DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU

LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS

SESSION 2018-19

B. A.1st (SEMESTER) CREDITS: 04

PAPER CODE: LNB- 151 SESSIONAL MARKS: 30
END-SEMESTER: 70
TOTAL = 100

OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER: On completion of the syllabus the student should be able to:
• Provide introductory remarks on language in general and linguistics in particular.
• Understand the characteristics and functions of Human Languages.
• Know about the applied and interdisciplinary areas.

UNIT I
A. Language- Symbolic, Systematic Medium of Communication.
B. Human and Non- Human Communication Systems.
C. Design Features of Language.
D. Modern Linguistics: Speech and Writing; Prescriptive and Descriptive; Synchronic and
Diachronic.

UNIT II
A. Language Description: Phonetics and Phonology.
B. Language Description: Morphology.
C. Language Description: Syntax.
D. Language Description: Semantics.

UNIT III
A. Language Use and Communication: Pragmatics.
B. Language Teaching and Stylistics.
C. Computational Linguistics.
D. Language in Legal Context: Forensic Linguistics.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Aitchison, J. 1977. Linguistics. London: Teach Yourself Books.
2. Akmajian, A. et al. 1996. Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication.
New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India.
3. Fromkin, V. and Rodman, R. 1978. An Introduction to Language. New York: Holt
Rinehart and Winston.
4. Syal, P. and Jindal, D. V. 1998. An Introduction to Linguistics: Language, Grammar
and Semantics. Delhi: Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd.
5. Trask, R.L. 1995. Language: The Basics. London: Routledge.
6. Verma, S. K. and Krishnaswamy, N. 1989. Modern Linguistics: An Introduction. Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
7. Yule, G. 1996. The Study of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE
SESSION 2018-19

B. A.1st (SEMESTER) CREDITS: 02

PAPER CODE: LNB- 153 SESSIONAL MARKS: 15
END-SEMESTER: 30
TOTAL = 50

OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER: On completion of the syllabus the student should be able to:
• Understand the different aspects and varieties of language.
• Know the systematic and structured form of language.

UNIT I
A. Channels of Communication.
B. Language as a Code: Sign, Signifier, Signified.
C. Icon, Index and Symbol.
D. Language is Human.

UNIT II
A. Language is Dynamic, Structured and Systematic.
B. Language and Writing Systems.
C. Language Varieties: Idiolect, Dialect, Sociolect, Register, Style, Slang.
D. Language as Text/Discourse.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Akmaijan, A. et al. 1996. Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication.
New Delhi: Prentice- Hall of India.
2. Crenetti, Carol. (ed.). 2014. How Language Work-An Introduction to Language and
Linguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
3. Fasold, R. W. and Connor-Linton, J. (eds.) 2013. An Introduction to Language and
Linguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4. Fromkin, V. Rodman, R. and Hyams, N. 2014. An Introduction to Language. New York:
Wadsworth.
5. Genetti, C. (ed.). 2014. How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and
Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
ELEMENTS OF GENERAL PHONETICS
SESSION 2018-19

B. A.2nd (SEMESTER) CREDITS: 04

PAPER CODE: LNB- 251 SESSIONAL MARKS: 30
END-SEMESTER: 70
TOTAL = 100

OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER: On completion of the syllabus the student should be able to:
• Understand the production, description and classification of speech sounds.
• Give an idea about the parts of vocal tract and their roles in speech production.
• Understand the differentiation between segmental and supra-segmental features of speech
sounds.
• Do transcription of speech sounds.

UNIT I
A. Phonetics- Definition and Scope.
B. Branches of Phonetics-Articulatory, Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics.
C. Organs of Speech; Pulmonic, Glottalic and Velaric.
D. Phonation: Voiceless; Voiced; Whisper; Murmur.

UNIT II
A. Description and Classification of Consonants- Place of Articulation.
B. Description and Classification of Consonants- Manner of Articulation.
C. Classification of Vowels and Diphthongs.
D. Cardinal Vowels.

