CH-1 NATURE OF SCIENCE CH-2 MOTION

1. What is necessary to designate a position?

1. Which is the most fundamental of the physical sciences? (a) fundamental units
(a) astronomy (b) motion
(b) chemistry
(c) a direction
(c) physics
(d) a reference point
(d) meteorology
2. Which one of the following is a concise statement about a 2. Which one of the following describes an object in motion? (2.1)
fundamental relationship in nature? (a) A period of time has passed.
(a) hypothesis (b) Its position is known.
(b) law (c) It is continuously changing position.
(c) theory (d) It has reached its final position.
(d) experiment 3. Which one of the following is always true about the magnitude of
3. Which human sense is first in supplying the most information a displacement? (2.2)
about the external world? (a) It is greater than the distance traveled.
(a) touch (b) It is equal to the distance traveled.
(b) taste (c) It is less than the distance traveled.
(c) sight (d) It is less than or equal to the distance traveled.
(d) hearing
4. Distance is to displacement as ___. (2.2)
4. Which is the standard unit of mass in the metric system?
(a) gram (a) centimeters is to meters
(b) kilogram (b) a vector is to a scalar
(c) slug (c) speed is to velocity
(d) pound (d) distance is to time
5. Which one of the following is not a fundamental quantity? 5. Acceleration may result from what? (2.3)
(a) length (a) an increase in speed
(b) weight (b) a decrease in speed
(c) mass (c) a change in direction
(d) time (d) all of the preceding
6. Which metric prefix means “one-thousandth”? 6. For a constant linear acceleration, what changes uniformly? (2.3)
(a) centi- (a) acceleration
(b) milli-
(b) velocity
(c) mega-
(c) distance
(d) kilo-
7. Which metric prefix means “thousand”? (d) displacement
(a) centi- 7. Which one of the following is true for a deceleration? (2.3)
(b) milli- (a) The velocity remains constant.
(c) mega- (b) The acceleration is negative.
(d) kilo- (c) The acceleration is in the direction opposite to the velocity.
8. Which of the following metric prefixes is the smallest? (d) The acceleration is zero.
(a) micro- 8. Which is true for an object in free fall? (2.3)
(b) centi- (a) It has frictional effects.
(c) nano- (b) It has a constant velocity.
(d) milli- (c) It has a constant displacement.
9. How many base units are there in the SI? (d) It increases in distance proportionally to t2.
(a) four
9. If the speed of an object in uniform circular motion is tripled and
(b) five
the radial distance remains constant, then the magnitude of the
(c) six
(d) seven centripetal acceleration increases by what factor? (2.4)
10. Which combination of units expresses density? (a) 2
(a) mass/(time)3 (b) 3
(b) mass/(kg)3 (c) 4
(c) mass/(length)3 (d) 9
(d) mass/m2 10. Neglecting air resistance, which of the following is true for a ball
11. What is the expression 1 in. 5 2.54 cm properly called? thrown at an angle u to the horizontal? (2.5)
(a) equation (a) It has a constant velocity in the 1x direction.
(b) conversion factor (b) It has a constant acceleration in the 2y direction.
(c) SI factor (c) It has a changing velocity in the 1y direction.
(d) equivalence statement (d) All of the preceding are true.
12. A student measures the length and width of a rectangle to be
11. In the absence of air resistance, a projectile launched at an
49.4 cm and 0.590 cm, respectively. Wanting to find the area
(in cm2) of this rectangle, the student multiplies on a calculator angle of 288 above the horizontal will have the same range as a
and obtains a result of 2.9146. The area should be reported as ___. projectile launched at which of the following angles? (2.5)
(a) 2914.6 cm2 (a) 458 °
(b) 2915 cm2 (b) 578 °
(c) 2.9 3 103 cm2 (c) 628 °
(d) 2.91 3 102 cm2
13. Which of the following numbers has the greatest number of (d) 180° - 33° = 147°
significant figures? 12. A football is thrown on a long pass. Compared to the ball’s
(a) 103.07 initial horizontal velocity, the velocity at the highest point is ___.
