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PeTCAB (Polyethylene Terephthalate Conditioning Air Bottles)

By Portin, Christel; Lopez, Mark Timothy; Galiste, Dale Lawrence

Adviser: Sarah G. Candelaria
Sto. Cristo Integrated School, Tarlac City, Region III – Central Luzon

A gradual increase of heat in the surroundings that caused by the Global warming

have been experienced by most of the people nowadays, that is why studies about

reducing the heat in a specific place has been made. With this, researchers came up

with the idea in making PeTCAB to reduce the temperature entering in a target area

using some waste plastic bottles. The product was made up of 50 half cut plastic

bottles that were attached in a lengthwise plywood, which serves as the body of the

product. The developed PeTCAB was place in a specific area and room for the

investigation and as a result, the temperature of a room with the ventilated PETCAB

was decreased, while the temperature of a room with a non-ventilated PETCAB

stays the same and increased in the whole hour. This process was because of the

Joule Thompson effect that helps the flow of the air and the temperature of the air

to change as it pass through the valve of the bottle. This means that with the help

of the product by just using some recycled materials will help to reduce the heat in

a specific room or house, and also the problem of the society about the growth of

plastic bottles everywhere will be decrease. With this, PeTCAB can be a convenient

eco-air cooler that can be used by most of the people, especially to those who do

not have enough electric source in their houses and far from the city.
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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

One of the major problem of the world now, compare from the past few

decades is the global warming. This phenomenon is caused by some kind of

pollutants that has a big impact in the Earth’s environment and thru of this, a gradual

increase of temperature in the surroundings have already experience by most of the

countries, especially to those tropical places including the Philippines. For this

reason, people suffer in an increased heat condition in their environment. As the

surroundings warms-up, the body of a human tends to warm-up as well, that is why

people tend to feel unstable, and this also might cause dehydration, heat stress, and

headaches.

Another major problem of the world now is the plastic bottles. This waste

bottles can be seen dispersed everywhere. If the growth of this bottles cannot be

stop as soon as possible, the countries will not just suffer in the heat situation in

their areas, but also the increase growth of plastic bottles everywhere.

These problems cannot be stop anymore, but people can prevent the growth

of them. With the problems that were stated above, the researchers came up with

the concept of making a PeTCAB (Polyethylene Terephthalate Conditioning Air

Bottles), which has said on its title, will make the air cool. The product will help to
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lessen the suffer of the people from the increase heat in a specific area or room and

also, it will help to reduce the increase growth of the plastic bottles everywhere.

The physics concept of the product was describe in this literature. In the

article of Dr. John Weisend, Winter 2010 issue of Cold Facts as part of his series,

Defining Cryogenics, the Joule-Thomson (JT) effect is a thermodynamic process

that occurs when a fluid expands from high pressure to low pressure at constant

enthalpy (an isenthalpic process). Such a process can be approximated in the real

world by expanding a fluid from high pressure to low pressure across a valve. Under

the right conditions, this can cause cooling of the fluid. This effect was first

observed in an experiment conducted by James Joule and Thomson in 1852 in

which they flowed high pressure air through a small porous plug causing the

pressure to drop. Joule and Thomson noted that the air was cooled by this procedure

(which is a good approximation of an isenthalpic process).

This phenomenon has proven to be important in the advancement of

refrigeration systems as well as liquefiers, air conditioners, and heat pumps. It is

also the effect that is responsible for a tire valve getting cold when you let out the

air from a bicycle tire. This is adiabatic throttling process. No heat or mechanical

work is exchanged with the environment. (Wark, Jr., 1995)

This study aims to deal with the increase of heat in a specific room or area

which can be use by the citizens, especially to those people that lacks electric source

in their houses or to those far from the urban that experience much heat in their
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homes or classrooms. While dealing with the main problem of this study, this study

also helps with the waste management in which reduces the amount of plastic

bottles that causes pollutions in the environment by the means of recycling usable

plastic bottles to make the product possible. Also, the PeTCAB does not need any

electricity or other sources, “and this product was made portable and foldable so

that the PeTCAB will be a handy product and can be remove and place from one

place to another.”

In making a clear perception, this study focuses in making a product which

will help to reduce the heat in a target area or in a specific room by just using and

recycling the waste plastic bottles that can be seen around, this study will also show

the process of how does the product will do its job. Also, the goal of this study is

to make a product which will have an environmental characteristic and also, will

be cheap and made by using recycled materials that can be seen everywhere.
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The Problem of the Study

By giving the people a hope for dealing with this worldwide problem, the

researchers would like to introduce a product that might change the perspective

outlook about this problem. The PeTCAB or the air conditioning unit made from

plastic bottles, this will help the environment in a specific room or house to produce

cooler air and at the same time helps the environment to reduce the plastic bottles

in the surroundings.

In order to have a clearer perception on how the air conditioning bottles

give benefits to the people. This study's objectives are to know the effects of using

this product which the study needed to answer the following questions:

1.What can this air conditioning bottles do to the environment?

2.The types of materials can be described in terms of:

2.1. Durability

2.2 Affordability

2.3 Weight

2.4 Portability

3.How will it help the environment to produce cooler air temperature?

4.Can this product last for a long period of time in use?

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5.Does the product needs any of the following sources of energy to make

its functionality true?

5.1. Electricity

5.2. Solar Power

5.3. Hydrogen Fuel or Energy

6.Will this product ensure the safeties of the user while in the area of use?

