Question No 1:
Let R and S be the following relations on A= {1, 2, 3}
R= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 3), (1, 3), (2, 2)}
S= {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (3, 3), (2, 2)}
Find the following
a) RS
b) RS
c) R S
d) S2= S S
Solution:
a) R S = {(1, 2),(3, 3),(1,3),(2,2)}
b) R S = {(1, 1),(1, 2),(1, 3),(2, 1),(2,2),(2, 3),(3, 1),(3, 3)}
c) R S = {(1,2),(1,1),(2,3),(3,2),(1, 3),(2,1),(2, 2),(3, 1),(3, 3)}
d) S2= S S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 1),(2,3),(3,3)}
Question No 2:
Determine whether the relation shown by the directed graph is reflexive, symmetric, anti-
symmetric or transitive?
Solution:
Reflexive:
There is not a loop at every point of the directed graph so it is not reflexive.
Symmetric & Anti-symmetric:
It is neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric, since there is an edge from a to b but not one
from b to a. but there are edges in both directions b and c.
Transitive:
It is not transitive, since there is an edge from a to b and an edge from b to c, but no edge
from a to c.
Question No 3:
In the following diagram
(a) Write the relation R as set of ordered pairs then write inverse of R.
(b) Whether it is symmetric or anti-symmetric relation?
Solution:
R {( x, x), ( x, y ), ( y, z ), (z, y), ( z, x)}
(a)
R 1 {( x, x), ( y, x), ( z , y ), (y, z), ( x, z )}
(b) It is neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric, since there is an edge from z to x but not
one from x to z. but there are edges in both directions z and y.
Question No 4:
Let X {1, 2,3, 4} be a set and R x, y x y is a relation on X. Find all the ordered
pairs of R and R 1 . Also draw the directed graph of R.
Solution:
X 1, 2,3, 4
X X 1, 2,3, 4 1, 2,3, 4
So (1,1), (1, 2), (1,3), (1, 4), (2,1), (2, 2), (2,3), (2, 4),
(3,1), (3, 2), (3,3), (3, 4), (4,1), (4, 2), (4,3), (4, 4)
R (1,1), (1, 2), (1,3), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2,3), (2, 4), (3,3), (3, 4), (4, 4)
R 1 (1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (3,3), (4,3)(4, 4)
The directed graph of R is
Question No 5:
Let R1 and R2 be the relations on a set A {1, 2,3, 4} given by
R1 {(1,1),(1, 2),(3, 2),(3, 4),(4, 2)}
R2 {(1, 2),(2,1),(3,1),(4, 4),(2, 2)}
Find the ordered pairs of R1 R2 and R2 R1 .
Solution:
R2 R1 {(1, 2),(1,1),(4,1),(3,1),(3, 2),(3, 4),(4, 2)}
R1 R2 {(2,1),(2, 2),(3,1),(3, 2),(4, 2)}
Question No 6:
Find the matrix representing the relations S R where the matrices representing R and S
are as follows
1 0 0 0 1 0
M R 1 1 0 M S 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 1
Solution:
Question No 7:
x 3
If f ( x) 3 and g ( x) x 2 then find the value of 5 f (2) 7 g (4) .
2 4
Solution:
f (2) 1 3 4
g (4) 3 2 1
Then
5 f (2) 7 g (4) 5(4) 7(1)
20 7 13
Question No 8:
Determine whether f : Z R such that f (n) 2 n is a function or not.
Solution:
f is not defined for n 0 , since f results in imaginary values (not real). So f is not a
function.
