The document discusses the basics of software engineering including the introduction, learning outcomes, definitions of key terms like program and software, characteristics and importance of software, types of software applications, nature and origin of software engineering, and the software crisis.
The document discusses the basics of software engineering including the introduction, learning outcomes, definitions of key terms like program and software, characteristics and importance of software, types of software applications, nature and origin of software engineering, and the software crisis.
The document discusses the basics of software engineering including the introduction, learning outcomes, definitions of key terms like program and software, characteristics and importance of software, types of software applications, nature and origin of software engineering, and the software crisis.
The document discusses the basics of software engineering including the introduction, learning outcomes, definitions of key terms like program and software, characteristics and importance of software, types of software applications, nature and origin of software engineering, and the software crisis.
Learning Outcomes After studying this course, you will be able to. • CO-1. Explain the basics of SE and ethical and professional issues of software engineers [L-1] • CO-2. Discuss the phases and activities of SDLC and compare different models including waterfall, incremental, prototyping, and spiral. [L-2] • CO-3. Prepare designs using data flow diagrams and unified modeling language tools for function and object-oriented approaches [L-3]
• CO-4. Develop test cases, perform testing, and analyze activities in the maintenance of software [L-4] • CO-5. Design software project plans, size, and cost metrics, and assess risks in the software development. [L-5]
• A program is a set of instructions written in a programming language used
to execute a specific task or function. • Software is a collection of several programs and other procedures and documentation. • A program consists of a set of instructions that are coded in a programming language like c, C++, PHP, Java, etc. • Software consists of bundles of programs and data files. Programs in specific software use these data files to perform dedicated types of tasks.
Program versus Software • Program has limited functionality and fewer features. • Software has lots of functionality and features such as GUI, input/output data, process, etc. • A program may not be software but software can be a program.
6 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Program versus Software • Software takes relatively more time to build/make when compared to a program. • Program development approach may be un- procedural, unorganized, and unplanned. • Software development approach is systematic, organized, and very well planned.
7 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Program versus Software • The size of a program may range from kilobytes (KB) to megabytes (MB). • The size of software may range from megabytes (MB) to gigabytes (GB) or more. • Program may have patchy documentation mostly technical. • Software has Comprehensive documentation including user manuals.
8 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Software Product When software is developed for a specific requirement then it is known as a software product. There are two types.
Generic products: Software sold in the open market is a
generic product. E.g., packages for preparing drawings, typesetting, accounting, hospital management-related tools, etc.
9 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Software Product Customized products: Software developed for a specific customer is custom-made or bespoke software. E.g., airline traffic control, the control system in customer.
Software Products are produced using Software
Engineering!
10 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Characteristics of Software • Maintainability: We should be able to do changes in the software based on business needs.
• Dependability: Software should be reliable and should not
cause damage or financial loss during failure.
• Security: Unauthorized or unknown persons should not be
allowed to use the software as they can create harm to the system. 11 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Characteristics of Software • Efficiency: Software should be quick, consume less memory, and should not waste computer resources.
• Acceptability: All types of users must be able to use the
software. It should be easy to understand, use and install on different systems.
12 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Importance of Software The modern world is unimaginable without software. Software has its presence across various industries. Software is useful in manufacturing, utilities, distribution, financial, education, and entertainment among numerous sectors.
13 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Types of Software System Software: Operating System, Text Editors, Compilers Programming Software: Tools for writing computer programs, such as Java, Python, C, C++, etc. Application Software: Software for a particular task such as accounting, data processing, games, etc.
14 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Types of Software Scientific / Engineering Software Embedded Software Application Software Web application Artificial intelligence software
15 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Software Applications Software is in our daily life! GPS What's app Instagram Traffic lights, fire alarms, printing Home and Office automation Security Systems 16 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Nature of Software Software systems lack physical constraints. Software can be extremely complex to create, difficult to understand, and expensive to change. Software development is still a complex and challenging task.