UNIT III
A. Stress and Intonation, Pitch and Juncture.
B. Introduction to IPA.
C. Transcription –Phonetic (Narrow), Phonemic (Broad).
D. Practicals in Language Lab.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Abercrombie, D. 1982. Elements of General Phonetics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press.
2. Aslam, Mohammad and Kak, Aadil Amin. 2007. Introduction to English Phonetics and
Phonology. Bangalore, Delhi: Foundation Books.
3. Ball, M. J. and Rahilly, J. 1999. Phonetics: The Science of Speech. London: Arnold.
4. Clark, J. and Yallop, C. 1990. An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell.
5. Jones, D. 1976. An Outline of English Phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6. Ladefoged, P. 2002. A Course in Phonetics. Singapore: Thomason Asia.
7. Sethi, J. and Dhamija, P.V. 1999. A Course in Phonetics and Spoken English. New Delhi:
Prentice Hall.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
LANGUAGE AND MIND
SESSION 2018-19

B. A.2nd (SEMESTER) CREDITS: 02

PAPER CODE: LNB- 252 SESSIONAL MARKS: 15
END-SEMESTER: 35
TOTAL = 50

OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER: On completion of the syllabus the student should be able to:
• Understand the relationship of language with human brain.
• Know about the differentiation between first and second language acquisition and learning.
• Have an idea about the different aspects of speech problems.

UNIT I
A. Language and the Brain.
B. Stimulus Response Theory: Skinner-Chomsky’s Critique of Verbal Behaviour.
C. Lexical Storage and Lexical Access Behaviorism.
D. The Information Processing Approach Mentalism.

UNIT II
A. The Biological Basis of Language.
B. The Acquisition of First Language (L1).
C. The Acquisition of Second Language (L2).
D. Speech Pathology and Speech Therapy.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Aitkinson, M. 1982. Explanation in the Study of Language Acquisition. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
2. Baron. R. A. 2005 (5th edition). Psychology. Delhi: Pearson Education.
3. Obler, L. K. and Gjerlow, K. 1999. Language and the Brain. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
4. Taylor, I. 1976. Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
INTRODUCTORY PHONOLOGY
SESSION 2018-19
B. A. 3rd (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-351 CREDITS: 04
Sessional MARKS: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100

UNIT I
A. Phone, Phoneme, Allophone
B. Phonology and Phonemics
C. Phonology-its Definition and Scope
D. Phonological Analysis: Identifying Phonemes; Preliminary Procedures (Pike); Exercises

UNIT II
A. Phonological Analysis: Principles (Hockett); Exercises
B. SupraSegmentals (Prosodic Features)-Stress, Pitch, Juncture
C. Phonotactics: Consonant Clusters, Vowel Sequences
D. English Consonants and Vowels

UNIT III
A. Distinctive Features
B. Archiphoneme and Neutralization
C. Phonetic Transcription (Exercises)
D. Phonemic Transcription (Exercises)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Bloch, B. and Trager, G.L. 1942. Outline of Linguistic Analysis. Baltimore: Linguistic
Society of America (Chapter-III).
2. Gimson, A. C. 1962. An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English. Oxford: OUP.
3. O’Grady, W. et al. 1989. Contemporary Linguistics: An introduction. New York: St.
Martin’s Press.
4. Pike, K. L. 1947. Phonemics: A technique for reducing language to writing. Ann
Arbor: University of Michigan Press (Chapter 6, pp. 67-79).
5. Lass, R. 1984. Phonology: An introduction to basic concepts. London: CUP.
6. Roach, P. 1991. English Phonetics and Phonology: Practical Course, Cambridge:
CUP.
7. Roach, P.1991. English Phonetics and Phonology: Practical course, Cambridge: CUP
8. Robins, R. H. 1964. General Linguistics: An introductory survey. London: Longman
(Chapter 4).
9. Wardhaugh, R. 1972. An Introduction to Linguistics. New York: McGraw-Hill (Chapter 4).
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
PHONOLOGY OF URDU-HINDI
SESSION 2018-19
B. A. 3rd (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-352 CREDITS: 02
Sessional MARKS: 15
End-Semester: 35
Total = 50

OBJECTIVES: This course provides basic information on various aspects of Urdu-Hindi

Phonology with its unique features and characteristics.