7Is this product efficient and convenient to everyone so that it won't cost too

much to produce?

8. What will be the best time to test the product to see its best performance

and capability?

9.How much heat or temperature can this product decrease within a time

lapse?

10.How will this product works?

11.What kind of bottles are needed in order to achieve its effectiveness?

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Significance of the Study

The aim of the researchers in this study is to create something useful and

efficient that can help everyone in which by the means of recycling and small

effort, they can do a product that will provide comfort whenever they need, with

the use of PeTCAB or Air cooling bottles made from PeT bottles itself. This study

will give use or importance of the following:

To the researchers, they will benefit and practice the use of air cooling

bottles. The researcher can form a design and samples that will manifest the

workabilityof the PeTCAB.

To the students, they can learn to do or create something trough trash into a

useful and eco-friendly product. They can also adopt the importance of a piece of

trash that can be a recyclable and usable thing.

To Sto. Cristo Integrated School, this study can give a use for the school

specifically to the SCIS High School department teachers, major in TLE, and

Science. They will also have a remedy for reducing and recycling the recyclable

To Tarlac City, this research study can help to reduce the growth of heat

in the specific rooms, houses or areas in the said city, as the air goes hotter, the

city also gets hard time in managing to provide enough cool air in every places,

that is why this study can help in attaining this kind of achievement or goal.
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To the Government, this study utilizes the Air cooling bottles as an

alternative cooling system that can help the community in Tarlac City.

Additionally, the materials needed for this study are can be seen around, and they

can also reduce and recycle the waste.

Related Studies

Foreign Studies

According to the study ‘‘Bangladeshi air cooler’’ (2016) some places in

Bangladesh experienced an extremely hot temperature since it was summer. Air

conditioning isn’t a choice especially to those who live in remote areas. This study

doesn’t need any electricity; it’s built from waste materials like plastic bottles, for

just months of making the developer Ashis Paul and his team helped to install their

product which is called the Eco-cooler to the 25,000 households in progress.

The zero electricity cooler is just simple to construct and build. A board is

cut to fit the target window, and holes are made in a grid pattern that are sized to fit

the bottle neck. Plastic bottles’ bottom are cut out and disposed, funnel-shaped

bottlenecks that are placed on the board will remain. Except for installing it in place

of the regular window. When installed, the wider part of the bottles faces outside

and catches the passing wind, cooling air into the targeted room.

Compared to other eco-cooling inventions PeTCAB also had the idea of

cooling the air by just using recycled plastic bottles. Given example is the zero
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electricity air cooler invented by a Bangladeshi wherein it is also built by common

wastes: empty plastic soda bottles, both of the researchers purposes were just the

same which is to keep the air cool as much as possible but PeTCAB was not created

just to copy ideas from the one existed already. The product of the researchers was

made to be multi-functional. First the PeTCAB is made portable in which will come

in handy so placing it on other areas will not be so difficult, it also comes with

foldable action that's why it is very efficient and convenient to use.

According to Huynh Thi Minh Thu (2014) on its study entitled “A Study on

an Eco-friendly and High-performance Cooling System using “evapotranspiration”

states that the objectives of the researchers is to create an eco-friendly cooling

system that does not fatigue due to the heat of the environment. The researchers

express the leaves of trees by evapotranspiration that can keep the temperature

cooler while absorbing solar insolation. Also, this study proposed system that the

study can reduce up to 30% of energy consumption and by this, the study can save

energy consumption. Figuring out, the study can help the urban residents to lessen

the heat on the society’s island by using the so called evapotranspiration.

The existing air conditioning system with water cooled condenser and

proposed evapotranspiration condenser have been done. The existing product is

used as the researchers’ guideline. Also, the ability to reduce condenser temperature

is to use the air conditioning system with water-cooled condenser. As a result, it

reduced the moving air from the water-cooled condenser.

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While PeTCAB is composed of plastic bottles in order to produce cooler air

with the process of gas contractions and air ventilation, there's another product

created in a unique and also efficient way. A high performance cooling system

using evapotranspiration, what is with this evapotranspiration? It is creating an

ecofriendly cooling system that can keep the temperature cooler while absorbing

solar insolation. When it comes to the purpose, the goals that needed to be reached

were equal and the products have the same efficiency, easy to make and use.

Local Study

In the study "Plastic bottles turned into eco-bricks at Philippines hostels"

(2017) it's stated there that Rubbish on the beaches has been getting much worse in

the last 30 years. In the rainy season there’s so much plastic on the beaches and in

the water because all of the trash washes down the rivers and into the ocean. It’s

affecting sea life, too. The researcher's used plastic bottles and other plastic wastes.

It helps to reduce and recycle the waste into a useful one.

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METHODS AND MATERIALS

Research Design

The researchers systematic study plan used to turn a research question or

research questions into a “testing project" or " experimental study". It may also

be defined as a set of advance decisions that make up the master plan specifying

the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed

information.

The type of research used in this study is to test the feasibility of the

product PeTCAB (Polyethylene Terephthalate Conditioning Air Bottles).

The researchers used the experimental type since the researchers aimed to

add new knowledge about recyclable materials to create a new product, not just

a product but a useful one. Also, this research can resolve or lessen the heat that

the society is facing. Thus, it can help the society especially in remote areas or

urban residential. In addition, the product may also be an alternative material to

electronics devices like air-conditioner.

