PRINCIPLES OF ELECGTRONIC

COMMUNICATIONS

Subject Code : EC511OE

Regulations : R16 - JNTUH
Class : III Year B.Tech EEE I Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad

PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS

(OPEN ELECTIVE - I)
I. COURSE OVERVIEW:
 Impart knowledge on analog and digital modulation techniques as well as make the
students to understand about various wireless and cellular, mobile, satellite and
telephone communication systems.

II. PREREQUISITE:
EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 1
  Basic knowledge of Probability, Calculus
 Fourier Transform
 Basic Knowledge on Analog and Digital Communications.

III. COURSE OBJECTIVE:

1. To Introduce the students to modulation and various analog and digital modulation
schemes.
2. Make students to have a broad understanding of satellite, optical, cellular, mobile,
wireless and telecom concepts.

IV. COURSE OUTCOME:

SL. NO DESCRIPTION BLOOM’S TAXANOMY LEVEL
1. Students are able to work on various Knowledge, Understand(Level1, Level2)
types of modulations.
2. Students can be able to use these Apply, Evaluate, Analyze ,Create(Level
communication modules in 3, Level 4, Level 5, Level 6)
implementation
3. They will have a basic understanding Understand (Level 2), (Analyze (Level
of various wireless and cellular, 4)
mobile and telephone communication
systems.

V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program Outcomes (PO) Level Proficiency
assessed by
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of 3 Assignment,
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an Mock Test
engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research 3 Assignment,
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems Mock Test
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles
of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering
sciences
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for 3 Assignment,
complex engineering problems and design system Mock Test
components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and
safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use 2 Assignment,
research-based knowledge and research methods Mock Test
including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply 3 Assignment,
appropriate techniques, resources, and modern Mini project,
engineering and IT tools including prediction and Mock Test
modeling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed 1 Assignment,
by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 2

 safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering
practice
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the 1 Assignments
impact of the professional engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to 2 Seminar, mini
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the proects
engineering practice.
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an 2 Mini projects
individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams,
and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex 2 Seminar,
engineering activities with the engineering community participation in
and with society at large, such as, being able to paper
comprehend and write effective reports and design presentaion
documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate 3 Seminar, Mini
knowledge and understanding of the engineering and Projects
management principles and apply these to one’s own
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have 2 Paper
the preparation and ability to engage in independent and presentation,
life-long learning in the broadest context of participation in
technological change. workshop and
seminars.
Conferences and
Journal
publication
VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO) Level Proficiency
assessed by
Talented to analyze, design and implement electrical Test,
PSO1 & electronics systems and deal with the rapid pace 2 Assignments,
of innovations and developments. Seminars
Skillful to use application and control techniques for Test,
PSO2 research and advanced studies in Electrical & 1 Assignments,
Electronics Engineering domain. mini projects
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
VII. SYLLABUS:
UNIT – I
Introduction: Need for Modulation, Frequency translation, Electromagnetic spectrum, Gain,
Attenuation and decibels.
UNIT – II
Simple description on Modulation: Analog Modulation-AM, FM, Pulse Modulation-PAM,
PWM, PCM, Digital Modulation Techniques-ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK modulation and
demodulation schemes.
UNIT - III

