Normal Distribution
and Standard Normal
Variables
Objectives
▰ To be able define and describe a normal
probability distribution
▰ To be able to find the value of a z-score or
Standard score
▰ To be able to solve problems involving
normal distribution 2
Normal Probability Distribution
Is a Data distribution where the mean , median and
mode are equal and the distribution is clustered at
the center.
3
Normal Probability Distribution
The graph of a normal distribution is a symmetrical
bell-shaped curve.
4
Properties of a Normal Curve
▰ The mean median and mode are equal and are
represented by the central point along the
horizontal axis which determines the highest
point of the curve
▰ The curve is symmetric around the mean and
asymptotic to the horizontal axis, the curve
extends indefinitely in both direction 5
Properties of a Normal Curve
▰ The total area (or probability) under the normal
curve is equal to 100% or 1; 50% or 0.5 to each
side from the center.
6
“ What comes to mind
when you hear the
words STANDARD and
STANDARDIZED?
7
What is Standard?
▰ n. a level of quality or attainment (high
standard of service); an idea or thing used as a
measure, norm, or model in comparative
evaluations (the wages are low by today's
standards)
▰ adj. used or accepted as normal or average
(standard score) 8
Standard Score or Z-score
▰ Is the equivalent value of a raw score
expressed in terms of the mean (µ) and
standard deviation 𝜎 of the
distribution, It measures the distance of
any particular raw score (𝒙) from the
mean in standard unit. 9
Standard Score or Z-score
▰ The z-score specifies the precise location of each X
value within a distribution
▰ It is one number that establishes the relationship
between:
▻ The score
▻ The mean
▻ The standard deviation 10
Standard Score or Z-score
▰ The numerical value specifies the distance
from the mean by counting the number of
standard deviations
▰ The sign (+ or -) indicates whether the score
is above the mean (+) or below the mean (-)
11
Distribution of area under the
Normal Curve
Empirical Rule or the “68% - 95% - 99.7%” Rule
12
Standard Score or Z-score
Formula:
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
13
Z-score Example
▰ The DG Company has 100 branches
nationwide. The annual profit of DG Company
is normally Distributed with the mean of ₱73
million a year and a standard deviation of
₱3.25 million. Find the z-score pertaining to
the number of branches having a sales of ₱80
million. 14
Z-score Example (solution)
▰ Given: ▰ Solution:
𝟖𝟎 − 𝟕𝟑
𝝁 = 𝟕𝟑 𝑧=
𝟑. 𝟐𝟓
𝝈 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓 𝟕
𝑧=
𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓
▰ Required: 𝑧 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟔𝟏𝟓
𝒛 =? 𝑧 ≈ 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 15
Z-score Example
▰ Given a normally distributed population
with mean 68 and standard deviation 3,
find the corresponding standard score of
the following:
▰ a. 59
▰ b. 77 16
Z-score Example (solution a)
▰ Given: ▰ Solution:
𝟓𝟗 − 𝟔𝟖
𝝁 = 𝟔𝟖 𝑧=
𝟑
𝝈=𝟑 −𝟗
𝒙 = 𝟓𝟗 𝑧=
𝟑
▰ Required:
𝒛 =? 𝑧 = −𝟑 17
Z-score Example (solution b)
▰ Given: ▰ Solution:
𝟕𝟕 − 𝟔𝟖
𝝁 = 𝟔𝟖 𝑧=
𝟑
𝝈=𝟑 𝟗
𝒙 = 𝟕𝟕 𝑧=
𝟑
▰ Required:
𝒛 =? 𝑧=𝟑 18
Z-score Example
▰ The average score in a Statistics and
Probability Test is 78 with standard
deviation 8. What is the standard score of
the following students?
▰ a. Juan – 76
▰ b. Marian - 97 19
Z-score Example (solution a)
▰ Given: ▰ Solution:
𝟕𝟔 − 𝟕𝟖
𝝁 = 𝟕𝟖 𝑧=
𝟖
𝝈=𝟖 −𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟕𝟔 𝑧=
𝟖
▰ Required:
𝒛 =? 𝑧 = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 20
Z-score Example (solution b)
▰ Given: ▰ Solution:
𝟗𝟕 − 𝟕𝟖
𝝁 = 𝟕𝟖 𝑧=
𝟖
𝝈=𝟖 𝟏𝟗
𝒙 = 𝟗𝟕 𝑧=
𝟖
▰ Required: 𝑧 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
𝒛 =? 𝑧 ≈ 𝟐. 𝟑𝟖 21
“
Try this!!!
