This document contains 9 multi-part physics problems involving concepts in gas dynamics and compressible flow, along with their step-by-step solutions. The problems cover topics like isentropic flow in nozzles and ducts, choked flow, and variations in flow properties like pressure, temperature and Mach number. Key parameters calculated include flow areas, velocities, temperatures and Mach numbers at different points in the systems.
This document contains 9 multi-part physics problems involving concepts in gas dynamics and compressible flow, along with their step-by-step solutions. The problems cover topics like isentropic flow in nozzles and ducts, choked flow, and variations in flow properties like pressure, temperature and Mach number. Key parameters calculated include flow areas, velocities, temperatures and Mach numbers at different points in the systems.
This document contains 9 multi-part physics problems involving concepts in gas dynamics and compressible flow, along with their step-by-step solutions. The problems cover topics like isentropic flow in nozzles and ducts, choked flow, and variations in flow properties like pressure, temperature and Mach number. Key parameters calculated include flow areas, velocities, temperatures and Mach numbers at different points in the systems.
This document contains 9 multi-part physics problems involving concepts in gas dynamics and compressible flow, along with their step-by-step solutions. The problems cover topics like isentropic flow in nozzles and ducts, choked flow, and variations in flow properties like pressure, temperature and Mach number. Key parameters calculated include flow areas, velocities, temperatures and Mach numbers at different points in the systems.
Assignment - 6 : Solutions Manjul Sharma & Aswathy Nair K. Department of Aerospace Engineering IIT Madras March 5, 2016
1) Air is discharged from a reservoir at 6.91 bar and 325 through a variable area duct. The static pressure at a section inside the duct is 0.98 bar. If the flow rate is 3600 kg/h, determine the area and Mach number at this section assuming the flow to be isentropic.
P2 0.98 = = 0.142 P02 6.91 P2 From Gas tables, corresponding to = 0.142, P02 M2 = 1.93
ṁ ṁ = ρ2 A2 v2 ⇒ A2 = P2 √ RT2 M2 γRT2
⇒ A2 = 13.85 cm2
2) A reservoir supplies air to a converging nozzle in which it is expanded isentropically to an exit pressure of 1.015 bar. The pressure inside the reservoir is 1.5 bar. If the exit velocity is 250 m/s, determine the temperature of air inside the reservoir and the Mach number at the exit of the nozzle.
Answer : (u) T02 = 294.75 K; M2 = 0.768
Given : P2 = 1.015 bar; P0 = 1.5 bar; v2 = 250 m/s
To find : T0 , M2
P2 1.015 = = 0.677 P02 1.5 P2 From Gas tables, corresponding to = 0.677, P02 M2 = 0.768
1 v2 Since M2 = √ ⇒ T2 = 263.72 K γRT2 Also from Gas tables, corresponding to M2 = 0.768, T2 = 0.894 T02 ⇒ T02 = T0 ≈ 294.75 K
3) Atmospheric air is sucked by a blower through a convergent nozzle with exit diameter of 10 cm. If the atmospheric pressure and temperature are 1.013 bar and 288 K respectively and the air velocity at the exit reaches the sonic values, determine static temperature at the exit and the maximum possible mass flow rate through the nozzle.
π 2 M2 = 1 ⇒ A2 = A2 ∗ = A1 ∗ = D2 = 7.854 × 10−3 m2 4 From Gas tables, for M2 = 1, T2 = 0.833 ⇒ T2 = 240.19 K T02
r −(γ+1) P0 γ γ−1 2(γ−1) ṁmax =A √ ∗ 1+ T0 R 2 ⇒ ṁmax = 1.89 kg/s
4) A reservoir with infinite supply of air maintains within it air with a density of 1.12 kg/m3 . The velocity of sound in the reservoir is measured as 500 m/s. Determine pressure and temperature at the exit of a nozzle, with exit diameter 1 cm, connected to this reservoir. Assume isentropic choked flow conditions in the nozzle.
π 2 M2 = 1 ⇒ A2 = A2 ∗ = A1 ∗ = D2 = 7.854 × 10−5 m2 4 p a0 = γRT0 ⇒ T0 = 622.2 K P0 = ρ0 RT0 ⇒ P0 = 200000 P a = 2 bar
From Gas tables, for M2 = 1,
P2 = 0.528 ⇒ P2 = 1.056 bar P02
2 Similarly, T2 = 0.833 ⇒ T2 = 518.3 K T02
5) An experiment is conducted with flow through a converging nozzle. The nozzle receives air from a reser- voir in which the temperature is 350 K. Stagnation pressure at the exit of the nozzle is measured 1.35 bar and the static temperature at the exit of the nozzle is measured as 303 K. Determine the exit Mach number and exit area for choked flow if the exit area of the nozzle is 0.1 m2 . Assume isentropic conditions inside the nozzle throughout the experiment.
6) A bicycle tire is filled with air at 169.12 kPa and 30 . The valve breaks and air exhausts into atmosphere of 100 kPa and 20 . The valve exit is 2 mm diameter and is the smallest area in the system. Assuming one-dimensional isentropic flow find the initial Mach number at the exit.