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 3

Telecommunication Systems: Telephones Telephone system, Paging systems, Internet
Telephony. Networking and Local Area Networks: Network fundamentals, LAN hardware,
Ethernet LANs, Token Ring LAN.
UNIT – IV
Satellite Communication: Satellite Orbits, satellite communication systems, satellite
subsystems, Ground Stations Satellite Applications, Global Positioning systems. Optical
Communication: Optical Principles, Optical Communication Systems, Fiber –Optic Cables,
Optical Transmitters & Receivers, Wavelength Division Multiplexing
UNIT - V
Cellular and Mobile Communications: Cellular telephone systems, AMPS, GSM, CDMA,
and WCDMA. Wireless Technologies: Wireless LAN, PANs and Bluetooth, Zig Bee and
Mesh Wireless networks, Wimax and MANs, Infrared wireless, RFID communication, UWB.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Principles of Electronic Communication Systems, Louis E. Frenzel, 3e, McGraw Hill
publications, 2008. 2. Electronic Communications systems, Kennedy, Davis 4e, MC GRAW
HILL EDUCATION, 1999
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Theodore Rapp port, Wireless Communications - Principles and practice, Prentice Hall,
2002.
2. Roger L. Freeman, Fundamentals of Telecommunications, 2e, Wiley publications.
3. Introduction to data communications and networking, Wayne Tomasi, Pearson Education,
2005.
NPTEL Web Course:
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105082/32
NPTEL Video Course:
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc18_ee03/preview
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc17_ec14/preview
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc17_cs37/preview
UGC-NET Syllabus
Introduction: Need for Modulation, Frequency translation, Electromagnetic spectrum, Gain,
Attenuation and decibels. Simple description on Modulation: Analog Modulation-AM, FM,
Pulse Modulation-PAM, PWM, PCM, Digital Modulation Techniques-ASK, FSK, PSK,
QPSK modulation and demodulation schemes. Satellite Communication: Satellite Orbits,
satellite communication systems , Optical Communication: Optical Principles, Optical
Communication Systems, Fiber –Optic Cables, Optical Transmitters & Receivers,
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
VIII. COURSE PLAN (WEEK-WISE):
Outcomes

Reference
Learning
Session

Course
Topics
week

Unit

1. Introduction of Modulation Knowledge T1,T2

2. Need for Modulation Comprehension T1,T2
3. Frequency translation Comprehension T1
4. Frequency translation Comprehension T1
5 Electromagnetic spectrum Knowledge T1
6. 1,2 1 Gain, Attenuation and Evaluate T1
decibels.

7 Gain, Attenuation and Evaluate T1

decibels.

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 4

8. Simple description on Comprehension, T1,T2
Modulation: Analog Synthesis
Modulation-AM
9. FM Comprehension, T1,T2
Synthesis
10. Pulse Modulation-PAM Comprehension, T1,T2
Synthesis
2,3
11 PWM Comprehension, T1,T2
Synthesis
12 PCM Comprehension, T1,T2, R2
2 Synthesis
13 Digital Modulation Comprehension, T2
Techniques-ASK Synthesis

14. FSK, PSK Comprehension, T2

Synthesis
15. QPSK modulation Comprehension, T2
Synthesis
3,4
16 QPSK modulation Comprehension, T2,R1
Synthesis
17. Demodulation schemes. Comprehension, T2
Synthesis
18 Demodulation schemes. Comprehension,
Synthesis
19. Telecommunication Systems: Knowledge, T1,R1
Telephones Telephone system Comprehension
20. Paging systems, Internet Comprehension R1
Telephony
21. Networking and Local Area Comprehension R1,R2,T1
Networks: Network
fundamentals
22. 5,6 3 Networking and Local Area
Networks: Network
fundamentals
23. LAN hardware Comprehension, T1,R1,R2
Application
24. Ethernet LANs T1, R2
25. Token Ring LAN. Comprehension, T1
Application
26. Satellite Communication: Comprehension, T1,R2
Satellite Orbits, Application
27. satellite subsystems ,Ground Comprehension, T1,R2
Stations Satellite Applications Application
28. Global Positioning systems Comprehension, T1,
Application
29 7,8,9,10 4 Global Positioning systems Comprehension, T1,
Application
30. Optical Communication: Comprehension, T1,
Optical Principles, Application
31. Optical Communication Knowledge, T1,R2
Systems Application
32 Fiber –Optic Cables Knowledge, T1