UNIT I
A. What is Phonology
B. Phonemic Inventory: Urdu Phonemics
C. Phonotactives: Vowel sequence, consonant clusters and syllabic structure
D. Supra segmental features: Nasalization, length, juncture, etc of Urdu

UNIT II
A. Phonemic Inventory and Description of Hindi Phonemics
B. Phonotactives: Vowel sequence, consonant clusters
C. Syllabic Structure of Hindi
D. Supra Segmental features: Nasalization, length, juncture etc. of Hindi

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Beg, M.K.A. (1988) Urdu Grammar: History and Structure. Published by Bahari
Publiations, New Delhi
2. Koul, O.N. (2008) Modern Hindi Grammar. Published by Danwoody Press. U.S.A
3. Kachru, Y. (1980) Aspects of Hindi Grammar. Published by Monohar Publications,
2 Ansari Road, Dariya Ganj, New Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
INTRODUCTORY MORPHOLOGY
Session 2018-19 (w.e.f. January, 2019)
B. A. 4th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-451
Credits: 04
Marks: Sessional: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
Unit I:
A. Morphology-its Definition and Scope
B. Morph, Allomorph and Morpheme
C. Types of Morpheme-Free and Bound; Affixes-Prefixes, Infixes and Suffixes
D. Word and Morpheme; Base, Root and Stem

Unit II:
A. Conditioning of Allomorphs
B. Simple, Complex and Compound Words
C. Inflection and Derivation
D. Word Formation-Compounding

Unit III:
A. Morphological Processes: Affixation, Internal Change,
Reduplication
B. Morphophonemics-The Phonological Structure of Morphemes;
Sandhi: Internal and External
C. Morphemic Analysis-Segmentation and Grouping
D. Nidas Principles for Identification of Morphemes; Exercises

RECOMMENDED READINGS:
1. Bauer L. 1998. Introducing Linguistic Morphology Edinburgh: EUP.
2. Bloch B. and Trager, G.L. 1942. An Outline of Linguistic Analysis: Baltimore,
Linguistic society of America.
3. Gleason, H.A. 1961. An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics, New York: Holt,
Rinchart and Winston.
4. Hockett, C.F. 1958. A Course in Modern Linguistics, New York: Macmillan.
5. Katamba, F. 1993 Morphology; London: Macmillan Press Limited.
6. Mathews, P.H. 1978. Morphology; An Introduction to the theory of word Structure,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
MORPHOLOGY OF URDU-HINDI
Session 2018-19 (w.e.f. January, 2019)
B. A. 4th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-452
Credits: 02
Marks: Sessional:30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
Objectives:
This course provides basic information on various aspects of Urdu-Hindi Morphology with
its unique features and characteristics.

Unit-I:
A. What is Morphology
B. Morphological Process in Urdu
C. Word formation in Urdu: Affixation and Compounding
D. Description of word: Simple complex and compound words

Unit-II:
A. Infection and Derivation in Urdu-Hindi
B. Morphological Process in Hindi
C. Word formation in Hindi: Affixation and compounding
D. Description of word: simple complex and compound words

Recommended Books:
Beg, M.K.A. (1988) Urdu Grammar: History and Structure. Published by Bahari
Publiations, New Delhi
Khan, M.A. (2000) Urdu Phonology. Published by Department of Linguistics, AMU,
Aligarh
Koul, O.N. (2008) Modern Hindi Grammar. Published by Danwoody Press. U.S.A
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
ESSENTIALS OF GRAMMAR
SESSION 2018-19

B. A. 5th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-551 CREDITS: 04
Sessional MARKS: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100

UNIT I
A. Parts of Speech: Noun, Adjectives, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition,
Conjunction, Interjection
B. Types of Noun, Types of Adjective
C. (iii)Pronouns: Personal, Reflexive, Emphatic, Demonstrative, Relative, Interrogative
D. (iv)Types of Adverb: Manner, Time, Frequency, Location, Reason, Exercises

UNIT II
A. Verb: Static/Dynamic; Transitive/Intransitive
B. Use of the Tenses
C. Active and Passive
D. Mood, Exercises

UNIT III
A. Subject and Predicate
B. Phrases and Clauses
C. Sentence Types: Simple, Compound and Complex
D. Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, Negative, Affirmative, Exercises

*Note: Questions will be formed in the form of exercises for the Identification of
categories.

