Geopolymer is novel product which has the potential to replace normal Portland cement in long run. This discussion discusses about pros and cons of Geopolymer cement as applied to geopolymeric concrete.
Geopolymer is novel product which has the potential to replace normal Portland cement in long run. This discussion discusses about pros and cons of Geopolymer cement as applied to geopolymeric concrete.
Geopolymer is novel product which has the potential to replace normal Portland cement in long run. This discussion discusses about pros and cons of Geopolymer cement as applied to geopolymeric concrete.
Geopolymer is novel product which has the potential to replace normal Portland cement in long run. This discussion discusses about pros and cons of Geopolymer cement as applied to geopolymeric concrete.
net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962
Volume-6, Issue-5, September-October 2016
International Journal of Engineering and Management Research Page Number: 214-217
A Review on Geopolymer Concrete
Vignesh.R M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Prist University, Trichy-Thanjavur Highway,Vallam, Thanjavur, INDIA
ABSTRACT conditions on silicon-aluminum minerals that results in a
Concrete is the world’s most versatile, durable and three-dimensional polymeric chain and ring structure” 4 reliable construction material. Next to water, concrete is the The ultimate structure of the geopolymer depends largely most used material, which required large quantities of on the ratio of Si to Al (Si:Al), with the materials most Portland cement. Ordinary Portland cement production is often considered for use in transportation infrastructure the second only to the automobile as the major generator of typically having an Si:Al between 2 and 3.5 5 &6 . The carbon di oxide, which polluted the atmosphere. In addition to that large amount energy was also consumed for the reaction of Fly Ash with an aqueous solution containing cement production. Hence, it is inevitable to find an Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate in their mass ratio, alternative material to the existing most expensive, most results in a material with three dimensional polymeric resource consuming Portland cement. Geopolymer concrete chain and ring structure consisting of Si-O-Al-O bonds7. is an innovative construction material which shall be produced by the chemical action of inorganic molecules. Fly II. APPLICATIONS Ash, a by- product of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide. Flyash is rich in silica and alumina reacted with alkaline solution produced In the short term, there is large potential for aluminosilicate gel that acted as the binding material for the geopolymer concrete applications for bridges, such as concrete. It is an excellent alternative construction material precast structural elements and decks as well as structural to the existing plain cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete retrofits using geopolymer-fiber composites. Geopolymer shall be produced without using any amount of ordinary technology is most advanced in precast applications due to Portland cement. This paper briefly reviews the constituents the relative ease in handling sensitive materials (e.g., high- of geopolymer concrete, its strength and potential alkali activating solutions) and the need for a controlled applications. high-temperature curing environment required for many current geopolymer. Other potential near- term Keywords--- Geopolymer Concrete, Fly Ash, Strength, applications are precast pavers & slabs for paving, bricks Curing, Applications and precast pipes.
III. LIMITATIONS I. INTRODUCTION The followings are the limitations The name geopolymer was formed by a French Bringing the base material fly ash to the required Professor Davidovits in 1978 to represent a broad range of location. High cost for the alkaline solution. Safety risk materials characterized by networks of inorganic associated with the high alkalinity of the activating molecules (Geopolymer Institute 2010)1, 2 &3. The solution.Practical difficulties in applying Steam curing / geopolymers depend on thermally activated natural high temperature curing process Considerable research is materials like Meta kaolinite or industrial byproducts like ongoing to develop geopolymer systems that address these fly ash or slag to provide a source of silicon (Si) and technical hurdles. aluminum (Al). These Silicon and Aluminium is dissolved in an alkaline activating solution and subsequently polymerizes into molecular chains and become the binder. IV. LITERATURE REVIEW Professor B. Vijaya Rangan (2008), Curtin University, Australia, stated that, “the polymerization process involves Abhishek Bisarya et al., [1] analyzed that the a substantially fast chemical reaction under alkaline most research worked gave higher the strength lesser the
