Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
Cyber-bullying interactions are usually defined as repeated, harmful interactions
which are deliberately offensive, humiliating, threatening, and power assertive, and are
enacted using electronic equipment, such as cellphones or the Internet, by one or more
individuals towards another. It might be a continuation of real-life bullying but can also
exist on its own (Raza Talpur MA, Touseef T, Ahmed Jilanee SD, Shabu MM, Khan A ,
2018)
A cyber victim is defined as a person who cannot easily defend him or herself
from any form of electronic bullying. cyber perpetrator is defined as a person who
attempts to gain power and dominance over others with any form of electronic bullying.
2.2 Cyber Bullying effects
Victims of cyberbullying experienced a variety of problems, including feelings
of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation and behavioral problems. Despite lower
prevalence rates, cyberbullying victimization is assumed to lead to more severe
psychosocial effects than traditional bullying. (DeSmet, A., De Bourdeaudhuij, I,
Walrave, M., Vandebosch, H., 2019).
Traditional bullying can affect a person more physically but you can ask for help
for the authorities because you know who have done it to you while Cyber Bullying
affects more on the victim’s mental state, being anonymous can be used by the
perpetrator to attack the victim without knowing who have done it.
2.3 Social Media
Social media channels have been everywhere since the early 2000s, and it has
been growing at exponential rates since then Every day we spend 135 minutes on
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Whatsapp. It's hard to imagine a world without it.
(Ahmad, 2018)
Teenagers are among the most avid consumers of social media with
approximately 95% having or having access to a smartphone, a 25% increase from 2014-
2015 (Anderson & Jiang, 2018).
Social media helps us communicate to our love ones and meet new people. This
can also be a tool in doing crimes such as Cyberbullying. By just creating a fake profile,
the cyberbullies can freely spread gossips or harass people without anyone knowing
their identity. The article also shows that most of the consumers of social media are
teenagers, which makes them the majority of victims of Cyberbullying.
2.3 Cyber Bullying Bystanders
Bystanders in cyberbullying may play a crucial role in reducing cyberbullying’s
harm for victims. (DeSmet, A., De Bourdeaudhuij, I, Walrave, M., Vandebosch, H., 2019)
According to stopbullying.gov, They have the potential to make a positive
difference in a bullying situation by becoming an upstander. An upstander is someone
who sees what happens and intervenes, interrupts, or speaks up to stop the bullying.
2.4 Sexual Orientation
Youngsters who identified themselves as heterosexual were less likely to be
victimized as compared to their non-heterosexual counterparts (Talpur MA, Touseef
T, Ahmed Jilanee SD, Shabu MM, Khan A , 2018)
One of the biggest issues here in the Philippines is the sexual orientation which
makes this one cause of being cyberbullied.
2.5 Role of School
The role of schools is to help students cope with social tension especially those
that center on relationship issues, assess of students in order to determine
bullying behavior and get to the root of it. (Talpur MA, Touseef T, Ahmed Jilanee
SD, Shabu MM, Khan A , 2018)
Bullying starts in school. The school should check the the status of their students
more often and get in touch with the parents.
2.6 Animation
Animation work is a branch of modern film and television works, forming a
comprehensive expression of multiple professional arts. (Jiang, 2019)
Live animation, as a new form of storytelling, opens the possibility of online
communication through controlling a digital character. For example, through the usage
of Adobe Character Animator , users can manipulate the behaviors of a puppet in real-
time during online chatting. As previous research works show that emotional
expressiveness can bring more engaged experience to audiences. (Zhao, 2019).
By using Animation type of film, the researcher can freely show wide variety of
emotion that real actors couldn’t do. Animation can also be catchy for the target
audiences which are the adolescents.
