CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

It is generally accepted as a common saying that every work and no play makes

jack a dull boy (Drucker, 2011). Thus, this is a phenomenon that occasion the need for

work leave. Human is said to be only functioning resources that pushes the activities of

other management resources into action. The proper functioning of the element of

management such as planning, organizing, coordinating, staffing, recruiting, and

directing calls for keen and meticulous implementation of workable administrative plan.

The administrative resources of the management are not under-used or over-used. It is

apparently a known fact that men are finite and this have elastic limit. The human body

functions at its best for adequate and effective discharge of duties when adequate

refreshing plan is put in order. Hence, this gives rise to the need for a work leave. Work

leave therefore is a deliberate system that is put in place by the management to formally

absent members of staff from work on order to certain and increase their level of

effectiveness. Additionally, the work leave plan it also regarded as a temporal absence of

an employee from his or her primary job while maintaining the status of employee

(Drucker, 2011). There are dimensions of work leave such as garden leave, annual leave,

sabbatical leave, medical leave, exam leave, etc. According to the U. S Department on

Management,work leave enables employees to take time off from work for various

reasons. This act is ubiquitous among the nations of the world. Urbycoz in his words

asserts that the term “work leave” originated in the British civil service where employees

had the right to request special leave for exceptional purpose. According to the MANILA

DOCTORS HOSPITAL guideline, work leave is carried out to attain the employees

1
highest working efficiency as far as performance and compliance to duties are concerned.

The information also pinpoints that many employees commit general leave of absence but

the these leaves are subject to prior computation and meticulous monitoring in order to

give what should be vested to an employee. Thus, this indicates that the work leave is

designed and implemented in such a way that the scheduling has zero negative effect on

the functioning of the management system as due, priority scheduling techniques is

keenly contracted. This scheduling design in line with the management system monitors

the number of leaves and employee commits and proper computations of such absence.

The priority scheduling techniques considers proper arrangement in an organized and

systematic way. This will in turn retain and improve the work efficiency and quality of

service. The design and implementation of work leave scheduling and management

system, using priority scheduling techniques. Ultimately, the scheduling is aimed at

enabling the employee to be refreshed for quality service. Performance and delivery and

secondly to ensure that the scheduling plan has a positive effective on the growth and

development of the managerial system in the organization. HriditaAfsana adequately

informs that the human resources are the valuable resources an organization depends on

for it success because of the potential to manage the most note worthy and valuable

resources of an organization (Porter & Kramer, 2011). This, therefore, indicates that

the proper design and implementation of work leave scheduling in the managerial system

would succeed a breast the human resources of the managerial consequently since the

human resource equally needs adequate rest to function at its best in order to avoid

personal and managerial collapse, a proper work leave scheduling system must be put in

place buy using priority scheduling techniques.

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3
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

The strength of team work is said to be embattled if an organization fails to

properly fractionalize the decisions that surround the work leave prioritization. This

however has been the order of the day in most organization in the sense that proper

prioritization is neglected and not brought to book. This in turn reflects a negative effect

on hesole aim of the establishment which is the maximizations only approve work leave

respectively without prioritizing the need for the later to want the former the need for the

later to want for the former and vice versa.

HriditaAfsana (2013), comments in his works the major part of Human Resource

department is to keep all the records of personal information and managing leave data of

all the employees, most importantly paid leaves taken by employees, up to date and

readily available in times of need. He stress that “the maintenance of these become

apparently difficult for the Human Resource department when all the is done manually”

Thus, Hridita stress the computation of the employees work leave in order to by

pass the huddle created by the manual approach system. But this research emphasizes the

priority scheduling techniques for the employees work leave.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this project is to develop a work leave scheduling and management

system with the following objectives:

i. Adaption of priority scheduling techniques to work leave scheduling

ii. Implementation of the adapted algorithm

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1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This project is beneficial to organizations, entrepreneurs and functioning

companies because it will aid a clearer understanding of administering work leave in the

ways and manner that it does not affect the growth and development of the management.

It will be of immense benefits to private firm owners, who quite for a purposeful,

yielding and success oriented establishments.