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 5

 Application
33. Optical Transmitters & Comprehension, T1
Receivers Synthesis
34. Wavelength Division Comprehension, T1
Multiplexing Synthesis
35 Wavelength Division Comprehension, T1
Multiplexing Synthesis
36 Cellular and Mobile Comprehension, T1,R1,R2
Communications: Cellular Application
telephone systems,
37 Cellular telephone systems, Comprehension, T1,R1
AMPS,
38. GSM Comprehension, T1,R1
Application
11,12,13,14,15
39. CDMA, and WCDMA. Comprehension, T1,R1
Application
40. Wireless Technologies: Comprehension T1,
5
Wireless LAN
41. PANs and Bluetooth Comprehension T1
42. Zig Bee and Mesh Wireless Comprehension T1
networks
43. Wimax and MANs Comprehension, T1
Application
44. Infrared wireless, RFID Comprehension T1
communication.

45. UWB. Comprehension T1

IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
Program
Program Outcomes Specific
Outcome
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO1 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 2 1 1 1
CO2 3 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 - - 1 1
CO3 - - - - 2 2 2 - - - - - 1 1

AVG. 1..3 1 1 0.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 - 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.33 1 1

X. QUESTION BANK (JNTUH)

UNIT I
Long Answer Questions
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1 Explain the need for modulation. Analyse 1

2 A superheterodyne receiver must cover the range from 220 to Evaluate 1

224 MHz. The first IF is 10.7 MHz; the second is 1.5 MHz.
Find (a) the local oscillator tuning range, (b) the frequency of
the second local oscillator, and (c) the first IF image frequency
EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 6
 range. (Assume a local oscillator frequency higher than the
input by the IF.)
3 An amplifier has a gain of 45,000, which is too much for the Evaluate 1
application. With an input voltage of 20 μV, what attenuation
factor is needed to keep the output voltage from exceeding 100
mV? Let A1 = amplifi er gain = 45,000; A2 =attenuation
factor; AT =total gain.
4 An amplifier has an input of 3 mV and an output of 5 V. What Evaluate 1
is the gain in decibels?
A filter has a power input of 50 mW and an output of 2 mW.
What is the gain or attenuation?
5 Describe the various frequency ranges in the electromagnetic Remember 1
spectrum with its applications.
6 Communication system has five stages, with gains and Evaluate 1
attenuations of 12, 245, 68, 231, and 9 dB. What is the overall
gain?
7 A power amplifi er has an input of 90 mV across 10 kV. The Evaluate 1
output is 7.8 V across an 8-V speaker. What is the power gain,
in decibels? You must compute the input and output power
levels first.
8 A piece of communication equipment has two stages of Evaluate 1
amplifi cation with gains of 40 and 60 and two loss stages with
attenuation factors of 0.03 and 0.075. The output voltage is 2.2
V. What are the overall gain (or attenuation) and the input
voltage?
9 Explain the concept of frequency translation with suitable Understand 1
example?
10 Explain gain , attenuation and decibles with suitable example? Understand 1
Short Answer Questions
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1 Define Modulation. Remember 1
2 Why is modulation required? Analyse 1
3 Define frequency and wavelength Remember 1
4 Why frequency translation is required? Analyse 1
5 What is frequency translaton? Remember 1
6 Define gain and decibel Remember 1
7 What is the voltage gain of an amplifier that produces an Evaluate 1
output of 750 mV for a
30-μV input?
8 The maximum peaks of an electromagnetic wave are separated Evaluate 1
by a distance of 8 in.
What is the frequency in megahertz? In gigahertz?
9 Define attenuation Remember 1
10 A signal with a wavelength of 1.5 m has a frequency of Evaluate 1
UNIT II
Long Answer Questions
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 7

