible film. With each film people could take 100 photos, and then
send them to the laboratory.
Colour photos were only created in the early 20th century. The inventors of the cinema, the
Lumière brothers, made the first colour photos.
Today, we use cameras without film. They look like traditional cameras but they are digital.
The images are transferred to a computer and people can change the image or send it by email. We also take
photos with our mobile phones. Things have changed a lot since the camera obscura!
2 Read the text and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 The camera obscura took the first photos.
2 17th century European artists took photos.
3 Daguerre’s method of taking photos was faster than Niépce’s.
4 When George Eastman introduced his box camera, ordinary people could take photos for the
first time.
5 Nowadays we use cameras with film and transfer them to our computers.
78
Language practice
1 Complete the answers with will or going to. Use contracted forms.
1 What will they do now?
I think they home. (go)
2 What is Khaled going to study at university?
He history. (study)
3 How long are you going to be away?
I away for about a week. (be)
4 What will you have to eat?
I a sandwich, please. (have)
5 Where are you going to live?
We in Egypt. (live)
6 What will the weather be like tomorrow?
I think it . (rain)
7 Would you like a drink?
Yes, please. We tea, please. (have)
8 What are Salah and Ali going to do this evening?
They a lecture. (attend)
of at in between to above on through under into
79
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 If it this weekend, we on a picnic. (rain, not go)
2 If Sawsan a good degree, she a university professor.
(get, become)
3 The doctor you today if you first. (not see, not
phone)
4 If you that computer, you so much money. (choose,
not spend)
5 They Ali in if he a ticket. (not let, not have)
6 If I late for today’s meeting, they angry. (be, be)
7 You the bus if you very fast. (catch, run)
8 If we the whale, it extinct. (not protect, become)
9 You better if you your glasses. (see, put on)
10 If you all the ice cream, you sick. (eat, be)
11 They the game if they . (not win, not practise)
12 If he English, he a good job. (not learn, not get)
5 Complete the sentences with either the correct form of the verb or the noun formed from the
verb.
1 You your English if you practise a lot. (improve)
2 There were many in photography in the 19th century. (develop)
3 The to many problems involves creative thinking. (solve)
4 Louis Daguerre a practical way of taking photos. (discover)
5 The of computers in the 20th century changed the world. (invent)
6 People v with each other using the Internet. (communicate)
7 It is a of a printer and a photocopier. (combine)
8 This website by my school. (produce)
2 Do you watch animated films or cartoons? Which is your favourite? Why? Discuss the
questions in pairs.
80
Writing
1 Read the following text and find four grammar mistakes and four spelling mistakes. Rewrite
the correct text below.
Welcome to my laboratory. First, I’d like to tell you a few things about doing experimants in a
laboratory. The most commonly used tools are glasstubes and microskopes. An important thing to
remember is to be careful. If you will follow safety measures, nothing will go wrong. If you don’t
wear protective glasses or gloves, you are going to risk getting injured. Don’t forget to handle the
equipment carefully. If you didn’t, you will damage it. Don’t use any new equipment that you are
not trained on. It is also better not to work alone. Now do I show you my new discover?
81
Self-assessment answer key
Module 1: page 11, exercise 6 Module 4: page 50, exercise 1
3 1 b
4 2 a
2 3 b
1 4 c
5 b
Module 2: page 24, exercise 1 6 a
1 Bangladesh 7 c
2 India 8 b
3 Syria 9 c
4 China 10 a
5 Australia
6 Finland Module 4: page 50, exercise 2
7 Egypt (suggested answers)
8 Russia 2 Barbara should get good lighting for her desk.
9 Mexico 3 Jenny should make a weekly timetable.
4 Hassan should get some shelves for his books
Module 3: page 32, exercise 2 and files./He should clean his desk.
1 has made 5 Laila should check that she has supplies of the
2 has written things she needs./She should buy a pen-holder.
3 have met 6 Jamie should make sure there is room on his
4 have / has eaten desk for writing.
5 has found
6 have taken Module 5: page 57, exercise 6
7 has read 2 communication
8 has been 3 navigation
9 have heard 4 invention
5 distribution
Module 3: page 36, exercise 2 6 migration
1 for
2 since Module 5: page 57, exercise 7
3 for 1 Although we were tired
4 since 2 Although I was angry
5 since 3 Although he does a lot of exercise
6 for 4 Although Ruba’s older than her brother
5 Although it’s usually hot at this time
Module 3: page 37, exercise 5B
7 has worked Module 5: page 61, exercise 6
8 since 2 had to tidy their
9 has assisted 3 had to do their
10 has (also) had 4 had to lay
11 for 5 didn’t have to lay
12 has met
Module 6: page 69, exercise 7
Module 4: page 45, exercise 7 2 I’ll help you.
2 What are you doing tomorrow? 3 I’ll move it.
3 I’m sorry but I can’t come on Thursday. 4 I’ll clear the table.
4 I’m having my piano lesson. 5 I’ll lend you some.
5 No, we’re not. 6 I’ll call a taxi.
6 No, I’m not. 7 I’ll talk to her.
7 Would you like to come? 8 I’ll tidy it.
82
Audioscripts
Learning logs
giving opinions?
83
3 Write the new words that you learned in this module:
describing places?
describing objects?
84
the writing exercises? SB page 25
SB page 31
AB page 23
AB page 27
the pronunciation exercises? SB page 25
SB page 31
the project work? SB page 32
interviewing someone?
85
2 Look back at Module 3.
86
Module 4 -Learning Log
1 Look at the outcomes on page 49 of the Students’ Book.
making arrangements?
87
3 Write the new words that you learned in this module:
making guesses?
88
the listening and speaking exercises? SB page 71
SB page 77
AB page 59
AB page 63
the writing exercises? SB page 67
SB page 71
SB page 77
AB page 59
AB page 63
the pronunciation exercises? SB page 71
SB page 77
the project work? SB page 78
discussing inventions?
89
2 Look back at Module 6.
90
Irregular verbs
Infinitive Past simple Past participle
be was/were been
beat beat beaten
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got got
give gave given
go went gone/been
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
keep kept kept
know knew known
91
Infinitive Past simple Past participle
lay laid laid
lead led led
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
light lit lit
make made made
put put put
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
swim swam swum
take took taken
talk talked talked
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
write wrote written
92