Recommended Books:
1. Wren, P.C. and H. Martin (1984) High School English Grammar and Composition.
New
2. Delhi: S. Chand &Co.
3. Murphy, Raymond (1994) Intermediate English Grammar. New Delhi: CUP
4. Whaley, Lindsay J. (1997) Introduction to Typology: The Unity and
Diversity ofLanguage. Thousand Oaks: Sage
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
INTRODUCTORY SYNTAX
SESSION 2018-19

B. A. 5th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-552 CREDITS: 04
Sessional MARKS: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100

UNIT I
A. Morphology and Syntax
B. Word Level Categories, Phrase Level Categories: Syntactic Evidences
C. Content Words and Function Words
D. Infinitive, Gerund, Participle

UNIT II
A. Grammatical features of Nominal and Verbal Categories: Person, Number,
Gender, (PNG), Tense, Aspect and Mood.
B. Case: Nominative, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, Ablative, Locative, Vocative
C. Constituents: Diagnostic tools for determining constituents
D. Co-ordination, Subordination, Embedding

UNIT III
A. Theoretical Framework: Immediate Constituent (IC) Analysis
B. Problems of IC Analysis
C. Phrase Structure Grammar, Re-Write Rules,
D. Problems of Phrase Structure Grammar

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Chomsky, N. (1957) Syntactic Structures. Hague/Paris: Mouton.

2. Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.

3. Radford, A. (1988) Transformational Grammar: A First Course. Cambridge: CUP

4. Verma, S.K. and N. Krishnaswamy (1989) Modern Linguistics: An Introduction.

Delhi: OUP
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
BASIC ELEMENTS OF SEMANTICS
SESSION 2018-19
B. A. 5th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-553 CREDITS: 04
Sessional MARKS: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
UNIT I
A. Semantics and its Scope.
B. Approaches to the Study of Meaning.
C. Denotation and Connotation; References and Sense.
D. Sense Relations- Synonymy, Antonymy, Polysemy, Hyponymy, Part-Whole Relations,
Homonymy.

UNIT II
A. Meaning Types: Descriptive, Emotive, Phatic.
B. Lexical and Grammatical Meaning.
C. Lexical Semantics: Componential Analysis, Lexical field, Marked-Unmarked.
D. Ambiguity and its Types.

UNIT III
A. Semantic Structure of Sentences; Arguments and Predicates.

B. Entailment, Presupposition, Implication.

C. Tautology and Contradiction.

D. Utterance meaning: Speech Acts.

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Finegan, E. and Besnier, N. 1989. Language: Its structure and use. San Diego:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
2. Hurford, J. D. and Brendan, H. 1987. Semantics: A course book. Cambridge: CUP.
3. Kempson, R. M. 1979. Semantic Theory. Cambridge: CUP.
4. Leech, G. 1974. Semantics. Middlesex, England: Penguin.
5. Lyons, J. 1981. Language and Linguistics: An introduction. Cambridge: CUP.
6. Palmer, F. R. 1981. Semantics. Cambridge: CUP.
7. Ullmann, S. 1982. Semantics: An introduction to the science of meaning. Oxford:
Basil Blackwell.
8. Yule, G. 1996. The Study of Language. C
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
INTRODUCTION TO HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
SESSION 2018-19
B. A. 5th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-554 CREDITS: 04
Sessional MARKS: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
UNIT I

A. Historical Linguistics: Definition and Scope.

B. Classification of Languages: Typological.
C. Classification of Languages: Genealogical.
D. Indo-European family of Languages.

UNIT II
A. Laws of Sound Change: Grim,Verner, Grassmann.
B. Neo-Grammarians: Introduction.
C. Phonological Change: Phonetic and Phonemic Change.
D. Types of Sound Change-Assimilation, Dissimilation, Split, Merger and Metathesis.

UNIT III
A. Semantic Change and its Types.
B. Analogical Change.
C. Borrowing I: Lexical and Phonological.
D. Borrowing II: Cultural and Intimate.

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Arlotto, A. 1972. Introduction to Historical Linguistics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin

Company.
2. Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston (Chapters 17,
20, 21, 23, 24 and 25).
3. Bynon, T. 1977. Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP.
4. Langacker, R. W. 1973. Language and its Structures: Some fundamental concepts.
New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (Part 3).
5. Lehmann, W. P. 1962. Historical Linguistics: An introduction. New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston.
6. Lehmann, W. P. 1972. Descriptive Linguistics: An introduction. New York: Random
House (Chapter 12).
7. Trask, R. L. 1996. Historical Linguistics. New York: Arnold Publisher
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
INTRODUCTION TO SEMIOTICS
SESSION 2018-19
B. A. 5th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-555 CREDITS: 04
Sessional MARKS: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100

OBJECTIVE: This course intends to introduce semiotics in a manner that makes it

accessible to students. It explains certain key semiotic concepts which are useful in
understanding and applying in interdisciplinary subjects.