This work equally unravels literatures capable of helping a management to tune to

an updated options is far as work leave smooth running. This project will be an eye

opener to the human resource manager as he sits meticulously on his decisions making,

regarding the leaves to approve or not. On a final not this project will recommend ways

by which an organization could be well managed work title or no interference stemming

form the work leave management plan through priority scheduling techniques

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project is focused on the design and implementation of work leave

scheduling and management system using priority scheduling techniques. It uses the

practice of work leave management in WANDEL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED. To get

hold of relevant information for his project, the company to located at 77/79 Eric Moore

Road, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. The company is into importing and distributing the TVs

motors company, India and Luminous inverters.

5
1.6 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Term that are germane to this project are defined and they are as follows:

Work: Is the activity involving in mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a

purpose or it is also the place where one is employed.

Leave: Is a period of time that one must be away from one’s primary job while

maintaining the status of employee.

Work Leave: This can be defined as the time off work to much on employee may be

entitled depend on the organization leave plan schedule through a formal process prior to

approval.

Management: This can be defined as the process of the administration of an

organization through principle relating to the functions of planning, organizing, directing,

staffing, leading and controlling (a group of one or more people or entitle) or effort for

the purpose of accomplishing a goal.

Management System: This can be defined as a set of policies, process and procedure

used by an organization to ensure that it can fulfill the tasks required to achieve its

objectives.

Priority: This can be defined as the fact or condition of being regarded or treated as more

importance than others, it also refers to the important to be dealt with first. In this work, it

is used to consider what leave request should be given priority.

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Priority Scheduling: This can be defined as the method or techniques of scheduling

processes based on priority. In this project, it is used to consider the work leave priority

scheduling so as not to affect the work flow of the organization.

1.7 ORGANISATION OF THE STUDY

This is the overall organizational structure of the work as presented in this

project writeup.

Chapter one of this project deals with the introduction to the general work in the

project. It also entails the statement of the problem, aim and objectives of the project, the

significance of the study, the scope and limitation of the study and organization of the

report.

Chapter two deals with the review of related journals and books, historical

background of the study, as well as computerization of current state of the art.

Chapter three covers the methods used for data collection, description of the

current procedure, problems of existing system, description of the proposed system and

the basic advantages of the proposed is system based application.

Chapter four entails design, implementation and documentation of the system.

The design involves the system design, output design form, input design form, database

structure and the procedure of the system. The implementation involves the

implementation techniques used in details, choice of programming language used and the

hardware and software support. The documentation of the system involves the operation

of the system and the maintenance of the system.

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Chapter five deals with the summary, experience gained, conclusion,

recommendation and references.

8
 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

Leave Management System by Pratik (2011),stated that leaves are maintained

using the attendance register for staff. The staff needs to submit their leaves manually to

their respective authorities. This increases the paperwork and maintaining the records

becomes tedious. Maintaining notices in the records also increases the paperwork. The

main objective of the proposed system is to decrease the paperwork and help in easier

record maintenance by having particular centralized Database System, where Leaves and

Notices are maintained. The proposed system automates the existing system. It decreases

the paperwork and enables easier record maintenance. It also reduces chances of Data

loss. He also stated that Leave Management System is the important system in

administration department in all company. However, the management is different for

each company. Some company still comfort with the manual system and the other make

change the system from manual to computerize to make the management more effective.

Leave time is a comprehensive and flexible leave management system enabling us to

enter and manage leave requests according to company rules. This time of the year, many

employers face a formidable task of juggling and approving leaves applications.

Employer need to ensure they are keeping staff happy but retaining the right workforce to

do the job for themselves and customers over Eid-New Year, traditionally a time with

high priorities on maintenance and preparations for the year ahead. This company

develop an automated payroll and leave management systems which offers an on-line

leave management system designed to radically simplify for employees and employers

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alike the process of planning, applying for and approving leave. This system eliminates

paperwork and cuts delay by enabling employees and supervisors to action time-off

applications simply by entering the dates and type of leave being sought after the

employee has viewed his or her entitlements online. Employees used a personal ID code

to get immediate access to their entitlements, while managers can at a glance see all

employees' leave history, leave balances, pending leave applications and approved. The

benefit of the system is that it saves time by eliminating paperwork, enhances employee

satisfaction by speeding up the process and helps managers by ensuring compliance with

company policies. Their system is a web-based, there is no software to install or support

and no additional hardware required to operate the system.