1 Write AM equation. Define modulation index, and . Apply 2
percentage modulation
2 Define under-modulation and over modulation. Explain Analyse 2
why over modulation is undesirable
3 Explain operation of square law detector with circuit Apply 2
diagram and waveforms
4 An Am transmitter has an un-modulated carrier power of Evaluate 2
10KW. It can be modulated by sinusoidal modulating
voltage to a maximum depth of 40% without overloading.
If the maximum modulation index is reduced to 30%.
What is the extent upto which the unmodulated carrier
power can be increased to avoid overloading
5 Describe the time domain band-pass representation of Apply 2
SSB with necessary sketches.
6 Find the percentage of power saved in SSB when Evaluate 2
compared with AM system.
7 Draw the frequency modulated wave equation and Understanding 2
explains each term with the help of frequency spectrum.
8 Determine the bandwidth when modulating signals Evaluate 2
amplitude is doubled? The maximum frequency deviation
allowed in an FM broadcast system is 75 kHz. If the
modulating signal is a single-tone sinusoid of 10 kHz, find
the bandwidth of the FM signal. What will be the change
in the bandwidth, if modulating frequency is doubled.
9 The input to an FM receiver has an S/N of 2.8. The Evaluate 2
modulating frequency is 1.5 kHz. The maximum
permitted deviation is 4 kHz. What are (a) the frequency
deviation caused by the noise and (b) the improved output
S/N?
10 Draw the ASK, FSK and PSK waveforms for digital data Understanding 2
10100110.
12 Discuss about the spectra of PWM and PPM signals. Analyse 2
13 Explain the working of QPSK modulator and demodulator Understanding 2
Short Answer Questions
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1 Define AM and FM Remember 2
2 Compare AM and FM Analyse 2
3 Explain the phasor diagram of FM signals Understanding 2
4 State Carson’s Rule? Remember 2
5 Derive the equations for AM &FM waves? Apply 2
6 State sampling theorem? Remember 2
7 Define Image frequency rejection ratio Remember 2
8 Define ASK, FSK and PSK Remember 2
9 Show the space representation of PSK and QPSK Understand 2
10 Construct the constellation diagram for Quadrature phase Understand 2
shift keying
11 Compare PAM, PPM and PWM Analyse 2
12 Define PCM. Remember 2
UNIT III

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 8

Long Answer Questions
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1 Describe the characteristics of the various signals Analyze 3
used in telephone
communication.
2 Explain the working of Telecommuniation System Understand 3
with neat diagram
3 State the general operation of a cordless telephone. Understand 3
4 Describe the operation of an Internet Protocol Understand 3
telephone.
5 Describe the operation of a PBX. Understand 3
6 Illustrates the diagrams of LANs arranged Analyse 3
according to the three basic
topologies: star, ring, and bus.
7. Describe how repeaters,transceivers, hubs, Analyse 3
bridges, routers, and gateways are used in LANs.
8. Discuss and compare various types of networks. Analyse 3
9. Explaint the working of Ethernet and Token ring Understand 3
with neat diagram.
10 Describe the types of possible links between Understand 3
telephone exchanges. Are they two-line or four-
line?
Short Answer Questions
Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
1 Define specifically what is meant by the local Understand 3
loop.
2 State the characteristics of the ringing signal Understand 3
supplied by the telephone company.
3 What two tone frequencies are generated when Remember 3
you press the pound key (#) on a TouchTone
phone?
4 Defi ne POTS and PSTN. Remember 3
5 What is network? What are its goals and Understanding 3
application?
6 Define the terms LAN, MAN, and WAN. Remember 3
7 An offi ce with 20 PCs is to be wired so that Apply 3
any computer can communicate with any
other. How many interconnecting wires (or
links, L) are needed?
8 What is meant by topologies?Name some Understanding 3
popular topologies
9 Defi ne MAC address. Understanding 3
10 What is an Ethernet switch, and what benefi t Analyse 3
does it offer?
UNIT IV
Long Answer Questions
Blooms Course
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 9