(b) 124.5 (2.5)
(c) 0.09914 (a) greater
(d) 5.048 3 105 (b) less
(c) the same
 CH-3 FORCE AND MOTION (a) a change in velocity
1. Mass is related to an object’s ___. (3.1) (b) an unbalanced force
(a) weight (c) an acceleration
(b) inertia (d) all of these
(c) density 15. Angular momentum is conserved in the absence of which of the
(d) all of the preceding following? (3.7)
2. What is a possible state of an object in the absence of a net (a) inertia
force? (3.2)
(b) gravity
(a) at rest
(c) a net torque
(b) constant speed
(c) zero acceleration (d) linear momentum
(d) all of the preceding
3. What term refers to the tendency of an object to remain at rest or CH-4 WORK AND ENERGY
in uniform, straight-line motion? (3.2) 1. Work is done on an object when it is (4.1)
(a) mass (a) moved
(b) force (b) stationary
(c) inertia (c) acted on by a balanced force
(d) external force (d) none of the preceding
4. What is necessary for a change in velocity? (3.3) 2. Which of the following is a unit of work? (4.1)
(a) inertia (a) W
(b) an unbalanced force (b) J-s
(c) a zero-net force (c) N/s
(d) a change in direction (d) N- m
5. According to Newton’s second law of motion, when an object is 3. What is the SI unit of energy? (4.2)
acted upon by an unbalanced force, what can be said about the (a) ft-lb
acceleration? (3.3) (b) newton
(a) It is inversely proportional to the object’s mass. (c) watt
(b) It is zero. (d) joule
(c) It is inversely proportional to the net force. 4. Which of the following objects has the greatest kinetic energy?
(d) It is independent of mass. (a) an object with a mass of 4m and a velocity of v
6. A net force ___. (b) an object with a mass of 3m and a velocity of 2v
(a) can produce motion (c) an object with a mass of 2m and a velocity of 3v
(b) is a scalar quantity (d) an object with a mass of m and a velocity of 4v
(c) is capable of producing a change in velocity 5. When negative work is done on a moving object, its kinetic
(d) both (a) and (c) energy (4.2)
7. For every action force, there is which of the following? (3.4) (a) increases
(a) a net force (b) decreases
(b) a friction force (c) remains constant
(c) an unbalanced force 6. The reference point for gravitational potential energy may be
(d) an equal and opposite force which of the following? (4.2)
8. Which is true of the force pair of Newton’s third law? (3.4) (a) zero
(a) The two forces never produce an acceleration. (b) negative
(b) The two forces act on different objects. (c) positive
(c) The two forces always cancel each other. (d) all of the preceding
(d) The two forces are in the same direction. 7. When the height of an object is changed, the gravitational
9. Which is true about the acceleration due to gravity? (3.5) potential
(a) It is a universal constant. energy (4.2)
(b) It is a fundamental property. (a) increases
(c) It decreases with increasing altitude. (b) decreases
(d) It is different for different objects in free fall. (c) depends on the reference point
10. What is true about the constant G? (3.5) (d) remains constant
(a) It is a very small quantity. 8. Energy cannot be ___ .
(b) It is a force. (a) created
(c) It is the same as g. (b) conserved
(c) transferred
(d) It decreases with altitude.
(d) in more than one form
11. A child’s toy floats in a swimming pool. The buoyant force
9. On which of the following does the speed of a falling object
exerted on the toy depends on the volume of ___. (3.6) depend? (4.3)
(a) water in the pool (a) mass
(b) the pool (b) (h)^1/2
(c) the water displaced (c) ½ mv^2
(d) the toy under water (d) parallel distance
12. If a submerged object displaces an amount of liquid with a 10. Power is expressed by which of the following units? (4.4)
weight less than its own, when the object is released, it will ___. (a) J/s
(a) sink (b) N-m
(b) remain submerged in equilibrium (c) W-s
(c) float (d) W/m
(d) pop up out of the surface 11. If one motor has three times as much power as another, then
the
13. If a submerged object displaces a volume of liquid of greater
less powerful motor ___ . (4.4)
weight than its own and is then released, what will the object do?
(a) can do the same work in three times the time
(a) sink (b) can do the same work in the same time
(b) rise to the surface and float (c) can do the same work in one-third the time
(c) remain at its submerged position (d) can never do the same work as the larger motor
14. A change in linear momentum requires which of the following?
12. In the United States, which one of the following sectors (a) 8C
consumes (b) 8F
the most energy? (4.5) (c) K
(a) residential 11. When heat is added to a system, it goes into which of the
(b) commercial following?
(c) industry (a) doing work only
(d) transportation
(b) adding to the internal energy only
13. Which one of the following would not be classified as a total
(c) doing work, increasing the internal energy, or both
alternative fuel source? (4.6)
(a) photocells 12. The direction of a natural process is indicated by which of the
(b) gasohol following?