17 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Nature of Software • Software applications are getting larger, and more complex, and the demands change. • Systems must be built and delivered more quickly. • In many places ad-hoc approach to software development is widespread. • Therefore, software tends to be unreliable, and expensive to maintain and use. 18 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Necessity of Engineering • Engineering approach to develop and manage software is required. • This entails education and training in software engineering methods. • Thanks to software engineering achievements like space travel and the Internet, e-Commerce, banking, and other services we take for granted today are possible. 19 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Origin of Software Engineering [1/2] • Term ‘software engineering’ was first proposed in 1968 at a NATO conference held to discuss what was then called the software crisis. • It became clear that individual approaches to program development did not scale up to large and complex software systems.
20 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Origin of Software Engineering [2/2] • Software was unreliable, cost more than expected, and was delivered late. • Software engineering techniques and methods were developed, such as structured programming, information hiding, and object-oriented development. • Tools and standard notations were developed and are now extensively used.
21 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Software Crisis • Software products are difficult to alter, debug, and enhance; use resources non-optimally; often fail to meet the user requirements; are far from being reliable; frequently crash, and are often delivered late. • Many factors such as larger problem sizes, lack of adequate training in software engineering, increasing skill shortage, and low productivity improvements have created a software crisis. • Ineffective development of the product and inefficient resource usage, lead to more cost and time.
22 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Software Crisis • The satisfactory solution to the present software crisis can come from a spread of software engineering practices among the engineers with advancements to the software engineering discipline itself. • A good software can be developed with the use of systematic software engineering.
23 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Software Engineering A detailed study of engineering to the design, development, and maintenance of software is known as Software Engineering.
24 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Definition Software Engineering is a branch of engineering related to: • Collecting customers’ requirements • Preparing the design • Writing programs or code • Testing • Maintenance
25 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 SE Applications Type of Application Description
Stand-alone Application systems running on local computers, such as a PC.
applications Interactive These are applications executed on remote computers and accessed by users from transaction-based their PCs or terminals. e-business systems, cloud-based services, mail, and photo applications sharing. Interactive applications using a large data store that is accessed and updated in each transaction
Embedded control Software systems for controlling and managing hardware devices. Software in the systems microwave, washing machine, cell phone, etc. Batch processing Software systems designed to process data in large batches. Banking transactions systems where many individual inputs are processed to generate outputs
26 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 SE Applications Type of Application Description
Batch processing Software systems designed to process data in large batches. Banking transactions where systems many individual inputs are processed to generate outputs
Entertainment SE systems are used in personal works and entertainment.
systems Systems for modeling SE is used in developing computation-intense, parallel complex software used by and simulation scientists and engineers, etc.
Data collection Systems are used to collect data from the environment for processing. systems Systems of systems Systems that are composed of several other software systems. For example, MS Office 365 includes the word, spreadsheets, ppts, etc.
27 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Software Development Life Cycle The major software development activities include gathering requirements, software design, and implementation, code testing, documentation, and maintenance. There are various ways in which the above activities can be done to achieve the final software. These are known as software development models.
28 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 References Pressman, Roger S., “Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach Ed. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2001, 2004. Jalote, Pankaj, “Software Engineering Ed.2”, New Delhi: Narosa 2002. Sommerville, Ian, “Software Engineering”, AWL, 2000 Fairly, “Software Engineering”, New Delhi: TMH. 29 SUB: BCA-401 UNIT 1 Review Questions Define software engineering and explain its need. What are the types of software? List a few applications of software. What is a software development life cycle? Identify the necessary characteristics of software.
Investigation of The Structural Strength of An Existing TwoStorey MultiPurpose Barangay Hall Due To An Additional 3rd Storey Without Using An As Built Plan
Investigation of The Structural Strength of An Existing TwoStorey MultiPurpose Barangay Hall Due To An Additional 3rd Storey Without Using An As Built Plan