1 Discuss the elements of satellite communication Understand 3
systems? Explain each with a suitable block
diagram?
2 A satellite is orbiting in the equatorial plane with Apply 3
a period from perigee to perigee of 12hours.
Given that the eccentricity is 0.002, calculate the
semi-major axis. The earth’s equatorial radius is
6378.1414 Km.
3 Explain how light is propagated through a fiber- Understand 3
optic cable. Name
the three basic types of fi ber-optic cables, and
state the two materials
from which they are made.
4 Explain the block diagram of optical fiber Remember 3
communication system with transmitter and
receiver.
5 Explain the operation of an optical detector and Understand 3
receiver.
6 Define dispersion. What are its different types? Analyse 3
How these affect the working of optical fibre
communication system.
7 Explain in detail different type of losses in OFC Understand 3
8 Explain the operation of LED. Also explain Understand 3
different types of LED's and its different
structures
9 Explain the Working of GPS with neat diagram Understand 3
10 Explain the Concets of Wavelength Division Understand 3
Multiplexing
Short Answer Questions
Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No. Question
Level Outcome
1 Distinguish direct and retrograde orbits? Understand 3
2 Explain how a satellite is located with respect to Understand 3
earth?
3 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Understand 3
satellite communications?
4 What is meant by apogee and perigee heights? Understand 3
5 Write a short note on population inversion. Understand 3
6 What is the role of photo diode in OFC? Analyse 3
7 List any three applications with respect to Remember 3
satellite communications?
8 Explain the frequency allocation for satellite Understand 3
with respect to International
Telecommunication Union (ITU)?
9 Show the importance of 6/4 GHz system? Apply 3
10 What do you mean by Optical splicing. Understand 3
11 Provide at least two reasons why satellite Analyse 3
repeaters operate above the shortwave bands
UNIT V
Long Answer Questions
Blooms Taxonomy Course
S. No. Question
Level Outcome
EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 10
1 Describe the digital cellular land mobile systems Understand 3
and the limitations of AMPS standard.
2 Mention the two frequency reuse schemes and Analyse 3
explain N-Cell reuse pattern in detail for four and
seven cell reuse with illustrative diagrams. b)
Discuss the performance criteria of the basic
cellular system?
3 Explain about the co-channel interference Understand 3
reduction factor and derive the general formula
for C/I. b) Briefly explain the multiple knife edge
diffraction
4 Compare and contrast Near end and Far end Analyse 3
interferences. b) Briefly discuss different
diversity techniques.
5 Detail notes about GSM – system overview, Understand 3
physical and logical channels.
6 Explain about CDMA principle, power control Understand 3
7 Explain forward & reverse channel parameters of Understand 3
IS-95 CDMA
8 Discuss about 3G standards – WCDMA/UMTS Analyse 3
for wireless network.
9 Identify the features, benefits, applications, and Analyse 3
operation of the
wireless technologies Bluetooth, ZigBee
10 Identify the features, benefits, applications, and Analyse 3
operation of the
wireless technologies WiMAX, and
ultrawideband (UWB).

Short Answer Questions

Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
1 Write advantages 2G over 1G. Understand 3
2 What are services offered by GSM? Understand 3
3 Define burst formatting in GSM. Understand 3
4 Defi ne personal-area network (PAN) and Understand 3
wireless local area network
(WLAN).
5 Name two popular PAN technologies. Remember 3
6 List the Advantages and Disadvantages of Remember 3
UWB
7 What is the IEEE standard on which ZigBee is Remember 3
based?
9 List the operating frequency ranges of ZigBee Remember 3
and the maximum data rates for each.
11 Name the two primary network topologies used Knowledge 3
with Zig Bee.
12 Describe the basic concept of UWB. Is a carrier Understand 3
used?

