CIEN 3083

HIGHER
SURVEYING
Assignment No. 4

HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Kelly P. Dionisio; BSCE III –3 Engr. Edna P. Arrojado

April 02, 2018

5. DISCHARGE BY VELOCITY – AREA METHOD. In a stream gaging operation the
measurements were taken as shown in the tabulation below. It is required to
compute the stream discharge from the given data.

DIST FROM MEASURED VELOCITY AT VELOCITY AT

VERTICAL
LWE DEPTH 0.2 DEPTH 0.8 DEPTH
LWE 0m 0.0 m - -
1 10 1.8 0.48 mps 0.36 mps
2 15 2.6 0.43 0.35
3 20 3.2 0.75 0.47
4 25 4.5 0.70 0.51
5 30 5.6 1.10 0.66
6 35 6.7 1.10 0.70
7 40 4.8 0.82 0.49
8 45 5.1 0.76 0.46
RWE 50 2.3 - -

a. Determining area of each section and the cross – sectional area of the
stream.

𝑎1 = (1⁄2)(10 + 5)1.8 = 13.5 𝑠𝑞𝑚 𝑎5 = (1⁄2)(5 + 5)5.6 = 28

𝑎2 = (1⁄2)(5 + 5)2.6 = 13 𝑎6 = (1⁄2)(5 + 5)6.7 = 33.5

𝑎3 = (1⁄2)(5 + 5)3.2 = 16 𝑎7 = (1⁄2)(5 + 5)4.8 = 24

𝑎4 = (1⁄2)(5 + 5)4.5 = 22.5 𝑎8 = (1⁄2)(5 + 5)5.1 = 25.5

𝐴 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + 𝑎4 + 𝑎5 + 𝑎6 + 𝑎7 + 𝑎8

= 13.5 + 13 + 16 + 22.5 + 28 + 33.5 + 24 + 25.5

= 𝟏𝟕𝟔 𝒔𝒒 𝒎 (Total cross-sectional area of the stream)

b. Determining mean velocity in each vertical.

𝑣1 = (1⁄2)(0.48 + 0.36) = 0.42 𝑚𝑝𝑠 𝑣3 = (1⁄2)(0.75 + 0.47) = 0.61

𝑣2 = (1⁄2)(0.43 + 0.35) = 0.39 𝑣4 = (1⁄2)(0.70 + 0.51) = 0.605

 𝑣5 = (1⁄2)(1.10 + 0.66) = 0.88 𝑣7 = (1⁄2)(0.82 + 0.49) = 0.655

𝑣6 = (1⁄2)(1.10 + 0.70) = 0.90 𝑣8 = (1⁄2)(0.76 + 0.46) = 0.61

c. Determining partial discharge in each section and total discharge of the

stream.

𝑞1 = 𝑎1 𝑣1 = 13.5(0.42)
= 5.67 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑞5 = 𝑎5 𝑣5 = 28(0.88) = 24.64

𝑞2 = 𝑎2 𝑣2 = 13(0.39) = 5.07 𝑞6 = 𝑎6 𝑣6 = 33.5(0.90) = 30.15

𝑞3 = 𝑎3 𝑣3 = 16(0.61) = 9.76 𝑞7 = 𝑎7 𝑣7 = 24(0.655) = 15.72

𝑞4 = 𝑎4 𝑣4 = 22.5(0.605) = 13.6125 𝑞8 = 𝑎8 𝑣8 = 25.5(0.61) = 15.555

𝑄 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + 𝑞3 + 𝑞4 + 𝑞5 + 𝑞6 + 𝑞7 + 𝑞8

= 5.67 + 5.07 + 9.76 + 13.6125 + 24.64 + 30.15 + 15.72 + 15.555

= 120.1775 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 (Total discharge of the stream)

d. Determining the average velocity of the stream.

𝑄 120.1775 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = ≈ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝐴 176 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚
7. DISCHARGE BY SLOPE-AREA METHOD. Compute the discharge in cubic meters
per second of a stream by the Chezy formula (using Manning’s Coefficient) from
the following data: average stream cross-section, 38.35 sq m; wetted perimeter,
47.95 m; slope of stream bed, 0.009; and roughness coefficient, 0.024.