22
Activity
𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝜇 𝑥 𝜎 𝑧
1. 73 85 4 ________
2. 30 28 2 ________
3. 10 15 2.5 ________
4. 64 99 12.78 ________
5. 54 78 18.75 ________ 23
Activity
𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑥 𝜇 𝜎 𝑧
6. 98 88 3.5 ________
7. 54 70 8.56 ________
8. 74 65 6.4 ________
9. 35 25 4 ________
10. 56 40 6.37 ________ 24
“
Let us
check ✓
25
Activity
𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝜇 𝑥 𝜎 𝑧
1. 73 85 4 3
2. 30 28 2 -1
3. 10 15 2.5 2
4. 64 99 12.78 2.74
5. 54 78 18.75 1.28 26
Activity
𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑥 𝜇 𝜎 𝑧
6. 98 88 3.5 2.86
7. 54 70 8.56 -1.87
8. 74 65 6.4 1.41
9. 35 25 4 2.50
10. 56 40 6.37 2.51 27
“ Finding the area
under the
Normal Curve
28
Finding the area under the Normal
Curve
▰ What is the area under the normal curve
from 𝒛 = 𝟎 to 𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓?
Z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0 0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.148 0.1517
29
Finding the area under the Normal
Curve
▰ What is the area under the normal curve
from 𝒛 = 𝟎 to 𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓?
▰ The area under the normal curve from 𝒛 = 𝟎
to 𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 is 0.0987 or 9.87%
30
Finding the area under the Normal
Curve
𝟗. 𝟖𝟕%
𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
31
Finding the area under the Normal
Curve
▰ What is the area under the normal curve
from 𝒛 = 𝟎 to 𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟑?
Z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
1 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3729 0.3749 0.377 0.379 0.381 0.383
1.2 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.398 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
32
Finding the area under the Normal
Curve
▰ What is the area under the normal curve
from 𝒛 = 𝟎 to 𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟑?
▰ The area under the normal curve from 𝒛 = 𝟎
to 𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟑 is 0.3907 or 39.07%
33
Finding the area under the Normal
Curve
𝟑𝟗. 𝟎𝟕%
-1. 𝟐𝟑 34
Finding the area under the
Normal Curve
▰ The DG Company has 100 branches
nationwide. The annual profit of DG Company
is normally Distributed with the mean of ₱73
million a year and a standard deviation of
₱3.25 million. Find the z-score pertaining to
the number of branches having a sales of ₱80
million. 35
Finding the area under the
Normal Curve
▰ Given: ▰ Solution:
𝟖𝟎 − 𝟕𝟑
𝝁 = 𝟕𝟑 𝑧=
𝟑. 𝟐𝟓
𝝈 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓 𝟕
𝑧=
𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓
▰ Required: 𝑧 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟔𝟏𝟓
𝒛 =? 𝑧 ≈ 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 36
Finding the area under the Normal
Curve
▰ What is the area under the normal curve
from 𝒛 = 𝟎 to 𝒛 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓?
Z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.475 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4842 0.4846 0.485 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.489
37
Finding the area under the Normal
Curve
𝝁 = 𝟕𝟑 𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎
38
Find and graph the area of the
following:
𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝜇 𝑥 𝜎 𝑧
1. 73 85 4 3
2. 30 28 2 -1
3. 10 15 2.5 2
4. 64 99 12.78 2.74
5. 54 78 18.75 1.28 39
Graph
40
“ Your turn
41
Finding the area under the
Normal Curve
▰ Suppose that 1,000 students took a
Math Examination wherein the
maximum score that they can obtain is
100. Their average is 70 with a standard
deviation of 5. how many of the student
obtained a score from 70 to 95? 42
THANKS!
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You can find me at
@username & user@mail.me
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