FROM WIGGLES TO PROPERTIES.
"THE ONLY WAY TO CONNECT ROCK PROPERTIES TO SEISMIC
AMPLITUDE OR RESPONSE IS TO USE ROCK PHYSICS."
Rock Physics
Ida Herawati
Ultimately all exploration is related back
to rock properties and the only way to
connect rock properties to seismic
amplitude or response is to use rock
physics’
Ronny Hoffman
Penilaian
• Tugas 25%
• Quiz 15%
• UTS 30%
• UAS 30%
INTRODUCTION
What is rock physics ?
• Rock Physics describes a reservoir rock
by physical properties such as porosity,
rigidity, compressibility; properties that
will affect how seismic waves physically
travel through the rocks.
• The Rock Physicist seeks to establish
relations between these material
properties and the observed seismic
response, and to develop a predictive
theory so that these properties may be
detected seismically.
• An important goal of rock physics is to help us
understand the physical properties of the
reservoir
• At the location of a drilled well, we have
measurements that give us a good idea of the
elastic and physical properties of the subsurface
rocks (velocity, density, lithology, porosity, confi
ning stress, pore pressure, saturation, fracturing,
etc).
• However, to understand these properties away
from the well, we use the seismic data.
• Rock physics helps us link these properties to the
seismic data and infer the variation of reservoir
properties in a lateral or vertical sense
Relationships between seismic expression
and physical rock properties requires
1) knowledge about the elastic properties
of the pore fluid and rock frame
2) models for rock-fluid interactions.
• Rock physics modeling provide a link
between rock properties, such as
porosity, lithology, and fluid saturation,
and elastic attributes, such as velocities
or impedances.
• Used in quantitative seismic
interpretation and reservoir
characterization.
Rock physics developments in the last five decades can
be broadly divided into five main areas:
1. laboratory measurements (made on rock samples
under different conditions);
2. interpretation of borehole measurements
(including well logging and borehole seismic);
3. modeling (theoretical models developed for
establishing elastic properties of rocks under
appropriate conditions and also upscaling methods
to estimate the expected seismic properties from
the available reservoir properties);
4. deformational analysis (studies aimed at
quantifying the sensitivity of rocks to stress);
5. seismic reservoir characterization (application of
rock physics knowledge to seismic data for
characterization of reservoirs).
Rock physics bridges the gap between geology, elastic
properties and seismic data. Image courtesy of Wes Hamlyn
(Ikon Science).
❑ Rock Physics
• Understand relations between geophysical
measurements and rock properties;
• Emphasis on interpreting seismic, sonic, and
ultrasonic data
❑ Petrophysics
• Interpretation of logs for formation evaluation.
• Similar to rock physics, with emphasis on well
logs, and often ignoring sonic logs and seismic
❑ Rock Mechanics
• Emphasis on stress, faulting, fracture processes
• Rock physics can be used for forward modeling that
allows for the investigation of how fluids and pressure
changes might impact seismic responses at the well.
• Rock physics templates/models can be constructed and
calibrated to log and core data & be used post inversion
• Rock physics includes fluid substitution techniques
which allow for a better understanding of how the
rocks might behave differently when pore spaces are
filled with different fluids.
• Rock physics can provide constraints for seismic
inversion i.e. can be used to guide the quantitative
interpretation of inversion attributes, and afterwards it
can be used to transform inverted impedances back to
rock properties.
Joanna Hansford
Rock Physics Application
• Pore pressure prediction
• Wellbore stability
• Reservoir geomechanics and stress effects in 4D
seismic monitoring
• Seismic characterization of fractured reservoirs
• Modeling the response of a fractured reservoir
• Rock physics models for fractures
• Shales and unconventional reservoirs
• Rock physics modeling of kerogen in organic-rich
shales
• Effect of anisotropy on AVO
Materi
• Hukum Hooke dan Elastisitas
• Dasar Fisika Batuan
• Modulus Elastik
• Bounds
• Inklusi
• Substitusi Fluida
• Anisotropi
• Cross-plot
• Organik Shale