Student leave management system by Jyotirmay and Solanki (2011), discussed

about scheduling policies of central processing unit (CPU) for computer system. A

number of problems were solved to find the appropriate among them. Therefore, based

on performance, the shortest job first (SJF) algorithm is suggested for the CPU

scheduling problem to decrease either the average waiting time or average turnaround

time. Also, the first come first serve (FCFS) algorithm is suggested for the CPU

scheduling problems to reduce either the average CPU utilization or average throughput.

Employee Leave Management System by Jain (2014) affirms that the success of

any organization widely depends on human resources. Managing human resources

strategically has become very important for the companies in today world HR manager’s

role and skills have developed significantly because of the adoption and use of new

technologies. He reveal that In the existing system, leaves are maintained using the

10
attendance register for staff. The staff needs to submit their leaves manually to their

respective authorities. This increases the paperwork & maintaining the records becomes

tedious. Maintaining notices in the records also increases the paperwork. The main

objective of the proposed system is to reduce the paperwork and help in easier record

maintenance by having a particular centralized Database System, where Leaves and

Notices are maintained. The proposed system modernizes and automates the existing

system. It decreases the paperwork and enables easier record maintenance. It also reduces

chances of Data loss. This module intelligently adapts to HR policy of the management &

allows easy leave handling for better scheduling of workload.

The Leave Management System (LMS)byMehdi (2010), stated that leave

management is an Intranet based application that can be accessed throughout the

organisation or a specified group/Dept. This system can be used to automate the

workflow of leave applications and their approvals. The periodic crediting of leave is also

automated. There are features like email notifications, automatic approval of leave, report

generators in this system.

Leave Management System byNeshat, Mehdi Sargolzali, Adel Najaran, Aliadeli

(2012), The new method of adoptive CPU scheduling using Fonseca and Fleming’s

genetic algorithm, proposed a new CPU scheduling. This algorithm based on three

parameters of CPU burst time, VO service time and priority of processes. The proposed

FFGA multi objective optimization algorithm is used. It selects and runs the desired

process through adaptation. In this algorithm, the priority of processes increases with

time. The proposal algorithm is analyzed with the other method showed that the average

waiting time and average response time are reduced.

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2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS

Student leave management system by Ghanadarko-Asumadu et al (2010) in their

works inform that the influence of work-life balance on employee commitment and this

should be of interest to social workers. In the banking sector where employees work

interferes with their social life, it is crucial to examine their commitment.

The objectives of the study were to explore employee’s perception on work-life

balance and the relationship between work-life balance and commitment. In other words

the concept of work leave makes the acquisition of the best working ability from an

employee obtainable. Work leave is regarded as a break from work for the refreshing of

the mental reasoning of a worker in order to bring out the best from them. Bridget Miller

notes that the work leaves are legally mandated to be available and others are voluntarily

offered by employers. According to Adekola, work leave is defined as formal period of

absence from work place based on the contractual agreement of employment. He adds

that it assists to boost the morale of the employees.

Leave can also be defined as a period of time that an employee must be away

from his primary job, while maintaining the status of employee. Thus, it can further be

seen as the hours or days employee of an organization is permitted to be away from their

employment. This implies that the times. Taken off is paid by the company or

organization and the employees are allowed to request the time for any reason they wish

to be off from work. Ultimately, it is supposed that work leave enables the employee to

bring out the best in him when he returns back to the office. This time off is important to

maintaining a positive a work/life balance.

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2.2.1 TYPES OF WORK LEAVE

Employees need time to leave work for many different types of situation and they

will need to request this time from their supervisor. The employee of any organization are

entitled to certain types of leaves during their work tenures help them maintain adequacy

and skillfulness for higher performance in the discharge of their duties.

There are different types of work leave, some are official authorized to be offered,

and others are voluntary presented by employers.

According to the policy of MetLife, there are types of leave that all employees of

the organization can avail.

i. Earned leave (Annual / privilege leave)

ii. Casual leave

iii. Sick leave

iv. Maternity leave

v. Volunteering leave

vi. Study leave

vii. Leave without pay (LWP)

2.2.2 DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEAVE

1. EARNED LEAVE (ANNUAL / PRIVILEGE LEAVE)

This type of leave is completed one year of permanent employee who has

completed one year of continuous service at MetLife. He/she will be able to avail earned

leave of eighteen working days. It is counted of in year an employee will be able to

14
request for leave fare assistance (LFA) with an application of minimum 3days of earned

leave which must be submitted within two months before the date of availing. Un–availed

annual earned leave(s) shall be accumulated or carried forward to next year which shall

not exceed 6 working days.