(c) windmills (a) conservation of energy
(d) wood (b) change in entropy
14. Which of the following renewable energy sources currently (c) thermal efficiency
produces the most energy?
(a) wind power CH-6 WAVES AND SOUND
(b) solar power 1. A wave with particle oscillation parallel to the direction of
(c) hydropower propagation is a(n) _____ .
(d) tidal power (a) transverse wave
(b) longitudinal wave
CH-5 TEMPERATURE AND HEAT (c) light wave
1. Temperature is ____ . (5.1) (d) none of the preceding
(a) a measure of heat 2. If a piece of ribbon were tied to a stretched string carrying a
(b) a relative measure of hotness and coldness transverse wave, then how is the ribbon observed to oscillate?
(c) internal energy in transit (a) perpendicular to wave direction
(d) both (b) and (c) (b) parallel to wave direction
(c) neither (a) nor (b)
2. Which unit of the following is smaller? (5.2)
(d) both (a) and (b)
(a) a degree Fahrenheit
3. The energy of a wave is related to the square of which of the
(b) a kelvin following?
(c) a degree Celsius (a) amplitude
3. Which of the following is the largest unit of heat energy? (5.2) (b) frequency
(a) kilocalorie (c) wavelength
(b) calorie (d) period
(c) joule 4. How fast do electromagnetic waves travel in vacuum? (6.3)
(d) Btu (a) 3.00 3 108 m/s
4. The specific heat of substance A is 10 times that of substance B. (b) 9.8 m/s2
If equal amounts of heat are added to equal masses of the (c) 344 m/s
substances, then the temperature increase of substance A would (d) 3.44 3 106 m/s
be ____ . (5.3) 5. Which of the following is true for electromagnetic waves? (6.3)
(a) They have different speeds in vacuum for different frequencies.
(a) the same as that of B
(b) They are longitudinal waves.
(b) 10 times that of B
(c) They require a medium for propagation.
(c) one-tenth that of B (d) None of the preceding is true.
(d) none of the preceding 6. Which one of the following regions has frequencies just slightly
5. Which of the following methods of heat transfer generally less than the visible region in the electromagnetic frequency
involves mass movement? (5.4) spectrum?
(a) conduction (a) radio wave
(b) convection (b) ultraviolet
(c) radiation (c) microwave
6. The heat we get from the Sun is transferred through space by (d) infrared
which process? (5.4) 7. The speed of sound is generally greatest in ____ . (6.4)
(a) conduction (a) gases
(b) convection (b) liquids
(c) solids
(c) radiation
(d) vacuum
(d) all of the preceding 8. Which of the following sound frequencies would not be heard by
7. In which of the following is intermolecular bonding greatest? the human ear? (6.4)
(a) solids (a) 25 Hz
(b) liquids (b) 900 Hz
(c) gases (c) 20 kHz
8. Which of the following has a definite volume but no definite (d) 25 kHz
shape? (5.5) 9. A sound with an intensity level of 30 dB is how many times
(a) solid louder than the threshold of hearing? (6.4)
(b) liquid (a) 10
(c) gas (b) 3000
(d) plasma (c) 100
(d) 1000
9. Pressure is defined as (5.6)
10. A moving observer approaches a stationary sound source.
(a) force
What
(b) force times area does the observer hear? (6.5)
(c) area divided by force (a) an increase in frequency
(d) force divided by area (b) a decrease in frequency
10. When we use the ideal gas law, the temperature must be in (c) the same frequency as the source
which of the following units? (5.6)
11. Which of the following properties does not change in the sheets are at an angle of 908 to each other? (7.5)
Doppler (a) No light gets through.
effect? (b) There is maximum transmission.
(a) wavelength (c) Maximum transmission is reduced by 50%.
(b) speed (d) None of the preceding.
(c) frequency 11. Which is true of diffraction? (7.6)
(d) period
(a) It occurs best when the slit width is less than the wavelength
12. If an astronomical light source were moving toward us, then
of a wave.
what would be observed? (6.5)
(a) a blueshift (b) It depends on refraction.
(b) a shift toward longer wavelengths (c) It is caused by interference.
(c) a shift toward lower frequencies (d) It does not occur for light.
(d) a sonic boom 12. When does total constructive interference occur? (7.6)
13. Which of the following occur(s) when a stretched string is (a) when waves are in phase
shaken at one of its natural frequencies? (6.6) (b) at the same time as total destructive interference
(a) standing waves (c) when the waves are equal in amplitude and are completely
(b) resonance out of phase
(c) maximum energy transfer (d) when total internal reflection occurs
(d) all of the preceding
CH-8 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
CH-7 OPTICS AND WAVE EFFECTS 1. What can be said about the electric force between two charged
1. For ray reflections from a surface, which statement is true? (7.1) particles?
(a) The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. (a) it is repulsive for unlike charges.
