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Control Systems & Simulation Lab Manual Experiment - 2 Modeling of Physical Systems Using MATLAB

This document provides instructions for an experiment using MATLAB to model and simulate a physical control system. It describes the theoretical calculations to derive the transfer function of a basic mechanical translational system using mass, spring, and damping elements. The procedure involves opening MATLAB, writing a program or Simulink diagram to simulate the system using given parameter values for mass, damping, and spring stiffness. The output shows the step response of position over time for the physical system modeled in MATLAB and Simulink. The aim is to obtain and compare the step response of the mechanical system using different simulation methods.

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Krushnasamy Suramaniyan
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390 views5 pages

Control Systems & Simulation Lab Manual Experiment - 2 Modeling of Physical Systems Using MATLAB

This document provides instructions for an experiment using MATLAB to model and simulate a physical control system. It describes the theoretical calculations to derive the transfer function of a basic mechanical translational system using mass, spring, and damping elements. The procedure involves opening MATLAB, writing a program or Simulink diagram to simulate the system using given parameter values for mass, damping, and spring stiffness. The output shows the step response of position over time for the physical system modeled in MATLAB and Simulink. The aim is to obtain and compare the step response of the mechanical system using different simulation methods.

Uploaded by

Krushnasamy Suramaniyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Systems & Simulation Lab Manual 2019-2020

Experiment -2
Modeling of Physical Systems using MATLAB
2.1 AIM:

Calculate the transfer function for the given control system using D’Alembert principle.
Obtain the step response for the physical system MATLAB (program /Simulink) Software.
2.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl.No Equipment Quantity


Personal Computer with Windows or Linux
1. 01
operating system
MATLAB Software.
2. 01

2.3 THEORETICAL CALCULATION

Figure 2.1: Basic Mechanical Translational System


Elements of the mechanical system :Basic elements of mechanical translational system shown in
Figure 2.1
Mass: mass is the element symbolizing the inertia.
i. A force applied to the mass produces an acceleration of the mass.
ii. The reaction force fm is equal to the product of mass and acceleration and is opposite in
direction to the applied force in terms of displacement (x), a velocity v, and acceleration a
𝑓𝑚 (𝑡) = 𝑚𝑎

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Control Systems & Simulation Lab Manual 2019-2020

ⅆ𝑣
𝑓𝑚 (𝑡) = 𝑚 ⅆ𝑡

ⅆ2 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑓𝑚 = 𝑚 ⅆ𝑡 2

Spring:

𝑓𝑘 (𝑡) = 𝑘𝑥(𝑡)
Spring is connected between fixed end and free end.
When a force is applied,based on hooke’s law
Spring force α displacement
𝑓𝑘 = 𝑘𝑥(𝑡)
The reaction force (fk) developed due to compression and elongation of the spring is equal to the
product of the stiffness (k) and amount of deformation of the spring.
Damping force (fb/fd):

𝐹𝐵 𝛼 𝑣ⅇ𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
ⅆ
𝐹𝐵 = 𝐵 𝑥(𝑡)
ⅆ𝑡
𝐹𝐵 = 𝐵𝑣(𝑡)

Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering Page 8


Control Systems & Simulation Lab Manual 2019-2020

Viscous friction: it is experience when a body is in motion and the force is directly proportional to
the velocity of the body.

Fig: Basic Translational Mechanical System


Given System:
ⅆ2 ⅆ
F(t)= M ⅆ𝑡 2 𝑥(𝑡)+Bⅆ𝑡 𝑥(𝑡)+k x(t)

Taking Laplace Transform & Considering all initial conditions are zero
ⅆ2 ⅆ
F(s)=M L[ⅆ𝑡 2 𝑥(𝑡)]+B L[ⅆ𝑡 𝑥(𝑡)]+K L[x(t)]

F(s)=Ms2 x(s)+Bs x(s)+k x(s)


F(s)=x(s) [Ms2+Bs+k]
𝒙(𝒔) 𝟏
=
𝑭(𝒔) 𝑴𝒔𝟐 +𝑩𝒔+𝒌

f(s)
F(s) 𝟏 x(s)
𝟐
𝑴𝒔 + 𝑩𝒔 + 𝒌

2.4 PROCEDURE
1. Open MATLAB
2. Type the program in Editor Window / Draw Simulink diagram.
3. Save the program and Run the program.
4. If error occurs troubleshoot it

Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering Page 9


Control Systems & Simulation Lab Manual 2019-2020

2.5(i) MATLAB PROGRAM TO SIMULATE PHYSICAL SYSTEM


𝑚 = 10;
b=2;
k=5;
num=[1];
den=[m b k];
step(num,den)

(ii)Using Simulink to Simulate Physical System:

Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering Page 10


Control Systems & Simulation Lab Manual 2019-2020

2.6 MATLAB OUTPUTS [PROGRAM&SIMULINK]

2.7 Result
For the given values step response of mechanical translational system simulated in
MATLAB environment.

Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering Page 11

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