2. CASUAL LEAVE

This can be applied by an employee when he/she is unable to attend office due to

situation of an emergency nature. It is counted in working days. Casual leave is granted

for maximum (3) days at a stretch and cannot be prefixed with annual leave or holiday. It

cannot be carried forward to next year. The company have right to disallow any casual

leave if it is not satisfied with the reasons for absence of the employees for which casual

leave has been applied for.

3. SICK LEAVE

All employees are entitled to sick leave from the date of joining at MetLife. Sick

leaves are counted in calendar days and are not carried forward to next year. If an

employee remain sick for more than two consecutive working days then the employee

must provide a medical certificate issued by a licensed medical practitioner after joining.

4. MATERNITY LEAVE

At MetLife, a female employee is entitled to avail maternity leave for 180days

with full payment. After completion of (6) six months service in the company will be

entitled to avail maternity leave. This type of leave is not be admissible more than twice

during her tenure of service in MetLife.

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5. VOLUNTARY LEAVE

This type of leave is provided to employees to encourage them to contribute to

social activities and help people in need. All permanent employees of MetLife can apply

for up to 1 working day or (2 half days) of each calendar year and this leave is not carried

forward or accumulated in next year.

6. STUDY LEAVE

This type of leave is guided by the policies developed by MetLife Bangladesh for

different study programs.

7. LEAVE WITHOUT PAY (LWP)

Leave without pay may be granted to an employee in special circumstances when

no other leave is under this policy permissible or if all other applicable leave has been

availed. LWP is measured in calendar days.

Other forms of work leave are also listed below:

i. Bereavement

ii. Administrative

iii. Voting

iv. Compassionate leave

v. Career break leave

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM

3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology refers to the methods or tools that is used during the research

work. The proposed system is developed with C# programming language and MYSQL as

the database. They are as follows;

i. For Data Gathering: the method I used in gathering of data is direct. Due to the

importance attached to collection of accurate information from the right, authentic

and reliable source.

ii. Technique Used: the technique that I used in the proposed system is the parallel

method of implementation simply because parallel supports the use of a system

with the existing one in case of system failure so that it will not be back to square

one for the user of such system.

iii. Tools: The system frontend was implemented using C# while Microsoft SQL

Server was used for the backend.

Other method that can be employed for the system aside the ones i used are;

a. Use of internet: this is the medium of gathering information through searching on

the internet.

3.1.2 PRIORITY SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE

Scheduling forms the basis of multi-programmed operating systems. It is because

scheduling determines which processes run when there are multiple runnable processes.

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For the system of single processor, when multiple process comes, then one process can be

execute at a time and other process remain in waiting state until the CPU becomes ideal

or can be schedule again. To expand the CPU usage, the goal of multiprogramming is to

have some procedure running at all times. CPU scheduling manages the issue of choosing

which of the procedures in the ready queue is to be assigned the CPU. Operating System

usually performs scheduling of processes which is major task of a system. Different

number of algorithms is used to schedule processes such as First Come First Serve

(FCFS), Shortest Job First (SJF), round robin and priority scheduling algorithm. In FCFS,

the process that arrives first is executed first. The SJF works on shortest burst time it

means the job that has lowest burst time is executed first and then another process and so

on. In the round robin scheduling, processes are executed in First In First Out (FIFO)

manner but are given a small amount of CPU time called a time-slice or a quantum. The

CPU is preempted, if a process does not complete before its CPU-time expires and given

to the next process waiting in a queue. In priority Scheduling algorithm, a priority is

assigned to each process, and priority is allowed to run. Each process have their different

priorities, according to the priority the processes are executed. Higher priority process

will executed first and then the lower priority and so on. Generally, we use the lowest

integer as highest priority. If the two or more process has equal priorities then they

executed in FCFS manner such that the process which enters first will executed first. The

decision of priority can be internally or externally. Internal priority uses some factors

these are available to calculate the priority of a process. External priorities are set by

criteria outside the operating system.

