“PHYSICS”
Engr. Junard P. Kaquilala
Lesson1: Topic Outline
Introduction
Units
Vector and Scalar Quantity
Vector
Vector Addition & Subtraction
Dot Product & Vector Product
What is PHYSICS??
What is Physics?
Physics
Physics is the branch of science that
describes matter, energy, space and time
at the most fundamental level.
The science of dealing with properties,
changes, interaction, etc., of matter and
energy
The science of measurements
The Ancient Greeks
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) is regarded as the
first person to attempt physics, and actually
gave physics its name.
On the nature of matter:
Matter was composed of:
Air Earth Water Fire
Every compound was a mixture of these elements
Aristotle: On the Nature of
Motion
Natural motion - like a falling body
- Objects seek their natural place
- Heavy objects fall fast
- Light objects fall slow
Unnatural motion - like a cart being pushed
The moving body comes to a stand still when the
force pushing it along no longer acts
The natural state of a body is at rest
The Renaissance
Galileo Galilei
(1564 -1642)
Modern
Isaac Newton
(1642-1727)
-Formulated the
Three laws of Motion
Units
Fundamental Units
Foot
Length [L] Meter - Accepted Unit
Furlong
Second - Accepted Unit
Time [T] Minute
Hour
Century
Kilogram - Accepted Unit
Mass [M] Slug
Conversion of Units
Conversion of Units
Prefixes of Units
Prefix: Problem
Express the following quantities using
the prefixes given:
(a) 3 x 10-4 m
(b) 5 x 10-5 s
(c) 72 x 102 g
Conversion of Units: Problem
On a highway in a rural region of
Cebu, a car is traveling at a speed of
38.0 m/s. Is this car exceeding the
speed limit of 75.0 mi/h?
Conversion of Units: Problem
One of the world’s largest cut
diamonds is the First Star of Africa.
Its volume is 1.84 cubic inches.
What is its volume in cubic
centimeters? In cubic meters?
Conversion of Units: Problem
A worker is to paint the walls of
square room 8.00 ft high and 12.0 ft
along each side. What surface area
in square meters must she cover?
Conversion of Units: Problem
A solid piece of lead has a mass of
23.94 g and a volume of 2.10 cm3.
From these data, calculate the
density of lead in SI units (kg/m3).
Conversion of Units: Problem
Assume that it takes 7.00 minutes to
fill a 30.0-gal gasoline tank. (a)
Calculate the rate at which the tank is
filled in gallons per second. (b)
Calculate the rate at which the tank is
filled in cubic meters per second. (c)
Determine the time interval, in hours,
required to fill a 1-m3 volume at the
same rate. (1 U.S. gal = 231 in3)
Vector and Scalar
Quantities
Vector and Scalar Quantity
Scalar quantities are those
quantities which have only magnitudes
Examples:
speed, mass, volume, length, etc.
Vector and Scalar Quantity
Vector quantities are quantities
whose measurement is specified by
magnitude and direction
Examples:
Weight, Momentum, Torque, Velocity,
Displacement, Acceleration, etc.
Vectors
Vector is line whose length
indicates to scale the magnitude
of the vector quantity and whose
direction indicates the direction
of the quantity
Vector Operations: Addition
& Subtraction
Addition of Two or More Vectors
A+B=R
A+B+C=R
Sample Problem: Vectors
A cross-country skier skis 1.00km
north and then 2.00 km east on a
horizontal snowfield. How far and in
what direction is she from the
starting point?
Sample Problem: Vectors
Anarmy recruit on a training
exercise is instructed to walk due
west for 5 miles, then in a
northeaster direction for 4 miles.
When he completes his exercise,
how far will he be from where he
started ?
Sample Problem: Vectors
A postal employee drives a delivery truck
along the route shown in the figure below.
Determine the magnitude and direction of
the resultant displacement.
Components of Vectors
When you break a vector into
its parts, those parts are called
its components
Sample Problem:
Components
What are the x- and y-components
of vector D? The magnitude of the
vector is 3.00m , and the angle is 45
degrees
Using Components to do
Vector Calculations
Finding a vector’s magnitude and
direction from its components
Multiplying a vector by a scalar
Using components to calculate the
vector sum(resultant) of two or
more vectors
Sample Problem: Vector
Components
Let θ be the angle that the vector A
makes with the +x-axis, measured
counterclockwise from that axis.
Find angle θ for a vector that has
these components:
(a) Ax = 2.00 m, Ay = -1.00 m
(b) Ax = 2.00 m, Ay = 1.00 m
Sample Problem: Vector
Components
Vector A is 2.80 cm long and is
60.0° above the x-axis in the first
quadrant. Vector B is 1.90 cm long
and is 60.0° below the x-axis in the
fourth quadrant. Use components to
find the magnitude and direction of
vector A + vector B.
Unit Vectors
A unit vector is a vector that
has a magnitude of 1, with no
units
Sample Problem: Unit Vector
Product of Vectors
Two different kinds of product
of vectors
1. Scalar Product / Dot Product
- yields a result that is a scalar
quantity
2. Vector Product / Cross Product
- yields another vector
Using Components to
Calculate the Scalar Product
We can calculate the scalar
product of vector A & vector B
directly if we know the x, y, & z
components if vector A and B
Sample Problem: Scalar
Product
Find the scalar product of vector A
and B. The magnitudes of the
vectors are A = 4.00 AND b = 5.00
Sample Problem: Scalar
Product
Sample Problem: Vector
Product
Vector A has magnitude 6 units and
is in the direction of the +x-axis.
Vector B has magnitude 4 units and
lies in the xy-plane, making an angle
of 30° with the +x-axis. Find the
vector A x vector B.
The End...
Thank You!!
