1. Geopolitics studies the effects of geography on politics and international relations, examining relationships between countries and sub-national entities.
2. It analyzes foreign policy by considering geographical variables like terrain, resources, and climate to understand political behavior.
3. The Heartland Theory proposes that whoever controls the Eurasian landmass has global influence due to its size and wealth. The Rimland Theory argues the densely populated coastal regions surrounding Eurasia are more strategically important than the central Heartland.
1. Geopolitics studies the effects of geography on politics and international relations, examining relationships between countries and sub-national entities.
2. It analyzes foreign policy by considering geographical variables like terrain, resources, and climate to understand political behavior.
3. The Heartland Theory proposes that whoever controls the Eurasian landmass has global influence due to its size and wealth. The Rimland Theory argues the densely populated coastal regions surrounding Eurasia are more strategically important than the central Heartland.
1. Geopolitics studies the effects of geography on politics and international relations, examining relationships between countries and sub-national entities.
2. It analyzes foreign policy by considering geographical variables like terrain, resources, and climate to understand political behavior.
3. The Heartland Theory proposes that whoever controls the Eurasian landmass has global influence due to its size and wealth. The Rimland Theory argues the densely populated coastal regions surrounding Eurasia are more strategically important than the central Heartland.
1. Geopolitics studies the effects of geography on politics and international relations, examining relationships between countries and sub-national entities.
2. It analyzes foreign policy by considering geographical variables like terrain, resources, and climate to understand political behavior.
3. The Heartland Theory proposes that whoever controls the Eurasian landmass has global influence due to its size and wealth. The Rimland Theory argues the densely populated coastal regions surrounding Eurasia are more strategically important than the central Heartland.
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Theroies of Geo Politics
What is geo politcs?
Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth's geography on politics and international relations.While geopolitics usually refers to countries and relations between them, it may also focus on two other kinds of states: independent states with limited international recognition and; relations between sub-national geopolitical entities, such as the federated states that make up a federation, confederation or a quasi-federal system.
At the level of international relations, geopolitics is a method of studying foreign policy to
understand, explain and predict international political behavior through geographical variables. These include area studies, climate, topography, demography, natural resources, and applied science of the region being evaluate.
Theories of geo politics.
1.Heart Land. The Heartland theory is a geopolitical concept which analyzes the political and economic success of the world’s regions by geography. The theory was hypothesized by 20th-century British geopolitical scholar, Halford Mackinder in his paper to the Royal Geographical Association entitled, “The Geographical Pivot of History” in 1904. According to the theory, the core of global influence lies in what is known as the Heartland, a region of the world situated in Eurasia due to its sheer size, a wealth of resources, and a high population. Mackinder stated that the nation in control of the Heartland had the potential to “command the world” but also highlighted the great natural barriers which surrounded the Heartland. The theory had great political ramifications, and some historians believe that the theory was the inspiration behind Germany’s invasion of Russia during the Second World War. Halford Mackinder Halford Mackinder was a 20th-century geopolitical scholar who is attributed for writing the Heartland Theory. Halford Mackinder was born on February 15th, 1861 in Gainsborough, England and received his education at the Epsom College and later at Christ Church in Oxford, where he received his biology degree in 1883. Mackinder had a liking for Geography and was a proponent of having physical geography and human geography taught as one subject. Mackinder was a founding member of the Geographical Association and served as the association’s chairperson between 1913 and 1946. In 1904, Halford Mackinder presented a paper to the Royal Geographical Society which was titled “The Geographical Pivot of History” and in it he introduced the Heartland Theory and explained it in depth. Mackinder died on March 6th, 1947, aged 86 years. The scholar left a lasting legacy as he introduced geopolitics to the world and is commonly labeled as the “father of geopolitics.” 2.Rimland Theory The Rimland is a concept championed by Nicholas John Spykman, professor of international the densely populated western, southern, and eastern edges of the Eurasian continent relations at Yale University. To him geopolitics is the planning of the security policy of a country in terms of its geographical factors. He described the maritime fringe of a country or continent; in particular. He criticized Mackinder for overrating the Heartland as being of immense strategic importance due to its vast size, central geographical location and supremacy of land power rather than sea power. He assumed that the Heartland will not be a potential hub of Europe, becauseory:
1. Western Russia was then an agrarian society
2. Bases of industrialization were found to the west of the Ural mountains. 3. This area is ringed to the north, east, south, and south-west by some of the greater obstacles to transportation (ice and freezing temperature, lowering mountains etc.). 4. There has never really been a simple land power–sea power opposition. Spykman thought that the Rimland, the strip of coastal land that encircles Eurasia, is more important than the central Asian zone (the so- called Heartland for the control of the Eurasian continent. Spykman's vision is at the base of the "containment politics" put into effect by the United States in its relation/position to the Soviet Union during the post- World War II period Thus, 'Heartland' appeared to him to be less important in comparison to 'Rimland.'
Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904) Dates and Historical Context Born August 30, 1844 Died August 9, 1904 Ratzel Lived During a Period Marked by Significant Developments in the Natural and Social Science