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3.2 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

Before the use of computer for work leave management system the existing paper

work related to leave management, leaves are maintained using the attendance register

for staff. The staff needs to submit their leaves manually to their respective authorities.

This increases the paperwork & maintaining the records becomes tedious. Maintaining

notices in the records also increases the paperwork.

3.3 PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The use of paper work for work leave does not ensures security of every record. It

increases the redundancy of data and gives various facilities. It leads to loss of data. The

employee has to write a letter to its superior for leave which makes it a tedious work for

the employee.

The following problems are faced with the existing system:

1. Lack of Security

Paper document filing can be less secure than electronic filing systems.

Misplaced documents can easily be placed in the wrong hands. Clients expect

their information to be secure in your hands. If you can’t keep this safe, you are at

risk for losing them. A cabinet filled with files is way easier to access than a

computer which requires a password and credentials to get into.

2. Access Time

Manual leave document filing is very time consuming. Not only do you

have to organize and store the files, hunting down the information when it is need

20
 can take time. It can take anywhere from minutes to hours to hunt down a file,

depending on how well your organization is. This can cause annoyance for

management as well as for employees. Their productivity is lowered by having to

spend excessive time dealing with a paper filing system.

3. Higher Cost

When you use paper documents for your work leave your costs are going

to be higher because you are paying for ink and paper. Your office supply bill will

be higher if you are using a manual document filing process. While you might

think this is insignificant, overtime it’s a lot of money that can be used in better

ways.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM

4.1 DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM

Generally, all efforts are geared toward designing a system program that

eliminates all the setbacks of the existing manual method. This new approach is simple,

efficient and guaranteed.

The proposed is designed in order to meet the goal and objective of the

organization. The design of the system is intended to solve the various problems

contributed in the manual method of work leave request and approval method.

4.1.1 OUTPUT DESIGN

In the below figure, it is Admin dashboard page screen which contain the all

module of the project like add employee, Requested leave, Show allowed leave and show

employee.

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Figure 1:Work Leave requestAdmin Home Page Screenshot

Figure 2: Employee Leave Request Page Screenshot

4.1.2 INPUT DESIGN

In the below figure management can log-in with there unique Id and password and

redirect to the Admin Home Page.

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Figure 4: Adminlogin Page Screenshot

Figure 5: Staff login Page Screenshot

This form will add new employee where fills all necessary details.

24
Figure 5: Add Employee Page Screenshot

25
4.1.3 PRIORITY INPUT DATA AND RESULT

Input :

process no-> 1 2 3 4 5

arrival time-> 0 1 3 2 4

burst time-> 3 6 1 2 4

priority-> 3 4 9 7 8

Output :

Process_noStart_timeComplete_timeTurn_Around_TimeWating_Time

1 0 3 3 0

2 3 9 8 2

4 9 11 9 7

3 11 12 9 8

5 12 16 12 8

Average Wating Time is : 5.0

Average Trun Around time is : 8.2

4.1.4 DATABASE

Database entails the organization and access mode that are implemented in

carrying out our specified operations upon the records of the file.

The files used in this system have records that have been organized randomly

(random organization) and for this purpose, it will be more appropriate to access the

records of the files randomly (random access mode).

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Table1: Employees Table Structure

FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE

ID BIGINT

FIRST NAME VARCHAR

LAST NAME VARCHAR

GENDER VARCHAR

PHONE_NO VARCHAR

ADDRESS VARCHAR

DEPARTMENT VARCHAR

POSITION VARCHAR

4.1.5 PROCEDURE DESIGN

This refers to the step by step method of using the proposed system. The proposed

system comprises of management Login, Employee Login, add different Leave, Request

for leave, Approve leave request, Report. The steps to use the proposed system are as

follows

Installed the Application

a. You are prompted to supply the username and password this verifies that you are

an administrator and has the privileged to view this page.

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b. If the username and password supplied are correct as that of an administrator you

are prompted with the home page for the administrator and if the supplied details

is that of aemployee you are redirected to the employee page where you can apply

for leave and review your leave status.

c. The username and password are in two formats as an administrator as well as

aemployee.

d. As an administrator you are directed to page containing all the facilities of the

system.

e. As anemployee supply the details given to you by the administrator then you will

be prompted with your Home page to apply for leave.

