A

Project Report
On

RESULT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

Undertaken At
Maharaja Agrasen Vidyalaya
Memnagar, Ahmedabad - 380052

By
Priyanshu Shah
Sanskar Agrawal

Guided By
Mr. Vipul V. Srivastava

Submitted To
Maharaja Agrasen Vidyalaya
(Affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education)
Gujarat-India.
2019 2020

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 CONTENTS
SR.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. CERTIFICATE

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. INTRODUCTION

4. PROJECT PROFILE

5. ABOUT PYTHON

6. PROJECT OVERVIEW

7. SOURCE CODE

8. OUTPUT SCREENS

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled
RESULT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is done by
Mast. PRIYANSHU SHAH Of class XI - A of
Maharaja Agrasen Vidyalaya, As per the
requirement of All India Senior School
Certificate Examination during the
academic year 2019 - 2020.

Signature Of Student : ____________

Signature Of Teacher : ____________

Date of Submission : ____________

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The phenomenon remains same that no project ever can be
executed proficiently and efficiently without sharing the meticulous
ideas, technical expertise and innovative thoughts put forwarded by the
technical and non-technical veterans.
In this regard first of all we would like to express deep gratitude to
Mr. Vipul V. Srivastava for sharing his precious knowledge and
innovative ideas for the successful execution of the project.
Whenever a technical project is developed, eventually it requires
conductive technical environment and technical guidance to get in
involved in the assigned project enthusiastically.

I would also like to thank our Executive Director Dr. (Smt.)

Shobha Tyagi, Principal Smt. Neeta Awasthi and our
school ‘Maharaja agrasen Vidyalaya’ for giving us this
opportunity and improve upon our skills.

PRIYANSHU SHAH
‘XI’ - ‘A’

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 INTRODUCTION
The outcome of any software is the most
important thing because it will directly
relate to the user. The school result
software generates an outline of all
modules in the form of reports. The
software generates the merit list of the
students. The project is to automate the
result related activities in the school. One
can use this project to evaluate one’s
detailed result analysis. The results
section should state the findings of the
research arranged in a logical sequence
without bias or interpretation.

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 PROJECT PROFILE
RESULT MANAGEMENT
NAME OF THE PROJECT
SYSTEM

To automate the result

PURPOSE
related activities.

Maharaja Agrasen
DEVELOPED AT
Vidyalaya

PRIYANSHU SHAH,
DEVELOPED BY
SANSKAR AGRAWAL

PROJECT GUIDES Mr. VIPUL V. SRIVASTAVA

Maharaja Agrasen
SUBMITTED TO
Vidyalaya

TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES USED

OPERATING SYSTEM Windows 10

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Python 3.7.2

DOCUMENTATION Microsoft Word

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 ABOUT PYTHON
HISTORY
Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. Created by
‘Guido van Rossum’ and first released in 1991, Python's design philosophy
emphasizes code readability with its notable use of significant whitespace. Its language
constructs and object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical
code for small and large-scale projects.

Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming

paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. Python
is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard
library.

Python was conceived in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC language. Python 2.0,
released in 2000, introduced features like list comprehensions and a garbage collection
system capable of collecting reference cycles. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major
revision of the language that is not completely backward-compatible, and much Python
2 code does not run unmodified on Python 3.

The Python 2 language, i.e. Python 2.7.x, "sunsetted" on January 1, 2020 (after
extension; first planned for 2015), and the Python team of volunteers will not fix
security issues, or improve it in other ways after that date. With the end-of-life, only
Python 3.5.x and later will be supported.

Python interpreters are available for many operating systems. A global community of
programmers develops and maintains CPython, an open source reference
implementation. A non-profit organization, the Python Software Foundation, manages
and directs resources for Python and CPython development.

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 FEATURES
Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. Object-oriented programming and
structured programming are fully supported, and many of its features support functional
programming and aspect-oriented programming (including by meta-programming and
meta-objects (magic methods)). Many other paradigms are supported via extensions,
including design by contract and logic programming.

Python uses dynamic typing and a combination of reference counting and a cycle-
detecting garbage collector for memory management. It also features dynamic name
resolution (late binding), which binds method and variable names during program
execution.

Python's design offers some support for functional programming in the Lisp tradition. It
has filter, map, and reduce functions; list comprehensions, dictionaries, sets, and
generator expressions. The standard library has two modules (iter-tools and func-tools)
that implement functional tools borrowed from Haskell and Standard ML.

Rather than having all of its functionality built into its core, Python was designed to be
highly extensible. This compact modularity has made it particularly popular as a means
of adding programmable interfaces to existing applications. Van Rossum's vision of a
small core language with a large standard library and easily extensible interpreter
stemmed from his frustrations with ABC, which espoused the opposite approach.

