[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
185 views33 pages

Unit - 1 IBM Artificial Intelligence

This document provides an introduction to artificial intelligence (AI). It discusses the history and development of AI, including important contributors. It defines strong AI and weak AI and describes how machine learning, deep learning, and technological advances have impacted the emergence of AI. The document also outlines various applications of AI in fields like healthcare, manufacturing, education, business, finance, society, and law. Finally, it examines the relationship between cognitive science and AI and defines cognition and the multidisciplinary nature of cognitive science.

Uploaded by

Duccerino Lamo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
185 views33 pages

Unit - 1 IBM Artificial Intelligence

This document provides an introduction to artificial intelligence (AI). It discusses the history and development of AI, including important contributors. It defines strong AI and weak AI and describes how machine learning, deep learning, and technological advances have impacted the emergence of AI. The document also outlines various applications of AI in fields like healthcare, manufacturing, education, business, finance, society, and law. Finally, it examines the relationship between cognitive science and AI and defines cognition and the multidisciplinary nature of cognitive science.

Uploaded by

Duccerino Lamo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)

Welcome to:
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

9.1
Unit objectives IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

After completing this unit, you should be able to:

• Understand the importance of Artificial Intelligence

• Gain knowledge on the basics of Artificial Intelligence

• Learn about the relationship between cognitive science and Artificial Intelligence

• Understand the role of Artificial Intelligence in solving societal problems


History of artificial intelligence IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
The birth of artificial intelligence IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

The IBM 702: a computer used by the first generation of AI researchers.


Source: A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems from the BRL at Aberdeen Proving Ground
History of AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• 1943: McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain


• 1950: Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"
• 1956: Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence" adopted
• 1952-69: Look, Ma, no hands!
• 1950s: Early AI programs, including Samuel's checkers program, Newell & Simon's Logic
Theorist, Gelernter's Geometry Engine

• 1965: Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning


• 1966-73: AI discovers computational complexity, Neural network research almost disappears
• 1969-79: Early development of knowledge-based systems
• 1980: AI becomes an industry
• 1986: Neural networks return to popularity
• 1987: AI becomes a science
• 1995: The emergence of intelligent agents
AI winters IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

Garry Kasparov & IBM’s Deep Blue


Todays’ AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
Historical milestones in the
development of AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

Development of Artificial Intelligence (Courtesy: Digital Intelligence Today)


Great contributors IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
People who have influenced AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
Differences between strong AI and
weak AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Strong AI
– Claims that computers can be made to think on a level (at least) equal to humans and possibly even
be conscious of themselves

• Weak AI
– States that some “thinking-like” features can be added to computers to make them more useful tools
Artificial Intelligence definitions IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Systems that think like humans

• Systems that act like humans

• Systems that think rationally

• Systems that act rationally


Emergence of AI – Technological
advances IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
Machine learning Deep learning AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
Functions of AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Industrial Automation

• Machine Learning

• Deep Learning

• Machine Vision

• Natural Language Processing


Characteristics of artificial intelligence IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• AI automates repetitive learning and discovery through data

• AI adds intelligence

• AI adapts through progressive learning algorithms

• AI analyzes more and deeper data

• AI achieves incredible accuracy

• AI gets the most out of data


Applications of AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Healthcare

• Manufacturing

• Education

• Business

• Finance

• Society

• Law
AI in health care IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
Industry 4.0 IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
AI in manufacturing IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
AI in education sector IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

The Automation of Administrative Tasks The Addition of Smart Content

Smart Tutors and Personalization Virtual Lecturers and Learning Environment

Connecting the World of Academia


AI in business IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

Banking and Finance – fraud detection

Retail – online customer support

Security

Product recommendations and


purchase predictions

Predictive customer service


AI in finance sector IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Risk Assessment

• Fraud Detection and Management

• Financial Advisory Services

• Trading

• Managing Finance
AI in law IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

Face Recognition, Fraud identification, Fake news identification, Weaponization, Fire-fighting,


Crowd Management etc.
AI in society IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Increase in productivity

• Increase in quality of life

• More efficient inter-human transactions by fixing trust deficit

• Removal of the need to do menial ,stressful or repetitive jobs.

• Better public-policy implementation, civil administration, democracy.


– Using AI to run societies and countries would bring in significant transparency in administration ; and
therefore expose the prevalent hypocrisy of governments and politicians
• Reduction in crime, more social conformity

• Better international integration


– AI agents can impart language skills on demand, translate on demand ,enable familiarity with other
cultures by showcasing experiences
Cognitive science and AI IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• The (interdisciplinary) study of mind and • The study of mind and intelligence
intelligence.

• The study of cognitive processes involved in


the acquisition, representation and use of
human knowledge.

• The scientific study of the mind, the brain,


and intelligent behavior, whether in humans,
animals, machines or the abstract.

• A discipline in the process of construction.


Cognition and process of cognition IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Cognition: from Latin base cognitio “know together”

• The collection of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, learning, thinking,
understanding and remembering.

• Cognition Process steps are enumerated below.


Disciplines in cognitive science IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Philosophy

• Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence

• Psychology – Cognitive Psychology

• Linguistics

• Neuroscience

• Anthropology, Psychiatry, Biology, Education, ...


Multidisciplinary subject IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Computer science and cognitive psychology have been dominant.

• Neuroscience had a big impact on the growth.

• Still, only 30-50% of the work are multidisciplinary

• Nature of multidisciplinary collaborations differ

• (Von Eckardt, 2001)


– Localist view: A field is multidisciplinary if each individual research in it is multidisciplinary.

– Holist view: A field is multidisciplinary if multiple disciplines contribute to its research program (a set of
goals directed at the main goal).
Linguistics IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Major Components of Analysis


– Phonology
– Morphology
– Syntax
– Semantics
– Discourse and pragmatics
Artificial intelligence as
cognitive science IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Study of intelligent behavior

• Automation of intelligent behavior

• Machines acting and reacting adaptively

• How to make computers do things which humans do better

• Study and construction of rational (goal and belief-directed) agents


Methods in cognitive science IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems

• Building theories vs. acquiring data

• Philosophical background: Setting up the domain of discourse / Logical argumentation

• Formalization and mathematical modeling

• Computational modeling

• Hypothesis formation
Watson IBM ICE (Innovation Centre for Education)
IBM Power Systems
• IBM’s Artificial Intelligence computer system
• Capable of answering questions in natural language
• Competed against champions on Jeopardy and won

Figure: High-Level Architecture used in Watson


Source: DeepQA.svg

You might also like