Project Quality Management
CONTENT
Definition of Quality
Project Quality Management
Project Quality Management Processes
Quality Planning
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Summary
Definition of Quality
What is quality?
"Quality is fitness for use" - J.M. Juran
"[Quality is] meeting or exceeding customer
expectations at a cost that represents a value to
them." - H. James Harrington
"Quality should be defined as surpassing customer
needs and expectations throughout the life of the
product." - Howard Gitlow and Shelley Gitlow
In other words, quality is…
To make sure whatever is delivered is within
the expectations of the organisation or
customer.
Project Quality Management
Project Quality Management is …
managing all the activities of the performing
organization that determines quality policies,
objectives and responsibilities, so that the
project will satisfy the needs for which it was
undertaken.
Project Quality Management
implements the quality management system
through the policy, procedures and processes of:
i. Quality Planning
ii. Quality Assurance
iii. Quality Control
iv. Continuous process improvement
(when appropriate)
Is quality management system different from project
quality management?
Modern Quality Management Systems complements
project quality management in 4 main areas :-
a) Customer satisfaction
b) Prevention over inspection
c) Management responsibility
d) Continuous Improvement
Quality and Grade
Quality is not Grade.
Grade is category of a product or
services with the same functional use
but different technical characteristics.
Low product quality is a problem, low
product grade is not.
Project Quality Management
Processes
Quality Planning
Quality
Assurance
Quality Control
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Planning EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Definition:
Identifying quality standards relevant to the
project and determining how to satisfy them.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Planning EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Inputs required for quality planning:
•Governmental laws and regulations, i.e. local authority,
environmental regulation, wildlife protection, social
impact.
•Quality policy, e.g. ISO 9001 and EMS 14001.
•Project scope statement, i.e. project brief, stakeholder’s
needs, wants and expectations.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Planning EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
Tools and techniques: CLOSING
i. Cost-Benefit Analysis for meeting quality
requirements:
Benefit -> less rework = higher productivity, lower overall
cost, increased stakeholder satisfaction.
Cost -> the higher expense associated with implementing
quality management activities.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Planning EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Tools and techniques:
ii. Benchmarking by comparing project practices to
other projects to generate ideas for
improvement and measure performance.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Planning EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
Output acquired from quality planning: CLOSING
i. Quality Management Plan
- describes how the project management team will
implement the quality policy.
ii. Quality Metrics
- describes an activity in specific terms and how the
quality control process measures it in actual value,
i.e. failure rate, reliability, test coverage.
cont…
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Planning EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
iii. Process Improvement Plan
- details out the steps for analysing processes
that will facilitate the identification of waste
and non-value added activity.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Assurance EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Definition:
Applying the planned, systematic quality activities
to ensure that the project employs all processes
needed to meet requirements.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Assurance EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Inputs required:
1. Quality Management Plan (from Quality Planning
process).
2. Quality Metrics (from Quality Planning process).
3. Process Improvement Plan (from Quality Planning
process).
4. Work Performance Information, i.e. technical
performance measures, project deliverables status,
required corrective action and performance report.
5. Feedback from Quality Control activities.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Assurance EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Tools and techniques used:
i. Quality audits
• a structured, independent review to determine whether project
activities comply with project policies, processes and
procedures.
• confirms the implementation of approved change request,
corrective actions, defects repairs and preventive actions.
Cont…
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Assurance EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
ii. Process analysis
identifies needed improvements using root cause
analysis techniques to analyze a problem, its causes
and create preventive actions.
iii. Quality Planning tools and techniques, i.e. cost-benefit
analysis, benchmarking.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Assurance EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
Outputs acquired: CLOSING
1. Requested changes for quality improvements to
increase effectiveness and efficiency of policies,
processes and procedures.
2. Recommend corrective action to effectiveness and
efficiency after conducting quality assurance activities.
3. Updates to the project management plan.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Control EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Definition:
Monitoring specific project results to determine
whether they comply with relevant quality
standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes
of unsatisfactory performance.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Control EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Input needed to perform quality control:
1. Quality Management Plan
2. Quality Metrics
3. Work performance information
4. Quality system (e.g. ISO 9001 & EMS 14001)
5. Deliverables or end-products
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Control EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Tools and techniques to be used:
Technical Instruction
Cause and Effect Diagram (Ishikawa/fishbone diagram)
Control charts
Flowcharting
Pareto chart
Physical Inspection – to examine a product to ensure
whether it conforms to standards
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Control EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
• illustrates how various factors might be linked to
potential problems or effects.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Control EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
• To determine if a process is stable or has predictable
performance.
• To assess whether implemented process changes resulted in
the desired improvements.
INITIATION
Quality Control PLANNING
EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
• Is a graphical representation of a process showing activities, decision
points and sequences.
• Shows how various elements of a system interrelates.
• Helps anticipate what and where quality problems might occur.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Control EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
A histogram ordered by
frequency of defects occurring by
type or category of identified
causes.
Problems that are causing
greatest defects are tackled first.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Control EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Outputs from the quality control process:
i. Results/measurements from Quality Control
activities.
ii. Recommended corrective actions.
iii. Recommended preventive actions.
iv. Request for changes.
v. Updates to Project Management Plan.
vi. Lessons learned documentation.
INITIATION
PLANNING
Quality Control EXECUTION
MONITORING & CONTROL
CLOSING
Quality System
In JKR, there are quality system that need to be
included in Project Quality Management processes:
a. JKR SPK (Quality Management System)
b. JKR EMS (Environmental Management System)
c. OSHAS (Occupational Safety and Health
Assessment Series)
Summary
Project quality management must address management
of the project and the final product or deliverable of the
project..
A critical element of project quality management is to
turn stakeholder needs, wants and expectation into
requirements.
Project quality management does not conflict with
modern quality management concepts.