Python strives for a simpler, less-cluttered syntax and grammar while giving developers
a choice in their coding methodology. In contrast to Perl's "there is more than one way
to do it" motto, Python embraces a "there should be one—and preferably only one—
obvious way to do it" design philosophy. Alex Martelli, a Fellow at the Python
Software Foundation and Python book author, writes that "To describe something as
'clever' is not considered a compliment in the Python culture.”

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 Indentation
Python syntax and semantics & Indentation

Python uses whitespace indentation, rather than curly brackets or keywords, to delimit
blocks. An increase in indentation comes after certain statements; a decrease in
indentation signifies the end of the current block. Thus, the program's visual structure
accurately represents the program's semantic structure. This feature is sometimes termed
the off-side rule, which some other languages share, but in most languages indentation
doesn't have any semantic meaning.

Flow Of Control
Python's statements include (among others):

• The assignment statement (token '=', the equals sign). This operates differently than in
traditional imperative programming languages, and this fundamental mechanism
(including the nature of Python's version of variables) illuminates many other features
of the language. Assignment in C, e.g., x = 2, translates to "typed variable name x
receives a copy of numeric value 2". The (right-hand) value is copied into an allocated
storage location for which the (left-hand) variable name is the symbolic address. The
memory allocated to the variable is large enough (potentially quite large) for the
declared type. In the simplest case of Python assignment, using the same example, x =
2, translates to "(generic) name x receives a reference to a separate, dynamically
allocated object of numeric (int) type of value 2." This is termed binding the name to the
object. Since the name's storage location doesn't contain the indicated value, it is
improper to call it a variable. Names may be subsequently rebound at any time to
objects of greatly varying types, including strings, procedures, complex objects with
data and methods, etc.

Successive assignments of a common value to multiple names, e.g., x = 2; y = 2; z = 2

result in allocating storage to (at most) three names and one numeric object, to which all
three names are bound. Since a name is a generic reference holder it is unreasonable to
associate a fixed data type with it. However at a given time a name will be bound to
some object, which will have a type; thus there is dynamic typing.

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• The if statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with else and
elif (a contraction of else-if).

• The for statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element
to a local variable for use by the attached block.

• The while statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is
true.

• The try statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be
caught and handled by except clauses; it also ensures that clean-up code in a finally
block will always be run regardless of how the block exits.

• The raise statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught

exception.

• The class statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local
namespace to a class, for use in object-oriented programming.

• The def statement, which defines a function or method.

• The break statement, exits from the loop.

• The continue statement, skips this iteration and continues with the next item.

• The pass statement, which serves as a NOP. It is syntactically needed to create an

empty code block.

• The assert statement, used during debugging to check for conditions that ought to
apply.

• The import statement, which is used to import modules whose functions or

variables can be used in the current program. There are three ways of using
import: import <module name> [as <alias>] or from <module name>
import * or from <module name> import <definition 1> [as <alias 1>], <definition
2> [as <alias 2>], ....

• The print statement was changed to the print() function in Python 3.

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 Expressions
Some Python expressions are similar to languages such as C and Java, while some are
not:

• Addition, subtraction, and multiplication are the same, but the behavior of division
differs. There are two types of divisions in Python. They are floor division (or integer
division) // and floating point/division. Python also added the ** operator for
exponentiation.

• From Python 3.5, the new @ infix operator was introduced. It is intended to be used
by libraries such as NumPy for matrix multiplication.

• From Python 3.8, the syntax :=, called the 'walrus operator' was introduced. It assigns
values to variables as part of a larger expression.

• In Python, == compares by value, versus Java, which compares numerics by value

and objects by reference. (Value comparisons in Java on objects can be performed with
the equals() method.) Python's ‘is’ operator may be used to compare object
identities (comparison by reference). In Python, comparisons may be chained, for
example a <= b <= c.

• Python uses the words ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘not’ for its boolean operators rather than the
symbolic &&, ||, ! used in Java and C.

• Conditional expressions in Python are written as x if c else y (different in order of

operands from the c ? x : y operator common to many other languages).

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 LISTS AND TUPLES

• Python makes a distinction between lists and tuples. Lists are written as [1, 2, 3],
are mutable, and cannot be used as the keys of dictionaries (dictionary keys must be
immutable in Python). Tuples are written as (1, 2, 3), are immutable and thus can be
used as the keys of dictionaries, provided all elements of the tuple are immutable.
The + operator can be used to concatenate two tuples, which does not directly
modify their contents, but rather produces a new tuple containing the elements of
both provided tuples. Thus, given the variable t initially equal to (1, 2, 3), executing t
= t + (4, 5) first evaluates t + (4, 5), which yields (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), which is then
assigned back to t, thereby effectively "modifying the contents" of t, while
conforming to the immutable nature of tuple objects. Parentheses are optional for
tuples in unambiguous contexts.