(b) The reflection angle is measured from a line perpendicular to (b) it varies as 1/r.
the reflecting surface. (c) it depends only on the magnitudes of the charges.
(c) The rays lie in the same plane. (d) it is much, much greater than the attractive gravitational force.
(d) All the preceding are true. 2. Two equal positive charges are placed equidistant on either side
2. To what does the law of reflection apply? (7.1) of another positive charge. What would the middle positive charge
(a) regular reflection experience? (8.1)
(b) specular reflection (a) a net force to the right
(c) diffuse reflection (b) a net force to the left
(d) all the preceding (c) a zero-net force
3. What is the case when the angle of refraction is smaller than the 3. In a dc circuit, how do electrons move? (8.2)
angle of incidence? (7.2) (a) with a slow drift velocity.
(a) The critical angle is exceeded. (b) in alternate directions.
(b) The first medium is less dense. (c) near the speed of light.
(c) The second medium has a smaller index of refraction. (d) none of the preceding.
(d) The speed of light is greater in the second medium. 4. What is a unit of voltage? (8.2)
4. In refraction, which of the following wave properties is (a) joule
unchanged? (7.2) (b) joule/coulomb
(a) frequency (c) amp-coulomb
(b) wavelength (d) amp/coulomb
(c) speed 5. In electrical terms, power has what units? (8.2)
(d) both (a) and (b) (a) joule/coulomb
5. What is the unit of the index of refraction? (7.2) (b) amp/ohm
(a) m (c) amp-coulomb
(b) none; it is unitless (d) amp-volt
(c) m/s 6. Appliances with heating elements require which of the following?
(d) l/s (a) a large current
6. Which is true of a convex mirror? (7.3) (b) a large resistance
(a) It has a radius of curvature equal to f. (c) a low joule heat
(b) It is a converging mirror. 7. The greatest equivalent resistance occurs when resistances are
(c) It forms only virtual images. connected in which type of arrangement? (8.3)
(d) It forms magnified and reduced images. (a) series
7. Which is true for a real image? (7.3) (b) parallel
(a) It is always magnified. (c) series–parallel
(b) It is formed by converging light rays. 8. Given three resistances, the greatest current occurs in a battery
(c) It is formed behind a mirror. circuit when the resistances are connected in what type of
(d) It occurs only for Di = Do. arrangement? (8.3)
8. Which of the following is true of a concave lens? (7.4) (a) series
(a) It is a converging lens. (b) parallel
(b) It is thicker at the center than at the edge. (c) series–parallel
(c) It is a lens that forms virtual images for Do > f. 9. When two bar magnets are near each other, the north pole of
(d) It is a lens that forms real images for Do < f. one of the magnets experiences what type of force from the other
9. Which is true of a virtual image? (7.4) magnet? (8.4)
(a) It is always formed by a convex lens. (a) an attractive force
(b) It can be formed on a screen. (b) a repulsive force
(c) It is formed on the object side of a lens. (c) a Coulomb force
(d) It cannot be formed by a concave lens. (d) both (a) and (b)
10. What happens when the polarization directions of two polarizing
10. What is the variation in the location of the Earth’s magnetic (c) spontaneous
north pole from true north given by? (8.4) (d) stimulated
(a) the law of poles 9. Which of the following does a laser do?
(b) the magnetic field (a) amplifies light
(c) magnetic domains (b) produces monochromatic light
(d) the magnetic declination (c) produces coherent light
11. What type of energy conversion does a motor perform? (8.5) (d) all the preceding
(a) chemical energy into mechanical energy 10. Limitations on measurements are described by which of the
(b) mechanical energy into electrical energy following?