UNIT I
A. Semiotics: an Introduction
B. Semiotics and Semiology
C. Semiotics and Linguistics
D. Langue and Parole

UNIT II
A. The Saussurean model: sign, signifier, signified
B. Arbitrariness of the sign
C. The Peircean model: representamen, interpretant, object
D. Modes of sign: symbolic, iconic, indexical

UNIT III
A. Other modes of sign: digital and analogical, token and type, substance and form
B. Organization of signs: paradigms and syntagms
C. Relationality of signs: denotation and connotation
D. Myth

REFERENCES:
1. Chandler, D. 2002. Semiotics: The Basics. London: Routledge
2. Guiraud, P. 1975. Semiology. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul
3. Hall, S. 2007. This Means This. This Means That: A User’s Guide to Semiotics.
London: Laurence King Publishing
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
FUNDAMENTALS OF TRANSLATION
SESSION 2018-19

B. A. 5th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-556 CREDITS: 04
Sessional MARKS: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100

UNIT I
A. Introduction to the Practice of Translation.
B. Translation and Transcreation; Translation and interpretation.
C. Basic Concepts and issues in Translation Studies.
D. Full and Partial Translation.

UNIT II
A. Concept of Equivalence.
B. Translatability.
C. Translation of Languages or Cultures.
D. Role of the Translator.

UNIT III
A. Interlingual Translation.
B. Intralingual Translation.
C. Intersemiotic-Interpretation and Adaptation.
D. Computers and their Role in Translation.
SUGGESTED READING:
1. Catford, J.C. 1965 A Linguistic Theory of Translation London: Oxford University
2. Press
3. House, Juliane 2009 Translation Oxford: Oxford University Press
4. Nida, E 1969 Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: E.J Brill
5. Newmark, P 1981 Approaches to Translation Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. Warsi, M.J. 2009. How Complex is the Art of Translation? An Experiment with
7. Premchand’s Kafan. Indian Literature, Vol-52, Sahitya Academy, New Delhi.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF INDIA
(OPEN ELECTIVE)
SESSION 2018-19

B. A. 5th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-591 CREDITS: 02
Sessional MARKS: 15
End-Semester: 35
Total = 50

UNIT I
A. The Concept of Linguistic Landscape
B. Features of the linguistic landscape
C. The Construction of the Linguistic Landscape
D. Linguistic Landscape and Ethno linguistic Vitality

UNIT II
A. Language Use on Individual Signs
B. Significance of linguistic landscape
C. Application of linguistic landscape in language learning/ Teaching.
D. Use of Linguistic landscape in advertising

REFERENCES:

1. Blommaert , J . 2013 . Ethnography , Superdiversity and Linuistic Landscape.

Canada: Multilingual Matters
2. Gorter, D. Heiko F. Marten and Luk Van Mansel (Eds).2006. Minority Language in
the Linguistic Landscape . England : Palgrave
3. Gorter, D (Ed).2006. Linguistic Landscape: A New Approach to Multilingualism.
Canada : Multilingual Matters
4. Shohamy, E, Ben-Rafael, E and Barni, M (eds).2010. Linguistic Landscape in the City
Canada : Multilingual Matters
5. Shohamy, E and Gorter, D (eds). 2009 . Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the
Scenery New York : Routledge
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE TEACHING
Session 2018-19 (w.e.f. January, 2019)
B. A. 6th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-651
Credits: 04
Marks: Sessional :30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
Unit I:

A. Linguistics and Language Teaching.

B. Native and Second/Foreign Language Teaching.
C. Language skills-listening, speaking, reading and writing
D. Teaching of Language Skills.

Unit II:
A. Methods of Language Teaching: Grammar-Translation Method, Direct method,
Audio-lingual method.
B. Methods of Language Teaching II: Communicative Method.
C. Selection, Gradation and Presentation of Teaching Materials.
D. Contrastive analysis and language teaching.