• Python has a "string format" operator %. This functions analogous to print format
strings in Python, e.g. "spam=%s eggs=%d" % ("blah", 2) evaluates to "spam=blah
eggs=2". In Python 3 and 2.6+, this was supplemented by the format() method of
the str class, e.g. "spam={0} eggs={1}".format("blah", 2). Python 3.6 added "f-
strings": blah = "blah"; eggs = 2; f'spam={blah} eggs={eggs}'.

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 STRING LITERALS
• Strings delimited by single or double quote marks. Unlike in Unix shells, Perl and
Perl-influenced languages, single quote marks and double quote marks function
identically. Both kinds of string use the backslash (\) as an escape character. String
interpolation became available in Python 3.6 as "formatted string literals".

• Triple-quoted strings, which begin and end with a series of three single or
double quote marks. They may span multiple lines and function like here
documents in shells, Perl and Ruby.

• Raw string varieties, denoted by prefixing the string literal with an r. Escape
sequences are not interpreted; hence raw strings are useful where literal backslashes
are common, such as regular expressions and Windows-style paths. Compare "@-
quoting" in C#.

• Python has array index and array slicing expressions on lists, denoted as a[key],
a[start:stop] or a[start:stop:step]. Indexes are zero-based, and negative indexes
are relative to the end. Slices take elements from the start index up to, but not
including, the stop index. The third slice parameter, called step or stride, allows
elements to be skipped and reversed. Slice indexes may be omitted, for example a[:]
returns a copy of the entire list. Each element of a slice is a shallow copy.

Statements cannot be a part of an expression, so list and other comprehensions or

lambda expressions, all being expressions, cannot contain statements. A particular
case of this is that an assignment statement such as a = 1 cannot form part of the
conditional expression of a conditional statement. This has the advantage of
avoiding a classic C error of mistaking an assignment operator = for an equality
operator == in conditions: if (c = 1) { ... } is syntactically valid (but probably
unintended) C code but if c = 1: ... causes a syntax error in Python.

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 METHODS
Methods on objects are functions attached to the object's class; the syntax
instance.method(argument) is, for normal methods and functions, syntactic sugar for
Class.method(instance, argument). Python methods have an explicit self parameter to
access instance data, in contrast to the implicit self (or this) in some other object-
oriented programming languages (e.g., C++, Java, Objective-C, or Ruby

Summary of Python 3's built-in types

Type Mutability Description Syntax example
bool immutable Boolean value True, False
bytearray(b'Some ASCII')
bytearray mutable Sequence of bytes bytearray(b"Some ASCII")
bytearray([119, 105, 107, 105])
b'Some ASCII' b"Some ASCII"
bytes immutable Sequence of bytes
bytes([119, 105, 107, 105])
Complex number with real and
complex immutable 3+2.7j
imaginary parts
Associative array (or dictionary) of
key and value pairs; can contain
dict mutable {'key1': 1.0, 3: False}
mixed types (keys and values),
keys must be a hashable type
An ellipsis placeholder to be used ...
ellipsis immutable
as an index in NumPy arrays Ellipsis
Floating point number, system-
float immutable 3.1415927
defined precision
Unordered set, contains no
frozenset immutable duplicates; can contain mixed frozenset([4.0, 'string', True])
types, if hashable
int immutable Integer of unlimited magnitude[84] 42
list mutable List, can contain mixed types [4.0, 'string', True]
An object representing the absence
NoneTypea immutable None
of a value.
Unordered set, contains no
set mutable duplicates; can contain mixed {4.0, 'string', True}
types, if hashable
'Wikipedia' "Wikipedia"
A character string: sequence of """Spanning
str immutable
Unicode codepoints multiple
lines"""
tuple immutable Can contain mixed types (4.0, 'string', True)
A Sequence of numbers commonly
range(1, 10)
range immutable used for looping specific number
range(10,-5,-2)
of times in for loops[85]

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 PROJECT OVERVIEW
FILES IMPORTED
1)
FUNCTIONS : USER DEFINED

1. void Insert(): This Function is used to insert a new record.

2.

FUNCTIONS : BUILT-IN

1) POW() : Clears The Current Text Window And Places

The Cursor In The Upper Left-Hand Corner.

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 SOURCE CODE
// MY PROJECT – RESULT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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 OUTPUT SCREENS

1. MAIN PAGE

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2. MAIN MENU

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON
-BY SUMITA ARORA


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