Hypothesis

𝐻0 : There is no significant difference between the means of the room

temperature of classroom ventilated with PeTCAB and classroom not ventilated

with PeTCAB
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𝐻1 : There is a significant difference between the means of the room temperature

of classroom ventilated with PeTCAB and classroom not ventilated with

PeTCAB

2.1 Description of the study area

The study was done in Sto. Cristo Integrated School Tarlac, City. The study

area was chosen as it has a temperature with the average to high degrees Celsius

which is 33° /24° as of September 2018. With this, it is a convenient place for the

investigation and also to achieve the goal of this research.

2. 2 Product Preparation

Experimental Design

First, the researchers looked for 50 pieces used 1 liter bottles but still in

good condition, which was used as the main material of the PeTCAB (Polyethylene

Terephthalate Conditioning Air Bottles). The plastic bottles that was used by the

researchers was the bottles of the Coca-Cola, because according to the global brand

audit report of 2018, Coca-Cola produces the most plastic bottles worldwide and

considered as one of the top corporate plastic polluters by the Greenpeace

Philippines in this year. That is why, researchers used the Coca-Cola plastic bottles

as the main material of the PeTCAB.

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Researchers also look for a convenient board that serves as the body of the

PeTCAB, which were the used plastic bottles were placed and also a board which

is not a great conductor of heat.

On the other hand, researchers also looked for some boxes that was still in

good condition. The boxes that the researchers looked for was the unused or thrown

boxes form the grocery stores or in junkshops. This material will be used for the

making of miniature house but this houses was just for a closer investigation of the

product and to see if the product really works when doing the testing process.

Researchers also looked for the scrap but still in good condition plywood

from school for the making of the case of PeTCAB and also some small unused

wheels from the stock room of school.

B. Assembly of the Product

Recycled 1-liter plastic bottles were cut into half, which the cut lead part

was used. A used but still in good condition plywood was chose as the main body

of the PeTCAB and it was with the size 22.5 x 43.75 inches. The chosen plywood

was pierced according on how many bottles does the PeTCAB (Polyethylene

Terephthalate Conditioning Air Bottles) required and on how many bottles that

could be fit on the board.

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The recycled plastic bottles that were cut was put into the pierced board. As

the recycled bottles were put into the long and flat plank, the cap of the bottles was

also cut and used as the main lock for the bottles so that the recycled bottles will

not fall down when attached on the board. After this, paint was also put on the

product so that it will look good for the sight of people.

C. Assembly of the Miniature House

The thrown and unused boxes from the junkshops and grocery stores was

cut to form a house-shape-like box. Researchers made two miniature houses and

add made some basic parts of a house on the two miniscule boxes so that it will

look good and will look like real but small a house. Also, they put a square shape

hole both on the box where researchers can put the thermometer inside of the

miniature house.

In addition, researchers made 20 holes on the left side of the other box where

they can put the bottles for the closer and more focused observation for the testing

process.

D. Assembly of the Case

With the help of School Staff, the scrap plywood from school was cut into

the back and front size of 28.5 x 33 inches and with the side size of 17.5 x 33
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inches was also assembled with the same shape of the product so that the PeTCAB

can be put and be fit on the case. After the case was assembled, the wheels were

put underneath the case so that people will not lift them anymore but instead, they

will just push the case for it to move to their desired place. This case was made so

that people will not carry the PeTCAB from place to place and also, so that the

product can be easily moved from one place to another.

E. Placing of the PETCAB

After the assembling of the product, the PeTCAB (Polyethylene

Terephthalate Conditioning Air Bottles) was placed in the window of a classroom

for the room observation.

On the other hand, the 20 bottles on the product was remove and

placed on the holes of the miniature house for the next investigation. The bottles

from the product was remove temporarily for the investigation, but after that, they

can simply put them back again on the product because the plastic bottles were

detachable.

2.3 Treatment Description and Experimental Design

There were three treatments and no replicates giving a total of just one

eco cooling unit. A plywood is used as a “body” in order to maintain the durability

of the product which will give it a more environmental-friendly characteristic. The

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material used was 22.5 x 43.75 inches in measurement that sufficed the space

needed for a portrait rectangular window. The treatment of this product were: (1)

The changes in temperature, (2) how long will the product can be used, (3)

durability of the product on different kinds of weather.

2.4 Room Preparation

Researchers find a convenient classroom which the product will be

placed, and observed the temperature by using the thermometer. Researchers

decided to conduct the observation in a room while the window and the door

was closed.

2.5 Miniature room Preparation

The room preparation and in this kind of preparation were just the same,

but they only differ in some ways. The room is much wider than this, which

means that the researchers conducted the testing process for a closer

observation with also the use of thermometer. And also, so that it can be

easily seen if the temperature will drop if it is ventilated with PeTCAB or

will stays the same without the ventilated PeTCAB.