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT I

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 11

 1. Which is the process of encoding information from a message source in suitable
manner for transmission?
a) Modulation
b) Demodulation
c) Encryption
d) Decryption
2. --------------frequencies are exact multiples of the fundamental frequency.
a. Harmonic
b. Distortion
c. Radio
d. Modulation
3. The signal which is superimposed on a high-frequency sine wave is called _____.
a. Sideband
b. Square wave
c. Carrier
d. Information
4. What is the main purpose of a communications system?
a. To have a frequency assignment
b. For modulation
c. To provide an acceptable replica of the information at the designation
d. None of these
5. A carrier signal has _____.
a. Constant peak amplitude
b. Frequency range 20-20000 Hz
c. The information
d. A varying amplitude
6. He was the one who developed the mathematical solution to a complex repetitive
waveform.
a. P.H Smith
b. J. Fourier
c. Carson
d. Y. Uda
7. The entire range of _____of electromagnetic radiation is called the frequency
spectrum.
a. Phases
b. Frequencies
c. Amplitudes
d. Energies
8. Which is not true about modulation
a. Transmission over longer distances
b. More practical antenna
c. Multiple transmission
d. Narrower bandwidth
9. Noise is added to a signal in a communication system
a. At the receiving end
b. At transmitting antenna
c. In the channel
d. During regeneration of the information
10. Calculate the minimum sampling rate to avoid aliasing when a continuous time signal
is given by x(t) = 5 cos 400πt
a. 100 Hz
b. 200 Hz

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 12

 c. 400 Hz
d. 250 Hz
UNIT II
1. AM signal have all information in ______ of the carrier.
a) Amplitude
b) Magnitude
c) Frequency
d) Power
2. ASK modulated signal has the bandwidth
a. Same as the bandwidth of baseband signal
b. Half the bandwidth of baseband signal
c. Double the bandwidth of baseband signal
d. None of the above
3. In frequency modulation, the amplitude of modulated carrier signal is ______and its
frequency is ______ by the modulating message signal.
a) Constant, constant
b) Varied, constant
c) Constant, varied
d) Varied, varied
4. FM has _______ noise immunity when compared to amplitude modulation.
a) Same
b) Less
c) No
d) Better
5. BPSK system modulates at the rate of
a. 1 bit/ symbol
b. 2 bit/ symbol
c. 4 bit/ symbol
d. None of the above
6. QPSK system uses a phase shift of
a. Π
b. Π/2
c. Π/4
d. 2Π
7. The data rate of QPSK is ___________ of BPSK.
a. Thrice
b. Four times
c. Twice
d. Same
8. The maximum bandwidth is occupied by
a. ASK
b. BPSK
c. FSK
d. None of the above
9. The binary waveform used to generate BPSK signal is encoded in
a. Bipolar NRZ format
b. Manchester coding
c. Differential coding
d. None of the above
10. The BPSK signal has +V volts and -V volts respectively to represent
a. 1 and 0 logic levels
b. 11 and 00 logic levels

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 13

 c. 10 and 01 logic levels
d. 00 and 11 logic levels
11. In different types of Pulse Width Modulation,
a. Leading edge of the pulse is kept constant
b. Tail edge of the pulse is kept constant
c. Centre of the pulse is kept constant
d. All of the above

12. In pulse width modulation,

a. Synchronization is not required between transmitter and receiver
b. Amplitude of the carrier pulse is varied
c. Instantaneous power at the transmitter is constant
d. None of the above

UNIT III
1. The number to be dialed or called to reach a subscriber in the same local area network
or numbering area is
a. Local code
b. Area code
c. Toll access cod
d. d. Subscriber No.
2. A link linking telephone central offices is called ------------- line.
a. Tie
b. Inter-office trunk
c. Routing
d. Connector
3. Which is of telephone traffic defined as one user making a call of one second
duration.
a. CCS
b. Call-second
c. Erlangs
d. Call-hour
4. The following are the transmission media used for telephone systems except
a. Parallel wire
b. Coaxial cable
c. Fiber optics
d. NOTA
5. Header of datagram in IPv4 has _________
a) 0 to 20 bytes
b) 20 to 40 bytes
c) 20 to 60 bytes
d) 20 to 80 bytes
6. Network layer at source is responsible for creating a packet from data coming from
another ________
a) Station
b) Link