A = 38.35 sq m
P = 47.95 m
S = 0.009
n = 0.025

𝑄 = 𝐴(𝐶√𝑅𝑆)

𝐴 38.35 𝑠𝑞 𝑚
𝑅= = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎 (hydraulic radius or mean depth)
𝑃 47.95 𝑚

𝑅 1⁄6 (0.800)1⁄6
𝐶= = = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟓𝟒𝟎 (Manning’s coefficient)
𝑛 0.025

𝑉 = 𝐶 √𝑅𝑆 = 38.540√0.800(0.009) (average stream velocity

= 𝟑. 𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄 using Manning’s coefficient)

𝑄 = 𝐴𝑉 = 38.35(3.27) (discharge of the stream)

𝑸= 𝟏𝟐𝟓. 𝟒𝟎 𝒄𝒖 𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
11. CAPACITY OF RESERVIOR BY CROSS-SECTIONS. Cross-sections were taken across
a lake on ranges 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 (see accompanying sketch). The ranges were
located so that 𝑑1 = 76𝑚, 𝑑2 = 59𝑚, 𝑑3 = 62𝑚, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑4 = 79𝑚. Also, the areas of the
cross-sections as computed from soundings taken on the ranges were recorded as
follows A0=0.0 sq m, A1=396 sq m, A2=587 sq m, A3=292 sq m, A4=0.0 sq m.
Determine the total volume (in cu m) of water contained within the lake.

a) Determining Volume Between Ranges:

𝐴0 + 𝐴1 0.0 + 396
𝑉1 = 𝑑1 ( ) = 76 ( ) = 𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝒄𝒖 𝒎
2 2

𝐴1 + 𝐴2 396 + 587
𝑉2 = 𝑑2 ( ) = 59 ( ) = 𝟐𝟖, 𝟗𝟗𝟖. 𝟓 𝒄𝒖 𝒎
2 2

𝐴2 + 𝐴3 587 + 292
𝑉3 = 𝑑3 ( ) = 62 ( ) = 𝟐𝟕, 𝟐𝟒𝟗 𝒄𝒖 𝒎
2 2

𝐴3 + 𝐴4 292 + 0.0
𝑉4 = 𝑑4 ( ) = 79 ( ) = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟓𝟑𝟒 𝒄𝒖 𝒎
2 2

b) Determining Total Volume:

𝑉 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3 + 𝑉4
𝑉 = 15,048 + 28,998.5 + 27,249 + 11,534

𝑽 = 𝟖𝟐, 𝟖𝟐𝟗. 𝟓 𝒄𝒖 𝒎
13. AREA OF RANGE CROSS-SECTION. Given in the accompanying sketch is a cross-
section which has been plotted from surroundings taken along a range line across
a lake. The cross-section is divided into a series of trapezoids and triangles whose
dimensions are indicated in the sketch. Determine the total area of the cross-
section (in sq m) without disregarding the areas in the end zones.

(3.5)(3.7) 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐴 = = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟕𝟓 𝒔𝒒 𝒎 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐸 = (5.7 + 5.1)(5.3) = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟐 𝒔𝒒 𝒎
2 2

1 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐵 = (3.7 + 6.2)(3.9) = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝒔𝒒 𝒎 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐹 = (5.1 + 3.9)(4.0) = 𝟏𝟖 𝒔𝒒 𝒎
2 2

1 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐶 = (6.2 + 5.0)(4.2) = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 𝒔𝒒 𝒎 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐺 = (3.9 + 4.6)(5.0) = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝒔𝒒 𝒎
2 2

1 (4.2)(4.6)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐷 = (5.0 + 5.7)(4.4) = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟒 𝒔𝒒 𝒎 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐻 = = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟔 𝒔𝒒 𝒎
2 2

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐴 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐵 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐶 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐷 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐸 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐹 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐺 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐻

= 6.475 + 19.305 + 23.52 + 23.54 + 28.62 + 18 + 21.25 + 9.66

= 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟑𝟕 𝒔𝒒 𝒎