workability and vice versa. Hence there is need of the day Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri et al., [13] investigate to investigate the remedies of the problem of workability that the fly ash-based geopolymer was better than normal in Geopolymer Concrete. concrete in compressive strength, exposure to aggressive Ammar Motorwala et al., [2] proved that environment, workability and exposure to high increased in the compressive strength with increased in the temperature. molarity was seen. Monique Tohoué Tognonvi et al., [14] analyzed Anuar K.A et al., [3] inspect that the higher that the tubes of Geopolymer reinforced with sand show concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution good resistance when they are subjected to acid, neutral or increased the higher compressive strength of geopolymer humid environment. The mechanical properties of those concrete will produced and also the higher concentration materials are not changed after durability tests. The of NaOH will made the good bonding between aggregate presence of soluble species on the surface which would be and paste of the concrete. hydroxide or carbonate potassium due to the increase of Bapugouda Patil et al., [4] analyzed that M30 the pH value is found using SEM observation. The strength can be achieved without curing. Addition of presence of potassium ions in the solution evidenced par GGPS gave good compression strength for the concrete. In ICP-AES analysis. The surface of samples appears not to HCl test changes are occurred. For saturated water be attacked which shows the stability of these materials. absorption test at 28 days is about 10.90% less than the Monu Malviya et al., [15] said that OPC Concrete normal concrete. Fire resistance test it with stand up to had suffered more deterioration in acidic as well as 300ºC and 600ºC for both water and air cooling. sulphate solution as compare to Geopolymer Concrete Bennet Jose Mathew et al., [5] determined that Ammar Motorwala1thus Geopolymer Concrete is more the curing at elevated and ambient temperature will form durable than OPC Concrete. fly ash-GGBS based concrete of comparable strengths. Prof.More Pratap Kishanrao [16] said that the Geopolymer concrete can be prepared at comparable cost mixture of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag with OPC based concrete provided transportation system in equal proportions is used as binding material in for raw materials is well established. complete replacement of conventional Portland cement to Bharat Bhushan Jindal et al., [6] recommended prepare geopolymer concrete mixes. that the Geopolymer concrete show high early compressive Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin et al.,[17] recommended strength on heat curing which made it suitable for useful in that cast in-situ application in Geopoymer concrete is a pre casting industry and the compressive strength at 7 days viable one. equivalent or higher than the ordinary Portland cement in Neetu Singh et al., [18] proved that Fly ash based 28 days. Geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength Bondar.D et al., [7] indicated that the strength of and is suitable for structural applications. Fly ash based geopolymer concrete decreased as the ratio of water to Geopolymer concrete had no surface deterioration, geopolymer solids by mass increased. formation of pores on the surface and spalling of concrete Douglas et al., [8] successfully used Geopolymer after immersion in aggressive solution for 30,60 and 90 Concrete in waste stabilization. Geopolymer Concrete days of exposure. The weight of the specimen is loosed. immobilized chemical toxins and reduced leach ate level Fly ash based Geopolymer concrete had good resistance in concentrations. sulfate attack. There are no changes the compressive IRobina Kouser Tabassum [9] said that the strength of test specimens after an exposure period of 90 reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements built them days. Heat cured Geopolymer concrete has an excellent a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement. resistance to chloride attack. Geopolymer concrete can be Geopolymer concrete had excellent properties within both used in sea water area. acid and salt environments. Raijiwala et al., [19] noticed that the Compressive Jaydeep .S et al., [10] examined that the strength of GPC increased over controlled concrete by 1.5 compared to hot air oven curing and curing by direct sun times (M-25 achieves M-45), Split Tensile Strength of light, oven cured specimens gave the higher compressive GPC increased over controlled concrete by 1.45 times and strength but sun light curing is convenient for practical Flexural Strength of GPC increased over controlled conditions. He also said that the compression strength is concrete by 1.6 times. increased by increasing of molarities of sodium hydroxide. Shankar H. Sanni et al., [20] proved that the Krishnan.L et al., [11] proved that the strength of compressive strength loss for the specimens exposed in geopolymer concrete was increased with increase in sulphuric acid were in the range of 10 to 40% in normal percentage of GGBS in a mixture. concrete and it was about 7 to 23% in Geopolymer. The Kumaravel.S [12] recommended that the fly ash Geopolymer concrete and normal mixes indicated minor based concrete gave better result that the normal concrete changes in weight and strength when the specimens were and it can be used in structural applications. exposed to sulphuric acid and magnesium sulphate.
Sourav Kr. Das et al., [21] recommended that the [2] Ammar Motorwala et al., “Alkali Activated FLY-ASH geopolymer concrete is a whole new concept of structural Based Geopolymer Concrete”. International Journal of concrete with a new technology and detailed study on the Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, chemistry behind the polymerization is needed. Volume 3, Issue 1,pp:159-166,2013. Tejas Ostwal et al., [22] said that the strength [3] Anuar K.A et al., “ Strength Characteristics of achieved by Geopolymer blocks is 4MPa which is equal to Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete the strength of cement concrete block of compression Aggregate”. International Journal of Civil & 23kN/m3. The average water absorption percentage of Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 11 No: GPC block is found to be 1.40 %. The cost of one block is 01,PP : 59-62,2011. estimated to be 50.62. 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