Factor Theorem

Example: Factorize 2 x3  5 x 2  x  6 Geometric Progression

f (1)  2(1)3  5(1)2  (1)  6  0 ; since it is equal to zero then x-1 is a factor an  am r n  m (use Calculator)
a1 (r n  1) a (1  r n )
Remainder Theorem Sum of Finite terms: S  , r  1 and S  1 ,r 1
r 1 1 r
Example: Find the remainder when x 4  10 x 2  9 x  20 is divided by x-4. a
The remainder is f (4)  44  10(42 )  9(4)  20  40 Sum of Infinite terms: Sinf inite  1
1 r

Binomial Theorem Harmonic Progression

n! The reciprocals form an arithmetic series
rth term of (a  b) n is r th _ term  a n r 1b r 1
(n  r  1)!(r  1)! 1 1 1
Example: The series 6,3,2 is , , where the common difference is
1
Note: for ( x  y ) , the third term has the term y 2
3 6 3 2 6

(coeff _ previous)(exp onent _ x) Work Problem

The Coefficient is C 
(exp onent _ y )  1 Clock Problem

Sum of Coefficient of Variables Mixture Problem

Example: Find the sum of coefficients of (2 x  3 y  z )8
Sum = [2(1)  3(1)  1]8  48 Motion Problem

Quadratic Formula Permutation

Given Ax 2  Bx  C  0 then
Combination
 B  B 2  4 AC
Roots are x 
2A Probability
B
Sum of roots x1  x2   Oblique Triangles
A
a b c
Product of roots x1 x2 
C Sine Law:  
A sin A sin B sin C
Cosine Law: a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A and so on
Arithmetic Progression
an  am  (n  m)d (use Calculator) Units of Angle

n 90  rad  100 grads  1600mils
S   2a1  (n  1)d  2
2
Area of a Triangle
 1 1
A  bh  ab sin  Regular Polygons
2 2
abc 360
By Heron’s Formula, A  s(s  a)( s  b)(s  c) where s  
2 n
n n
A  R 2 sin   ( xr )
Area of a Spherical Triangle 2 2
 R2 E n2
A Interior Angle,   x180
180 n
E s sa s b s c 360
Where E  A  B  C  180 or tan  tan tan tan tan Exterior Angle,    
4 2 2 2 2 n
abc
And s  Theorems to Remember: pp. 87-100
2

Right Spherical Triangle Truncated Prism

Area of the Right Section, AR
General Quadrilateral n is the number of sides
1
A  d1d 2 sin  Volume  AR
 h  A h1  h2   hn
R
2 n n
By Heron’s Formula, A  (s  a)(s  b)(s  c)(s  d )  abcd cos 2 
Pyramid
abcd A  C B  D
Where s  and   or   Area, Volume 
1
Ab h
2 2 2 3

Cyclic Quadrilateral h
A  C  180 and B  D  180 Frustum of Pyramid, Volume  ( A1  A2  A1 A2 )
3
A  ( s  a)( s  b)( s  c)( s  d ) h
Frustum of a Cone, Volume  ( A1  A2  A1 A2 )
abcd 3
s
2
d1d 2  ac  bd
Right Circular Cone
Polygons Slant height, L  r 2  h2
Sum of Interior Angles,  (n  2) x180 1
Volume, Volume  Ab h
Sum of Exterior Angles,    360 3
Lateral area (exclusive of the area of the base), AL   rL
n
Number of Diagonals, D  (n  3)
2
Frustum of a Right Circular Cone Standard Equations of Lines
Slant height, L  ( R  r )2  h2 y  y1  m( x  x1 )
h 2 2 y  mx  b
Volume, V  ( R  r  Rr )
3
Angle between Two Lines (start counting counter clockwise)
Lateral area (exclusive of the area of the bases), AL   ( R  r ) L
m  m1
tan   2
1  m2 m1
Sphere
4
Volume, V   r 3 Distance from a Point to a Line
3
Ax  By1  C
Surface Area, As  4 r 2 d 1 (whichever makes it positive)
 A2  B 2
Spherical Segment of One Base
Distance between Two Parallel Lines
Azone  2 rh
C2  C1
 h2 d
V (3r  h) A2  B 2
3

Spherical Cone or Spherical Sector Division of a Line Segment

1
V  Azone r Area by Coordinates
3
Conic Sections
Spherical Lune and Wedge
 r 2
Alune 
90
 r 3
Vwedge 
270

Solids of Revolution
First Proposition of Pappus
Second Proposition of Pappus

Similar Solids

Distance between Two Points, d  ( x2  x1 ) 2  ( y2  y1 ) 2