(c) electrical energy into mechanical energy (a) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
(d) mechanical energy into chemical energy (b) de Broglie’s hypothesis
12. What type of energy conversion does a generator perform? (c) Schrödinger’s equation
(a) chemical energy into mechanical energy (d) Einstein’s special theory of relativity
(b) mechanical energy into electrical energy 11. Which of the following pairs of particle properties is it
(c) electrical energy into mechanical energy impossible
(d) mechanical energy into chemical energy to determine exactly and simultaneously? (9.5)
13. Which of the following is true of a step-up transformer? (8.5) (a) charge and mass
(a) It has an equal number of windings on the primary and (b) position and velocity
secondary coils. (c) charge and position
(b) It has fewer windings on the secondary coil. (d) velocity and momentum
(c) It has fewer windings on the primary coil. 12. What scientist first hypothesized matter waves? (9.6)
(d) None of the preceding statements is true. (a) Schrödinger
14. A transformer with more windings on the primary coil than on (b) de Broglie
the secondary coil does which of the following? (8.4) (c) Heisenberg
(a) Steps up the voltage. (d) Einstein
(b) Steps up the current. 13. According to the de Broglie hypothesis, how is the wavelength
(c) Steps up both current and voltage. associated with a moving particle?
(d) Will operate off dc current. (a) It is independent of mass.
(b) It is longer the greater the speed of the particle.
CH-9 ATOMIC PHYSICS (c) It easily shows diffraction effects.
1. Who championed the idea of the atom about 400 BCE? (9.1) (d) None of the preceding.
(a) Aristotle 14. Why did the Bohr model need improvement? (9.7)
(b) Plato (a) It worked only for the hydrogen atom.
(c) Democritus (b) It did not explain why the atom is quantized.
(d) Archimedes (c) It did not explain why an electron does not emit radiation as it
2. Which scientist is associated with the “plum pudding model” orbits.
of the atom? (9.1) (d) All these answers are correct.
(a) Thomson
(b) Rutherford CH-10 NUCLEAR PHYSICS
(c) Bohr 1. Which scientist devised the symbol notation we now use for
(d) Dalton elements? (10.1)
3. Planck developed his quantum hypothesis to explain which (a) Newton
of these phenomena? (9.2) (b) Berzelius
(a) the ultraviolet catastrophe (c) Dalton
(b) line spectra (d) Einstein
(c) the photoelectric effect 2. What is the symbol notation for the element potassium? (10.1)
(d) uncertainty (a) P
4. Light of which of the following colors has the greatest photon (b) Po
energy? (9.2) (c) Pt
(a) red (d) K
(b) orange 3. How many neutrons are in the nucleus of the atom 35
(c) yellow 17Cl ? (10.2)
(d) violet (a) 35
5. The Bohr theory was developed to explain which of these (b) 17
phenomena? (c) 18
(a) energy levels (d) 52
(b) the photoelectric effect 4. Is a nucleon
(c) line spectra (a) a proton,
(d) quantum numbers (b) a neutron,
6. In which of the following states does a hydrogen electron have (c) an electron, or
the greatest energy? (9.3) (d) both a proton and a neutron
(a) n=1 5. Which radioactive decay mode does not result in a different
(b) n=3 nuclide? (10.3)
(c) n=5 (a) alpha
(d) n=7.5 (b) beta
7. Bombarding a metal anode with high-energy electrons produces (c) gamma
which of the following? (9.4) (d) all the preceding
(a) laser light 6. What is the missing particle in the nuclear decay
(b) X-rays (a) deuteron
(c) microwaves (b) neutron
(d) neutrons (c) beta particle
8. The “s” in the acronym laser stands for (9.4) (d) alpha particle
(a) simple
(b) specific
7. The majority of stable isotopes belong to which category? (10.3)
(a) odd–odd
(b) even–even
(c) even–odd
(d) odd–even
8. Which of the following scientists discovered radioactivity? (10.3)
(a) Rutherford
(b) Heisenberg
(c) Becquerel
(d) Pierre Curie
9. How many half-lives would it take for a sample of a radio-
active isotope to decrease its activity to 1
32 of the original
amount? (10.3)
(a) 5
(b) 16
(c) 6
(d) 32
10. Which of the following is not conserved in all nuclear reactions?
(a) nucleons
(b) mass number,
(c) atomic number
(d) neutron number
11. What is the appropriate procedure to decrease the heat output
of a fission reactor core during a crisis? (10.5)
(a) Insert the control rods farther.
(b) Remove fuel rods.
(c) Increase the level of coolant.
(d) Decrease the amount of moderator.
12. What is a very hot gas of nuclei and electrons called? (10.6)
(a) tokomak
(b) laser
(c) plasma
(d) ideal gas
13. Which unit is most closely associated with the biological effects
of radiation? (10.7)
(a) the curie
(b) the rem
(c) the becquerel
(d) the cpm
14. What is the theoretical exchange particle for the nuclear weak
force?
(a) Z particle
(b) pion
(c) graviton
(d) gluon