4.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM

System implementation entails the requirements of the system that will run the

new application considering the hardware and software needed for effective performance

of the program.

Implementation of a system can be explained in six steps: -

1. Review design specification

2. Code, test and document programs

3. Train employees

4. Perform system test

5. Convert to new system

6. Evaluate and maintain the new system

4.2.1 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Microsoft Visual Studio 2012

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 It is an integrated development environment from Microsoft. It is used to develop

console and graphical user interface application along with Windows Forms or WPF

application, web sites, web application and web services in both native code together

with managed code for all platforms. It includes a code editor supporting intelligence as

well as code refactoring. In this project Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 has been used.

Microsoft Visual C# It’s an implementation of the c sharp (C#) language, targets the

.NET framework, along with the language services that lets the visual studio IDE support

C# projects. While the languages are a part of visual studio, the compiler is available

separately as a part of the .NET framework.

Microsoft SQL Server (MYSQL)

It is a RDBMS developed by Microsoft. As a database it is a software product

whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other applications, be

it those on another computer across a network. I have used Microsoft SQL Server 2010

during the completion of my project.

In preparation for the installation of the new system, the method of changeover is

given serious consideration to determine the success of the new system. Suitable

changeover technique for this system is pilot changeover. The pilot changeover operates

by applying the new system bit-by-bit until it covers the whole of the operations. The

result obtained from using the pilot method on a small portion of the operations would be

used in determining the suitability of the need system for the rest of the operations. This

method is similar to testing small sample of a distribution if the test yields a good result

29
then the whole system become fully operational and the manual/existing system is

eliminated.

4.2.2 HARDWARE SUPPORT

i. Minimum of Microcomputer 1.50GHZ processor, 2 GB RAM, 350GB HDD, 3.5

“FDD, 14” VGA Monitor Windows 2000 Enhanced keyboard, and mouse.
ii. Scanner

4.2.3 SOFTWARE

I. Microsoft visual studio as chosen compiler

ii. C# (C Sharp) as chosen programing language

iii. MY SQL Database Management Software

4.3 PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION

4.3.1 DOCUMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM

This is the detailed description of the proposed system. It important because it

helps to design and implement a system that would allow shopping by getting into the

company website on the internet from anywhere. It also helps to design and implement a

website that will be more interactive and more information about company activities.

Moreover, it designs and implements a system that will create a virtual

community, which does not necessitate the use of offices and staff stationed around the

world.

4.3.2 OPERATING THE SYSTEM

Step 1: Boot your computer and click on start button on task bar

Step 2: Launch the install application

Step 3: Press any key to continue

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 Step 4:Supply your username and password to access the system

Step 5: Select any operation of your choice

Step 6: Logout

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY

The implementation of Work Leave Scheduling Management System is aimed at

developing a Leave scheduling management system that is of importance to either an

organization. The Work Leave Scheduling Management System (WLSMS) is a

standalone application (Desktop Application) that can only be accessed throughout the

organization system or a specified group/Dept. This system can be used to automate the

workflow of leave applications and their approvals. The periodic crediting of leave is also

automated. There are features like Scheduling leave request, approval of leave, report

generators etc. in this system. Work Leave Scheduling Management application will

reduce paper work and maintains record in more efficient way.

5.2 CONCLUSION

This chapter officially completes this study on work leave scheduling

administration in the Public Service. In this the whole study was summarized and the

findings were analysed. From the findings in this study the recommendations were made

which can be implemented to ensure that what has been discovered as challenges or areas

31
of non-compliance can be addressed. Perhaps when these recommendations are

implemented there can be change in how leave as benefit is perceived, managed and

utilized.

5.3RECOMMENDATION

Emanating from the findings, the following are the recommendations that can

be implemented.

1. Training and Development

Training and development should be provided on a continuous basis. There

are always changes and amendments on the leave policy, as the result training

will provide an opportunity to close that skill gap.

2. Electronic System and Leave Management

Employee leave management is a basic HR task and one that affects all

employees. It was discovered that the public sector is still using the manual

system to apply and record leave. A lot of challenges can be encountered

during the leave processing. Sharma (2009) highlights the importance of the

electronic system and leave management as follows:

 Accurate information about leave data.

 Conveying policy rules.

 Compliance to leave policy.

 Instant information about employee’s leave history.

 Saves HR’s Time.