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2.6 Data Collection and Analysis

In order to gather information or data using the product, the eco cooling unit

was tested in a classroom with closed doors, windows and other passage of air

through the designated room, ensuring that the temperature within the area stays

normal, and it was just the same with miniature houses measuring the temperature

using the thermometer and this process was done from 7:30 am to 4: 30 pm.
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3.1 Test of the PeTCAB (Polyethylene Terephthalate Conditioning Air

Bottles)

A. Room Temperature from 7:30 am to 4:30 pm

Ventilated with PeTCAB Not Ventilated with PeTCAB

Time Changes in Time Changes in

temperature temperature
every hour (°C) every hour (°C)
10:30 am 27 10:30 am 29

11:30 am 29 11:30 am 32

12:30 pm 29 12:30 pm 32

1:30 pm 30 1:30 pm 33

2:30 pm 31 2:30 pm 34

3:30 pm 31 3:30 pm 33

4:30 pm 31 4:30 pm 33
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B. Miniature Room Temperature from 7:30 am to 4:30 pm

Ventilated with PeTCAB Not Ventilated with PeTCAB

Time Changes in Time Changes in

temperature temperature
every hour (°C) every hour (°C)
10:30 am 29 10:30 am 30

11:30 am 30 11:30 am 32

12:30 pm 30 12:30 pm 32

1:30 pm 32 1:30 pm 33

2:30 pm 32 2:30 pm 34

3:30 pm 32 3:30 pm 33

4:30 pm 31 4:30 pm 33

The data collected was analyzed by the researchers by referring to the test

results and by redoing the process to make sure that the product can maintain its

availability in any situation.

The product which was the air conditioning plastic bottles was made to

keep the temperature of rooms or houses into a normal state. Here, the researchers

discussed about the results made after testing the product on different platforms to

see how much change it made.

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A. In a room

Statistical Treatment

Statistical Tool

One tailed T- test

With Alpha of ∝ = 0.05

Degree of Freedom / df = 6

Critical Value = 1.943

Considered Temperature from 10:30 – 4:30 due to the sun’s heat is concentrated

at its peak at this time of the day.

Room Form n = 7

Without PeTCAB With PeTCAB

Test Point ℃ ℃

1 29 27

2 32 29

3 32 29

4 33 30

5 34 31

6 33 31

7 33 31
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𝑥̅ 1 = 32.28 𝑥̅ 2 = 29.71

Variance1 = 1.40

Variance2 = 1.91

Standard Deviation = 2.89

T- Value = 2.16

Formula

∑𝑥
Mean1 = 𝑥̅ = 𝑛

Where n = 7

∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )²
Variance = 𝑛

Standard Deviation (Pooled Estimate)

√(𝑛1−1)(𝑉𝐴𝑅1)2 +(𝑛2−1)( 𝑉𝐴𝑅2)²

Sp=
𝑛 +𝑛 −2

𝑥̅ 1− 𝑥̅ 2
T- Value = (𝑆𝑝) 1 1
√ +
n1 n2

The researchers used two rooms to be tested with the product, the first

room was the room with the ventilated PeTCAB and the second room was with a
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non-ventilated PeTCAB the first room was observed using a thermometer to know

the temperature of the area throughout the whole day, it was tested while classes

are going on, a better time for the investigation to see how much the temperature

will change with a much amount of students which was known that the more a space

was occupied, the more heat can be emitted from them. It was observed that as time

passes by, the only increase of temperature that occurred was only 1°C, up to 2°C

upon reaching 3:30 pm and then the temperature stays the same at 4:30 pm where

the sun already started setting. Going with the unventilated room, it was observed

that the temperature was gradually increasing in a great amount reaching up to 3°C

increase in every 2-3 hours that will even increase as the temperature rises because

of the sun. Which means, with the use of PeTCAB, it will help to maintain or

decrease the temperature from the hot condition that experienced by the people in

a specific room or area, but without the use or presence of PeTCAB in the room,

the temperature of a specific place will just stay or increased by 2 to 3°C, this was

because that there was no PeTCAB which will help to ventilate the hot air coming

to the target area.

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B. In a miniature room

Statistical Treatment

Statistical Tool

One tailed T- test

With Alpha of ∝ = 0.05

Degree of Freedom / df = 6

Critical Value = 1.943

Considered Temperature from 10:30 – 4:30 due to the sun’s heat is concentrated

at its peak at this time of the day.

Miniature Form n = 7

Without PeTCAB With PeTCAB

Test Point ℃ ℃

1 30 29

2 32 30

3 32 30

4 33 32

5 34 32

6 33 32

7 33 31
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𝑥̅ 1 = 32.42 𝑥̅ 2 = 30.85

Variance1 = 1.38

Variance2 = 1.28

Standard Deviation = 1.32

T- Value = 2.22

Formula

∑𝑥
Mean1 = 𝑥̅ = 𝑛

Where n = 7

∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )²
Variance = 𝑛

Standard Deviation (Pooled Estimate)

√(𝑛1−1)(𝑉𝐴𝑅1)2 +(𝑛2−1)( 𝑉𝐴𝑅2)²

Sp=
𝑛 +𝑛 −2

𝑥̅ 1− 𝑥̅ 2
T- Value = (𝑆𝑝) 1 1
√ +
n1 n2

If T-Value > C-Value means, there is significant difference.

If T-Value < C-Value means, there is significant similarity.

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The temperature in both miniature rooms were measured by the

thermometer. At 10:30 am, the temperature of the first room which is the room with

ventilated PeTCAB stays the same, but the second room without the ventilated

PeTCAB was increased by 1°C giving the total of 29°C.