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 14

 c) Node
d) Protocol
7. Which is a link layer protocol?
a) ARP
b) TCP
c) UDP
d) HTTP
8. Which protocol is commonly used to retrieve email from a mail server?
a) FTP
b) IMAP
c) HTML
d) TELNET
9. An internet is a ______
a) Collection of WANS
b) Network of networks
c) Collection of LANS
d) Collection of identical LANS and WANS
10. MAC address is of
1) 24 bits
b) 36 bits
c) 42 bits
d) 48 bits
11. The maximum size of payload field in ethernet frame is
a) 1000 bytes
b) 1200 bytes
c) 1300 bytes
d) 1500 bytes
12. Ethernet frame consists of
a) MAC address
b) IP address
c) both MAC address and IP address
d) none of the mentioned

UNIT IV
1. An Active satellite carriers
a. Antenna system
b. Transmitter
c. Receiver
d. All of the above

2. A passive satellite
a. Amplifier the signal
b. Reflects the signal
c. Absorbs the signal
d. None of the above
3. An active satellite has
a. Antenna system
b. Antenna system transmitter and receiver

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 15

 c. Antenna system, transmitter, receiver and power supply
d. Only metallic balloon

4. For global communication the number os satellite needed is

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 10
5. Satellite operate in the frequency range
a. MF
b. HF
c. VHF
d. VHF and UHF
6. The source of energy for a satellite is
a. Battery
b. Magneto hydrodynamic gernerator
c. Fuel cell
d. Solar cell
7. In the structure of fiber optic cable, the refractive index of core is always _______the
refractive index of cladding.
a. Less than
b. Equal to
c. Greater than
d. None of the above

8. If a noisy channel has a bandwidth of 4 MHz with signal to noise ratio of about 1,
what would be the maximum capacity of the channel?
a. 2 Mb/sec
b. 4 Mb/sec
c. 6 Mb/sec
d. 8 Mb/sec
9. Which among the following is/are responsible for generating attenuation of an optical
power in fiber?
a. Absorption
b. Scattering
c. Waveguide effect
d. All of the above
10. The small section of fiber which is coupled to the optical source is known as
a. Flylead
b. Pigtail
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
11. In an optical network, increase in the number of lasers ________the bit rate.
a. Increases
b. Stabilizes
c. Decreases
d. None of the above
UNIT V
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of cellular telephone system?
a) Accommodate large number of users
b) Large geographic area

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 c) Limited frequency spectrum
d) Large frequency spectrum
2. What is the responsibility of MSC in cellular telephone system?
a) Connection of mobile to base stations
b) Connection of mobile to PSTN
c) Connection of base station to PSTN
d) Connection of base station to MSC
3. Who has the responsibility of billing and system maintenance function in cellular
system?
a) Base Station
b) PSTN
c) MSC
d) Mobile system
4. What is the shape of the cell present in the cellular system?
a) Circular
b) Square
c) Hexagonal
d) Triangular
5. Why the size of the cell is kept small in cellular network?
a) Increase capacity
b) Decrease capacity
c) Increased size of base station electronics
d) Slow process of handoffs
6. What is handoff?
a) Forward channel
b) Switching technique
c) Roamer
d) Guard channel
7. Which one is not an advantage of using frequency reuse?
a) Increased capacity
b) Limited spectrum is required
c) Same spectrum may be allocated to other network
d) Number of base stations is reduced
8. The process of transferring a mobile station from one base station to another is
a) MSC
b) Roamer
c) Handoff
d) Forward channel
9. Which of the following specifies a set of media access control (MAC) and physical
layer specifications for implementing WLANs?
a) IEEE 802.16
b) IEEE 802.3
c) IEEE 802.11
d) IEEE 802.15
10. Which of the following is the 802.11 High Rate Standard?
a) IEEE 802.15