 Improves discipline.

 Multi-location holiday management (Sharma, 2009).

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3. Leave Planning

The departments indicated that leave planning is happening in their

departments. Some of the cases may not be controlled such as the family

responsibility leave. The researcher suggests that the public sector must plan

and manage leave carefully within each directorate to ensure that:

 It is programmed and spread evenly throughout the year, to secure

utilizationand allow for the better management of workloads; and

 It is not left to accumulate towards the end of the calendar year. Leave

scheduling should be done in January as soon as the leave credits are

given to the staff members. This will ensure that leave is well managed

and further that the officials will know their leave days.

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 SOURCE CODE
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace LEAVE_SCHEDULER
{
public partial class frmLogin : Form
{
public frmLogin()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

private void frmLogin_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
cmbmode.Items.Add("--SELECT MODE OF LOGIN--");
cmbmode.Items.Add("ADMIN");
cmbmode.Items.Add("STAFF");
cmbmode.SelectedIndex = 0;
}

private void btnlogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (cmbmode.SelectedIndex == 1 &&txtuser.Text == "admin"
&&txtpass.Text == "admin")
{
this.Hide();
frmMain m = new frmMain();
m.lbldont.Text = txtuser.Text;
m.btnrequest.Visible = false;
m.btncheck.Visible = false;
m.ShowDialog();
this.Close();
}
else if (cmbmode.SelectedIndex == 2)
{

34
 try
{
leave.OpenMe();
MySqlDataReadermyreader;
string sql = "SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE staff_id
='" + txtuser.Text + "' AND password ='" + txtpass.Text + "'";
MySqlCommandcmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, leave.mycon);
myreader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
int i = 0;
while (myreader.Read())
{
i = i + 1;
}
if (i> 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("Access Granted>>>>");
this.Hide();
frmMain g = new frmMain();
g.lbldont.Text = txtuser.Text;
g.btnrequest.Location = new Point (16, 47);
g.btncheck.Location = new Point (16, 147);
g.btnlogout.Location = new Point(16, 245);
g.btncheck.Visible = true;
g.btnrequest.Visible = true;
g.btnshowleave.Visible = false;
g.btngrant.Visible = false;
g.btnAddstaff.Visible = false;
g.ShowDialog();
this.Close();
leave.CloseMe();
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("YOU'RE NOT A REGISTERED STAFF!");
}
leave.CloseMe();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("MODE OF LOGIN NOT ACCEPTED");
}
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

35
 {
Application.Exit();
}

private void button1_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
Application.Exit();
}
}
}

using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace LEAVE_SCHEDULER
{
public partial class frmAddstaff : Form
{
public frmAddstaff()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
this.Dispose();
}

private void frmAddstaff_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
Random rnd = new Random();
int a = rnd.Next(9000, 10000);
txtid.Text = "ST" + a.ToString();
cmbgender.Items.Add("--SELECT YOUR GENDER--");
cmbgender.Items.Add("MALE");
cmbgender.Items.Add("FEMALE");
cmbgender.SelectedIndex = 0;
txtname.Focus();
}

private void btnsave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

36
 {
if (txtmail.Text == "" || txtname.Text == "" ||
txtpass.Text == "" || txtphone.Text == "" || txtpost.Text == "" ||
cmbgender.SelectedIndex == 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("ALL FIELDS ARE REQUIRED TO BE FILLED CORRECTLY");
txtname.Focus();
}
else
{
try
{
leave.OpenMe();
string sql = "INSERT INTO user_table
(name,email,staff_id,gender,dob,post,phone_no,password) values
(@name,@email,@staff_id,@gender,@dob,@post,@phone_no,@password)";
MySqlCommandcmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, leave.mycon);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("name", txtname.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("email", txtmail.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("staff_id", txtid.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("gender", cmbgender.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("dob", dateTimePicker1.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("post", txtpost.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("phone_no", txtphone.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("password", txtpass.Text.Trim());
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
leave.CloseMe();
txtpost.Text = "";
txtname.Text = "";
txtpass.Text = "";
txtphone.Text = "";
txtmail.Text = "";
cmbgender.SelectedIndex = 0;
Random rnd = new Random();
int a = rnd.Next(9000, 10000);
txtid.Text = "ST" + a.ToString();
MessageBox.Show("STAFF ADDED SUCCESSFULLY");
txtname.Focus();
}
catch (Exception ab)
{
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show(ab.Message);
}
}
}
}
}