At 11:30 am, both of the temperature in miniature rooms were increased in

different Celsius. The temperature of the room with ventilated PeTCAB was

increased by 2°C, while the temperature in the other miniature room without the

ventilated PeTCAB was increased at 32°C, having a conclusion the temperature

was increased by 3°C. At 12:30 pm, the temperature of the first room was increased

by 1°C but the temperature on the second miniature room stays the same, but it can

be seen that the temperature of the room without the ventilated room was still higher

than the room with the ventilated PeTCAB.

At 1:30 pm, the temperature in both room were increased by 1°C, but the

temperature in miniature room with ventilated PeTCAB stays the same at 2:30 pm,

while the miniature room without the ventilated PeTCAB was increased by 1°C,

giving the total of 34°C. At 3:30 pm, the temperature in the first miniature room

still stays the same while the temperature in the second room wasdecreased by 1°C,

but it can still be seen that the temperature of the second room was still higher than

the first room.

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At 4:30 pm, the temperature of the miniature room with the ventilated

PetCAB was decreased by 1°C, while the temperature on the second miniature

room stays the same with the total of 33°C.

The observations that was stated above was just the same with the real room

investigation but the purpose of the miniature house was created for the closer

investigation.

To sum up, with the use of PeTCAB in a miniature room helps to maintain

the temperature inside so that it will not reach the higher level of temperature and

also, it helps to control the flow of the hot air and making it cool like what was

happened on the room investigation. On the other hand, the temperature of the

miniature room without the ventilated PeTCAB was increased because there was

no product which helps to control hot air coming inside of the miniature room. The

temperature was increased because there was no ventilation of PeTCAB.

C. Sustainability of the product

The materials used to make the product should be in condition to maintain

its quality. The PeTCAB was not created just to provide the cool effect of air in a

designated area. The air cooling system was made to sustain its quality, its

durability and its function as it experiences different kinds of circumstances or

situations. The product can maintain the importance and the benefits it can give, no

matter what happens.

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D. Durability of the product

The PeTCAB consist of plywood and used plastic bottles. Plywood was

commonly known in using for the construction of houses and other staffs, this thin

plank was made up of thin plies of hardwood or soft wood that glued together,

which gives its strength and durability. The lifespan of the plywood last for about

20 years and up and it depends on what quality does the factory use for making

them.

On the other hand, Plastic bottles are made up of polyethylene terephthalate

and its durability depends on the quality that was used in making the plastic bottles,

but the lifespan of the plastic bottles will last up to 450 years.

Therefore, the lifespan of the product will last long because traditional PeT

bottles and plywood was used in making the product, but if the product was hit by

something, it will not be easily destroy because the product has its own main lock

for the plastic bottles in the board, and if its accidentally wreck or destroy by

something or if the bottles are not in good condition anymore, it can be change by

looking for another thrown pet bottles, and so the plywood too.
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I. Results and Discussion

A. Discussion

In the result above, it can be seen that the room temperature of the air

without the PeTCAB has been increased from time to time, while the

temperature of the room with the PeTCAB maintains and didn’t increased or

surpass the degree temperature of a room without the product. This means that

with the help of the product, it helps to maintain the air in a specific room or

place, and it helps the air to not increased higher than the temperature without

the PeTCAB.

The product can maintain or balance the cool temperature of the

atmosphere within the area of range that can eventually make a person to be

stable without the feel of being dehydrated, the process in which the ventilation

occurs is called the Joule-Thomson effect, this Joule-Thomson effect was found

by James Prescott Joule and William Thomson which are both British

physicists. The change of temperature using the product is a result of sudden

pressure change over the neck of the plastic bottles which makes the air cooler.

As the expanded air passes through the valve of the bottle it compresses making

the air passing became cold. That is why its process is also the same on how an

electronic air conditioner works as well as a refrigerator.

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B. Hypothesis Conclusion

The null hypothesis that was made by the researchers has been rejected

and the accepted one was the alternative hypothesis for the reason that there was

an observed changed in temperature of the room ventilated with the PeTCAB

which makes it true and that the product really made the air cooler after some

investigations. The study presented that the air ventilated within the bottles on

the product or the air conditioning bottles became cooler or more comfortable. It

also states that the greater number of bottles inserted on the body of the product,

more air will also be conditioned or cooled which drops the temperature of a

specific area in a good amount, in addition, the user will get the benefits at the

same time, will not be sacrificial to the environment. Thus, the efficiency of the

product is well fitted even for those who cannot afford an electronic air cooling

system.

Recommendation

From the result of the research, it is recommended that in order to achieve

the full function of the air conditioning bottles, it should be placed on areas wherein

there are higher temperature in the area so more air will be ventilated and will

greatly lower the temperature.

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For the future proponents, researchers also recommend a much bigger board

or plywood so that more bottles can be put on the body of the product. With that, if

more bottles are present on the board, more air passages of air will it be. Also,

researchers recommend other shapes of the board, depending on the area where

people will put the PeTCAB or add some designs for the aesthetic style of the

product. If possible, fill up the remaining space of the board with plastic bottles

also, it can be the 1-liter bottles or even the small one can do.
 31

References

“PHL 1 of 5 countries that produce half of world's plastic waste — UN report”

Published June 5, 2018 12:39pm
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/healthandwellness/655744/phl-1-
of-5-countries-that-produce-half-of-world-s-plastic-waste-un-report/story/

“Global Warming: News, Facts, Causes & Effects”

https://www.livescience.com/topics/global-warming

“A CHANGING WORLD: PLASTIC BOTTLES”

https://purewater.eu/en/news/a-changing-world-plastic-bottles/

“Bangladeshi air cooler made from plastic bottles” https://inhabitat.com/this-

amazing-bangladeshi-air-cooler-is-made-from
plastic- bottles-and-uses-no-electricity/

“Factors Which Affect Lifespan of Plywood” On 21 Apr, 2015

http://theplywood.com/lifespan

“Lifespan of Plastic” http://www.goecopure.com/lifespan-of-plastic.aspx

“How Does Carbon Dioxide Affect the Environment?”