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 b) IEEE 802.15.4
c) IEEE 802.11g
d) IEEE 802.11b
11. UMTS uses which multiple access technique?
a) CDMA
b) TDMA
c) FDMA
d) SDMA
12. What is the chip rate of W-CDMA?
a) 1.2288 Mcps
b) 3.84 Mcps
c) 270.833 Ksps
d) 100 Mcps
13. What is the term used by ITU for a set of global standards of 3G systems?
a) IMT 2000
b) GSM
c) CDMA
d) EDGE

XI. GATE QUESTIONS / UGC - NET:

A modulated signal is y(t) = m.(t)cos(40000 t ), where the baseband signal m(t) has
frequency components less than 5 kHz only. The minimum required rate (in kHz) at which
y(t) should be sampled to recover m(t) is __________________.
A. 10KHz
B.20 KHz
C. 30KHz
D. 40KHz
The voltage of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a coaxial cable with uniform
characteristic impedance is V(l) = e  l  jt volts, where ‘I’ is the distance along the length of
the cable in meters.   (0.1 j 40) m-1 is the complex propagation constant , and   2
109 rad / s is the angular frequency. The absolute value of the attenuation in the cable in
dB/meter is ___
A. 0.85
B. 0
C. 2.12
D. 1.20
In binary frequency shift keying (FSK), the given signal waveform is
U0(t)=5cos(2000πt);0≤t≤T, and U1(t) = 5cos(2000πt);0≤t≤T, Where T is the bit-duration
interval and t is in seconds. Both u0 (t)and u1 (t)are zero outside the interval 0≤t≤T. With a
matched filter filter (correlator) based receiver, the smallest positive value of T (in
milliseconds) required to have u0 (t)and u1 (t) uncorrelated is
A. 0.25ms
B. 0.5 ms
C. 0.75 ms
D. 1.0 ms
An optical fiber is kept along the zˆ direction. The refractive indices for the electric fields
along xˆ and yˆ directions in the fiber are n x =1.5000 and n y =1.5001, respectively (n x ≠ n
y due to the imperfection in the fiber cross-section). The free space wavelength of a light
wave propagating in the m. If the light wave is circularly polarizedfiber is 1.5 at the input of

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 18

the fiber, the minimum propagation distance after which it becomes linearly polarized, in
centimeter, is _____.
A. 0.375 cm
B. B. 0.5 cm
C. C. 1.234 cm
D. D. none of these
In a PCM system, the signal      sin 100 cos 100     m t t t V V is sampled at the
Nyquist rate. The samples are processed by a uniform quantizer with step size 0.75 V. The
minimum data rate of the PCM system in bits per second is _____.
A. 50
B. B. 100
C. C. 150
D. D. 200
The transmitted signal in a GSM system is of 200 kHz bandwidth and 8 users share a
common bandwidth using TDMA. If at a given time 12 users are talking in a cell, the total
bandwidth of the signal received by the base station of the cell will be at least (in kHz)
_______ .
A. 300 kHz
B. 400 kHz
C.450 kHz
D.500 kHz
In a code-division multiple access (CDMA) system with N = 8 chips, the maximum number
of users who can be assigned mutually orthogonal signature sequences is ________
A. 6.54-6.56
B. 6.99- 7.01
C. 7.54-7.56
D. 7.99 -8.01
XII. WEBSITES:
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105144/
http://www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr05/digimod/digimod.htm
XIII. EXPERT DETAILS:
Prof. Aditya K. Jaganatham
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur

XIV. JOURNALS:
INTERNATIONAL / NATIONAL
 IEEE Transactions On Wireless Communications
 EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
 IEEE Wireless communication
 IEEE Transactions on Communications Systems

XV. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:

 Pulse Code Modulation
 Wavelength Division Multiplexing
 GSM
 PAN

XVI. CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS:

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 19

  Design AM modulator and Demodulator using MATLAB
 Design an FM modulator and Demodulaor using MATLAB
 Design an ASK/FSK modulator and Demodulator using MATLAB
 Design an QPSK modularor using MATLAB
 Do data transfer between the two laptop using zigbee module

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 20