37
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace LEAVE_SCHEDULER
{
public partial class frmrequest : Form
{
public frmrequest()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
this.Dispose();
}

private void btnrequest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (txtdays.Text == "" || txtdescription.Text == "")
{
MessageBox.Show("FILL ALL FIELDS TO COMPLETE REQUEST");
txtdescription.Focus();
}
else
{
try
{
leave.OpenMe();
string sql = "INSERT INTO request_table
(name,staff_id,post,phone,description,days,start,end) values
(@name,@staff_id,@post,@phone,@description,@days,@start,@end)";
MySqlCommandcmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, leave.mycon);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("name", txtname.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("staff_id", txtid.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("post", txtpost.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("phone", txtphone.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("description", txtdescription.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("days", txtdays.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("start", dateTimePicker1.Text.Trim());
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("end", dateTimePicker2.Text.Trim());
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

38
leave.CloseMe();
txtdescription.Text = "";
txtdays.Text = "";
MessageBox.Show("REQUEST MADE SUCCESSFULLY");
txtdescription.Focus();
}
catch (Exception ab)
{
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show(ab.Message);
}
}
}

private void frmrequest_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
leave.CloseMe();
try
{
leave.OpenMe();
MySqlDataReader reader;
string sql = "SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE staff_id
='" + lblhide.Text + "'";
MySqlCommandcmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, leave.mycon);
reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
txtname.Text = reader["name"].ToString();
txtphone.Text = reader["phone_no"].ToString();
txtpost.Text = reader["post"].ToString();
txtid.Text = reader["staff_id"].ToString();
}
leave.CloseMe();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}

using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;

39
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace LEAVE_SCHEDULER
{
public partial class frmshowleaves : Form
{
public frmshowleaves()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
this.Dispose();
}

private void frmshowleaves_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
//leave.CloseMe();
this.Location = new Point(300, 100);
try
{
leave.OpenMe();
MySqlDataReadermyreader;
string sql = "SELECT * FROM request_table WHERE state
= '" + " " + "'";
MySqlCommandcmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, leave.mycon);
myreader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
int sn = 1;
lst1.Columns.Add("S/N", 50);
lst1.Columns.Add("NAME", 300);
lst1.Columns.Add("POST", 130);
while (myreader.Read())
{
ListViewItem LV1 = lst1.Items.Add(sn.ToString());
LV1.SubItems.Add(myreader["name"].ToString());
LV1.SubItems.Add(myreader["post"].ToString());
sn++;
}
leave.CloseMe();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}

40
 }

private void lst1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs

e)
{

private void btngrant_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
try
{
leave.OpenMe();
string sql = "UPDATE request_table SET state ='" +
"GRANTED" + "' WHERE description ='" + txtdescription.Text + "' AND
staff_id ='" + txtid.Text + "'";
MySqlCommandcmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, leave.mycon);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show("LEAVE GRANTED!");
}
catch (Exception ab)
{
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show(ab.Message);
}
}

private void btnreject_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
try
{
leave.OpenMe();
string sql = "UPDATE request_table SET state ='" +
"DECLINED" + "' WHERE description ='" + txtdescription.Text + "' AND
staff_id ='" + txtid.Text + "'";
MySqlCommandcmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, leave.mycon);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show("LEAVE DECLINED!");
}
catch (Exception ab)
{
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show(ab.Message);
}
}

41
 private void lst1_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int a = int.Parse(lst1.SelectedItems[0].Text);
try
{
leave.OpenMe();
MySqlDataReader reader;
string sql = "SELECT * FROM request_table WHERE id ='"
+ a + "'";
MySqlCommandcmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, leave.mycon);
reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
txtname.Text = reader["name"].ToString();
txtphone.Text = reader["phone"].ToString();
txtpost.Text = reader["post"].ToString();
txtid.Text = reader["staff_id"].ToString();
txtdays.Text = reader["days"].ToString();
txtdescription.Text = reader["description"].ToString();
txtend.Text = reader["end"].ToString();
txtstart.Text = reader["start"].ToString();
}
leave.CloseMe();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
leave.CloseMe();
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}

}
}

42