By Sheri Lamb; Updated April 23, 2018 https://sciencing.com/carbon-dioxide-
affect-environment-8583965.html

“What Is the Carbon Footprint of a Plastic Bottle?”

 32

By Marie-Luise Blue; Updated June 11, 2018 https://sciencing.com/carbon-

footprint-plastic-bottle-12307187.html

“A study on an eco-friendly and high performance Cooling System using

Evapo-transpiration” March 2014,Huynh Thi Minh Thu
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145773290.pdf

“Energy Efficiency Trends and Policies in the Household and Tertiary

Sectors An Analysis Based on the ODYSSEE and MURE Databases” June 2015
http://www.odyssee-mure.eu/publications/br/energy-efficiency-trends-policies-
buildings.pdf

“Summary for PolicyMakers”

http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf

“Adapting Ho Chi Minh City for Climate Change. Urban Compactness: a

Problem or Solution?” 44th ISOCARP Congress 2008
http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1329.pdf

“Heat Island Effect” September 27, 2018 https://www.epa.gov/heat-

islands

Mojtaba Valinejad Shoubi., Azin Shakiba Barough.; ‘Investigating the

Application of Plastic Bottle as a Sustainable Material in the Building
Construction’, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013 ISSN: 2278 – 7798.

Shilpi Saxena., Monika Singh.; ‘Eco-Architecture: PET Bottle Houses’,

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Volume No.2,
Issue No.12, pp: 1243-1246 1 Dec 2013, ISSN: 2277-1581.

Puttaraj Mallikarjun Hiremath., Shanmukha shetty.; ‘Utilization Of Waste

Plastic In Manufacturing Of Plastic-Soil Bricks’, International journal of
technology enhancements and emerging engineering research, volume 2, issue 4,
ISSN 2347-4289.
 33

Pratima Patel., Akash Shah.; ‘Sub stainable development using waste PET
bottles as construction element’ www.wastebottleconstruction.com

Arulmalar Ramaraj., Jothilakshmy Nagammal.; ‘30th INTERNATIONAL

PLEA CONFERENCE’ 16-18 December 2014, CEPT University, Ahmedabad

Vikram Pakrashi.; ‘Experimental Characterization of Polyethylene

Terephthalate 1 (PET) Bottle Eco-Bricks’

Andreas Froese (2001), ‘Plastic bottles in construction who is the founder

of ECO-TEC’, Available from: http://www.ecotecnologia.com.

Samarpan foundation, ‘House construction with plastic bottles, New

Delhi’, Available form: www.samarpanfoundation.org

How-To Make a Bottle Brick www.earthbench.org

Joule-Thomson Effect, Dr. John Weisend, September 26, 2011,

https://cryogenicsociety.org/resources/defining_cryogenics/joule-
thomson_effect/?fbclid=IwAR1D8caJ6lZQ2lHnExyR_FkrDv1YAU-
9wvO_UB5pl1AbnZ3y4tO2uzCe7oI
 34

APPENDIX A

Fig. 1 Cutting the Bottles

Fig. 2 Cutting the Excess Edge of Bottles

 35

Fig. 3 Flattening the Edge of Plastic Bottles

Fig. 4 Cutting the Cap of Plastic Bottles

 36

Fig. 5 Preparing the Plastic bottles

Fig. 7 Putting Hinge on the Plywood

 37

Fig. 8 Putting Plastic Bottles on Plywood

Fig. 9 Putting the Plastic Bottles on the Board

 38

Fig. 10 The Making of Miniature Houses

Fig. 11 Putting Bottles on the other Board

 39

Fig. 12 Making The Case of the PeTCAB

Fig. 13 Putting Wheels on the Case

 40

Fig. 14 Placing the Miniature Houses for The Investigation

Fig. 15 Miniature Room Investigation

 41

Fig. 16 & 17

Preparing for room investigation

 42

APPENDIX B

A. Percentage Between the Temperatures of Rooms

Value 1: Temperature of Room without the Ventilated PeTCAB

Value 2: Temperature of Room with the Ventilated PeTCAB

10:30am 11:30am 12:30pm

Value 1: 29°c Value 1: 32°c Value 1: 32°c

Value 2: 27°c Value 2: 29°c Value 2: 29°c
𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐
(𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100 (𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100 (𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝟗−𝟐𝟕 𝟑𝟐−𝟐𝟗 𝟑𝟐−𝟐𝟗
= (𝟐𝟗+𝟐𝟕) x 100 = (𝟑𝟐+𝟐𝟗) x 100 = (𝟑𝟐+𝟐𝟗) x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
= 𝟓𝟔 x 100 = 𝟔𝟏 x 100 = 𝟔𝟏 x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
= x 100 = x 100 = x 100
𝟐𝟖 𝟑𝟎.𝟓 𝟑𝟎.𝟓
=0.07142857 x 100 =0.09836066 x 100 =0.09836066 x 100
=7.142857% difference =9.836066 % difference =9.836066 % difference
1:30pm 2:30pm 3:30pm