Unit III:
A. Error Analysis; Stages in Error Analysis; Significance of Learners Errors.
B. Language Testing I: Types of Language Test; Qualities of a good Test-Reliability,
Validity and Discrimination.
C. Language Testing II: Tests Designed for Different Purposes-Achievement Test, Aptitude
Test, Proficiency Test and Diagnostic Test.
D. ICT (Information Communication Technology) in Language Teaching.
Recommended Books:
1. Burn, P. V. 1974. “Contrastive Analysis”. In J. P. B. Allen and S. Pit Corder
(eds.) Techniques in Applied Linguistics. Vol. 3. London: OUP.
2. Corder, S. P. 1981. “Error Analysis and Interlanguage”. In J. P. B. Allen and S.
Pit Corder (eds.) Techniques in Applied Linguistics. Vol. 3. London: OUP.
3. Halliday, M. A. K. et al. 1964. The Linguistics Sciences and Language
Teaching. London: Longman.
4. Lado, R. 1957. Linguistics Across Cultures. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan
Press.
5. Lado, R. 1964. Language Teaching: A scientific approach. New York: McGraw-Hill.
6. Littlewood, W. 1981. Communicative Language Teaching: An introduction.
Cambridge: CUP.
7. Rivers, W. 1968. Teaching Foreign Language Skills. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Session 2018-19(w.e.f. January, 2019)
B. A. 6th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-652
Credits: 04
Marks: Sessional: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
Unit I:

(A) Linguistics and Sociolinguistics.

(B) Scope, Goals of Sociolinguistics.
(C) Sociolinguistics and Sociology of language.
(D) Speech Community.

Unit II:
(A) Language: Standard language vs Dialect, Verbal Repertoire.
(B) Lingua Franca, Register, Style, Jargon
(C) Social Factors and Language: Age, Gender, Education, Ethnicity.
(D) Communicative Competence, Linguistic, Incompetence: Restricted code, Elaborated
code.

Unit III:

(A) Language Contact: Multilingualism, Bilingualism.

(B) Borrowing, code-Mixing/Switching, diglosia.
(C) Pidgin, Creole, Koine.
(D) Language Planning Corpus, Status, Acquistion Planning.

Recommended Books:
1. Hudson, R. A. (1980) Sociolinguistics. London: CUP.
2. Myers-Scotton, Carol. (2005) Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism.
3. Pride, J. B. and J. Holmes(eds.) (1972). Sociolinguistics. Middlesex: Penguin.
4. Trudgill, P. (1974) Sociolinguistics: An introduction. Middlesex: Penguin.
5. Gerard, Vantterk (2012) what is Sociolinguistics? Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
6. Wardhaugh, R. 1986. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Session 2018-19 (w.e.f. January, 2019)
B. A. 6th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-653
Credits: 04
Marks: Sessional: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
Unit I:

A. Literature; Literary Text: Characteristics and Functions.

B. Language in Literature; Linguistic Approach to Literature.
C. Language and Style; Need for Stylistics.
D. Aims of Stylistics.

Unit II:
A. Principles of Stylistics; Data in Stylistics.
B. What is Style? Levels of Stylistics Analysis.
C. Methods and issues in Stylistic Analysis.
D. Stylistic Devices: Exercises.

Unit III:
A. Text as Discourse: Functional Categories of Style.
B. Coherence and Cohesion.
C. Stylistics as an Interdiscipline.
D. Text Analysis: Exercises.

Recommended Books:
1. Beg, M.K.A. (ed.) 2002 Applied Linguistics (Special issue on Stylistics and Discourse
Analysis). Vol.1 and 2 Aligarh; Department of Linguistics.
2. Jeffries, L and Mclntyre 2010 Stylistics Cambridge: CUP.
3. Kumar,s. (ed.) 1987. Stylistics and Text Analysis. New Delhi: Bahri Publication.
4. Sebeok, T.A. (ed.) 1960. Style in Language. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press.
5. Toolan, M 1996 Language in Literature: An Introduction to Stylistics. London: Arnold.
6. Wales, K. 1989. A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman.
7. Widdowson, H.G. 1992. Practical Stylistics. Oxford: OUP.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Session 2018-19 (w.e.f. January, 2019)
B. A. 6th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-654
Credits: 04
Marks: Sessional: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
Unit I:

A. Psycholinguistics and its Scope

B. Language Acquisition: First Language Acquisition and Second Language Acquisition
C. Child Language Studies: Dairy, Large Sample and Longitudinal
D. Child Language Acquisition: Stages

Unit II:

A. Theories of Language Acquisition Learning: Behaviorist, Mentalism

B. Critical Age Hypothesis
C. Language Comprehension
D. Language Production

Unit III:

A. TOT Phenomenon
B. Linguistic Relativity: Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
C. Human Brain: Location of Language
D. Discourse Analysis and Psycholinguistics

Recommended Books:
1. Beg, M.A.K. (1991) Psycholinguistics and Language Acquisition New
Delhi, Bihari Publication
2. Clark, H.H.EV.Cark (1977) Psychology and Language: An Introduction to
Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcoart Brace Jovanovich Inc.
3. Seovel, Thomas (2002) Psycholinguistics. New York: Oxford University
Press.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
LANGUAGE TESTING
Session 2018-19 (w.e.f. January, 2019)
B. A. 6th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-655
Credits: 04
Marks: Sessional: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
Unit I:
A. Language Testing ; Aims and Scope
B. Language Teaching and Language Testing
C. Subjective and Objective Tests
D. Different Models of Objective Tests
Unit-II:
A. Requirements of a Test; Validity, Reliability and Discrimination
B. Test Designed for Different Purposes; Aptitude Test, Achievement Test and
Proficiency Test
C. Computer Assisted Language Testing (CALT)
D. ‘Cloze’ Test and its Relevance
Unit-III:
A. Testing Listening Skill
B. Testing Speaking Skill
C. Testing Reading Skill
D. Testing Writing Skill

Recommended Books:
1. Allen, JPB and Davies, A. (ed.) (1977) Testing and Experimental Methods.
Oxford; Oxford University Press.
2. Allen, JPB and Corder, S.P. (1974) Techniques in Applied Linguistics. Oxford
University Press.
3. Hanning, G. (1987) A Guide to language Testing. Cambridge, Massachusetts,
New Bury House Publishers USA.
4. Hughes, A. (2003) Testing for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
5. Khan Abdul Aziz. (1996) A Linguistic Approach for unpublished).
6. Lado, R. (1961) Language Testing. Longman; Green & Co. Ltd.
7. Milanovic, Michael and Cyirl weir (eds.) (2004) European Language Testing in
a Global context. Cambridge University Press.
8. Mustafa, Naz. (2010) Language Testing in Communicative ELT: A Study of
Theory and Practice. Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of English, AMU, Aligarh.
(Unpublished)
9. Subbiah, Pon (1998) Evaluation and Testing: An Introduction to Terminology.
CIIL, Testing Urdu Langauge Skills. Ph.D thesis, Dept. of Linguistics AMU,
Aligarh Mysore.
 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, AMU
LEXICOGRAPHY
Session 2018-19 (w.e.f. January, 2019)
B. A. 6th (Semester)
Paper Code: LNB-656
Credits: 04
Marks: Sessional: 30
End-Semester: 70
Total = 100
Unit I:

A. Domains of Lexicography and Lexicology

B. Dictionary Typology
C. Encyclopaedic Dictionaries and their Peculiarities
D. Lexicography: Theoretical and Practical

Unit II:
A. Components of Lexicography
B. Contents of Lemma
C. Microstructure.
D. Macrostructure

Unit III:
A. Arrangement of Entries
B. Bilingual Dictionaries
C. The Use of Computers in Lexicography
D. Problems in Lexicography

Recommended Books:
1. Fontenlle, T. (ed.) 2008. Practical Lexicography Oxford: OUP
2. Hartman R.K. 1983 Lexicography: Principles and Practice Newyork , Academic Press
3. Landau, S.I. 1989. Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography Cambridge;
Cambridge University Press
4. Svensen, B. 1993. Practical Lexicography. Oxford: OUP
5. Singh, R. 1991. An Introduction to Lexicography. Mysore: CIIL
6. Sterkenburg, P.V. (ed.) 2003. A Practical Guide to Lexicography Amsterdam: John
Benjamins Publishing Company.
7. Beg, M.K.A. (ed.) 2002 Applied Linguistics (Special issue on Stylistics and Discourse
Analysis). Vol.1 and 2 Aligarh; Department of Linguistics.
8. Jeffries, L and Mclntyre 2010 Stylistics Cambridge: CUP.
9. Kumar,s. (ed.) 1987. Stylistics and Text Analysis. New Delhi: Bahri Publication.
10. Sebeok, T.A. (ed.) 1960. Style in Language. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press.
11. Toolan, M 1996 Language in Literature: An Introduction to Stylistics. London: Arnold.
12. Wales, K. 1989. A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman.
13. Widdowson, H.G. 1992. Practical Stylistics. Oxford: OUP.