Value 1: 33°c Value 1: 34°c Value 1: 33°c

Value 2:30°c Value 2: 31°c Value 2:31°c
𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐
(𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100 (𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100 (𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝟑−𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟒−𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟑−𝟑𝟏
= (𝟑𝟑+𝟑𝟎) x 100 = (𝟑𝟒+𝟑𝟏) x 100 = (𝟑𝟑+𝟑𝟏) x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
= 𝟔𝟑 x 100 = 𝟔𝟓 x 100 = 𝟔𝟒 x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
=𝟑𝟏.𝟓 x 100 =𝟑𝟐.𝟓 x 100 =𝟑𝟐 x 100
=0.0952381 x 100 =0.09230769 x 100 =0.0625 x 100
=9.52381% difference =9.230769% difference =6.25% difference

4:30pm

Value 1: 33°c
Value 2:31°c
 43

𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐
(𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100
𝟐
𝟑𝟑−𝟑𝟏
= (𝟑𝟑+𝟑𝟏) x 100
𝟐
𝟐
= 𝟔𝟒 x 100
𝟐
𝟐
=𝟑𝟐 x 100
=0.0625 x 100
=6.25% difference

B. Percentage Between the Temperatures of Miniature Rooms

Value 1: Temperature of Miniature Room without the Ventilated PeTCAB

Value 2: Temperature of Miniature Room with the Ventilated PeTCAB

10:30am 11:30am 12:30pm

Value 1: 30°c Value 1: 32°c Value 1: 32°c

Value 2: 29°c Value 2: 30°c Value 2: 30°c
𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐
(𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100 (𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100 (𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝟎−𝟐𝟗 𝟑𝟐−𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟐−𝟑𝟎
= (𝟑𝟎+𝟐𝟗) x 100 = (𝟑𝟐+𝟑𝟎) x 100 = (𝟑𝟐+𝟑𝟎) x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟓𝟗 x 100 = 𝟔𝟐 x 100 = 𝟔𝟐 x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
=𝟐𝟗.𝟓 x 100 =𝟑𝟏 x 100 =𝟑𝟏 x 100
=0.033898305x 100 =0.064516129x 100 =0.064516129x 100
=3.3898305% difference =6.4516129% difference =6.4516129% difference
1:30pm 2:30pm 3:30pm

Value 1: 33°c Value 1: 34°c Value 1: 33°c

Value 2: 32°c Value 2: 32°c Value 2: 32°c
𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐
(𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100 (𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100 (𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝟑−𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟒−𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟑−𝟑𝟐
= (𝟑𝟑+𝟑𝟐) x 100 = (𝟑𝟒+𝟑𝟐) x 100 = (𝟑𝟑+𝟑𝟐) x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
= 𝟔𝟓 x 100 = 𝟔𝟔 x 100 = 𝟔𝟓 x 100
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
=𝟑𝟑 x 100
 44

𝟏 =0.06060606 x 100 𝟏
=𝟑𝟐.𝟓 x 100 =𝟑𝟐.𝟓 x 100
=6.060606% difference
=0.03076923x 100 =0.03076923x 100
=3.076923% difference =3.076923% difference

4:30pm

Value 1: 33°c
Value 2: 31°c
𝑽𝟏−𝑽𝟐
(𝑽𝟏+𝑽𝟐) x 100
𝟐
𝟑𝟑−𝟑𝟏
= (𝟑𝟑+𝟑𝟏) x 100
𝟐
𝟐
= 𝟔𝟒 x 100
𝟐
𝟐
=𝟑𝟐 x 100
=0.0625x 100
=6.25% difference
 45

APPENDIX C

Material Materials:

• 1.5 L Plastic bottles 50 pcs.

• 22.5’’ x 43.75’’ Plywood

• 28.5’’ x 33’’ and 17.5’’ x 33’’ Plywood

• Big Hinge 2 pcs.

• Small Hinge 2 pcs.

• Pencil

• Tape measure

• Philip screw

• Philip screwdriver

• Rip Saw

• Claw hammer

• Flat iron

• Cutter

• Scissors

• White wood paint

 46

• Green wood paint

• Electric drill

• Paint brush

• 3 pcs. Hook

• 1 pc. of lock

• Wheels 4 pcs.

• Room thermometer

• 1’’ and 2’’ Nails

• Stick glues 5 pcs.

• Glue gun

• Packaging tape

• Cartons 4 pcs.
 47

Bibliography

“PHL 1 of 5 countries that produce half of world's plastic waste — UN report”

Published June 5, 2018 12:39pm
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/healthandwellness/655744/phl-1-
of-5-countries-that-produce-half-of-world-s-plastic-waste-un-report/story/

“Global Warming: News, Facts, Causes & Effects”

https://www.livescience.com/topics/global-warming

“A CHANGING WORLD: PLASTIC BOTTLES”

https://purewater.eu/en/news/a-changing-world-plastic-bottles/

“Bangladeshi air cooler made from plastic bottles” https://inhabitat.com/this-

amazing-bangladeshi-air-cooler-is-made-from
plastic- bottles-and-uses-no-electricity/

“Factors Which Affect Lifespan of Plywood” On 21 Apr, 2015

http://theplywood.com/lifespan

“Lifespan of Plastic” http://www.goecopure.com/lifespan-of-plastic.aspx

“How Does Carbon Dioxide Affect the Environment?”

By Sheri Lamb; Updated April 23, 2018 https://sciencing.com/carbon-dioxide-
affect-environment-8583965.html

“What Is the Carbon Footprint of a Plastic Bottle?”

By Marie-Luise Blue; Updated June 11, 2018 https://sciencing.com/carbon-
footprint-plastic-bottle-12307187.html
 48

“A study on an eco-friendly and high performance Cooling System using

Evapo-transpiration” March 2014,Huynh Thi Minh Thu
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145773290.pdf

“Energy Efficiency Trends and Policies in the Household and Tertiary

Sectors An Analysis Based on the ODYSSEE and MURE Databases” June 2015
http://www.odyssee-mure.eu/publications/br/energy-efficiency-trends-policies-
buildings.pdf

“Summary for PolicyMakers”

http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf

“Adapting Ho Chi Minh City for Climate Change. Urban Compactness: a

Problem or Solution?” 44th ISOCARP Congress 2008
http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1329.pdf

“Heat Island Effect” September 27, 2018 https://www.epa.gov/heat-

islands

Mojtaba Valinejad Shoubi., Azin Shakiba Barough.; ‘Investigating the

Application of Plastic Bottle as a Sustainable Material in the Building
Construction’, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013 ISSN: 2278 – 7798.

Shilpi Saxena., Monika Singh.; ‘Eco-Architecture: PET Bottle Houses’,

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Volume No.2,
Issue No.12, pp: 1243-1246 1 Dec 2013, ISSN: 2277-1581.

Puttaraj Mallikarjun Hiremath., Shanmukha shetty.; ‘Utilization Of Waste

Plastic In Manufacturing Of Plastic-Soil Bricks’, International journal of
technology enhancements and emerging engineering research, volume 2, issue 4,
ISSN 2347-4289.
 49

Pratima Patel., Akash Shah.; ‘Sub stainable development using waste PET
bottles as construction element’ www.wastebottleconstruction.com

Arulmalar Ramaraj., Jothilakshmy Nagammal.; ‘30th INTERNATIONAL

PLEA CONFERENCE’ 16-18 December 2014, CEPT University, Ahmedabad

Vikram Pakrashi.; ‘Experimental Characterization of Polyethylene

Terephthalate 1 (PET) Bottle Eco-Bricks’

Andreas Froese (2001), ‘Plastic bottles in construction who is the founder

of ECO-TEC’, Available from: http://www.ecotecnologia.com.

Samarpan foundation, ‘House construction with plastic bottles, New

Delhi’, Available form: www.samarpanfoundation.org

How-To Make a Bottle Brick www.earthbench.org

Joule-Thomson Effect, Dr. John Weisend, September 26, 2011,

https://cryogenicsociety.org/resources/defining_cryogenics/joule-
thomson_effect/?fbclid=IwAR1D8caJ6lZQ2lHnExyR_FkrDv1YAU-
9wvO_UB5pl1AbnZ3y4tO2uzCe7oI
 50

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On behalf of accomplishing this research by our researchers, great amount

of efforts had been done by doing this study with full support of those who are

concerned about us and our work. This time, it is now our turn to give back our

appreciation and gratitude to those people who helped us to achieve this success in

our research. With boundless love and appreciation, we would like to extend our

heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to the people who helped us bring this study

into reality.

First of all, we would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our

responsible principal of our school who gave support on doing this kind of project.

Also a big thanks to our very hardworking teacher and adviser of this research

which is Ms. Sarah G. Candelaria who gave us the golden opportunity to do this

wonderful project on the topic PeTCAB which also helped us in doing a lot of

research and we came to know so many new things and for helping us to finish this

study and led us to the right way of direction on doing our work, for supporting us,

giving us the best instructions and suggestions on what will be our next move, she

is also the major contributor of the completion of this project. Then our parents and

friends who also gave us the full support and helped us a lot in finalizing this project

within the limited time frame. That’s the reason why we continued this study and

reached our goal in the end, with all their heart and effort to help us finish this

research we would like to give them our deepest appreciation. And of course to our

school facilitator who helped us in doing our project.

 51

Lastly, we would like to thank God who is the key for this progress and

accomplishment and making the success of our project possible and for everyday

guiding us.

-The researchers
 52

CERTIFICATION AS A GROUP PROJECT

This is to certify that Christel A. Portin, Mark Timothy M. Lopez

and Dale Lawrence B. Galiste, bonafide students of Sto. Cristo

Integrated School, are qualified to conduct the research entitled

“PeTCAB: Polyethyelene Terephthalate Conditioning Air Bottles”

Signed this 1st day of October, 2018 at Sto. Cristo Integrated

School, Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City

SARAH G. CANDELARIA
Research Adviser

CHRISTOPHER D. ESTEBAN, Ph.D.

Principal I
 53

CERTIFICATION AS AN OFFICIAL
PROJECT ADVISER
This is to certify Ms. Sarah G. Candelaria, a Science Teacher

at Sto. Cristo Integrated School is given the authority to be an official

Research Adviser and given a designation as Science Investigatory

Project Coordinator.

Signed this 1st day of October, 2018 at Sto. Cristo Integrated

School, Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City

CHRISTOPHER D. ESTEBAN, Ph.D.

Principal I