6.
OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 1/31
6. OpAmp Application Examples
Francesc Serra Graells
francesc.serra.graells@uab.cat
Departament de Microelectrònica i Sistemes Electrònics
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
paco.serra@imb-cnm.csic.es
Integrated Circuits and Systems
IMB-CNM(CSIC)
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 2/31
1 Pre-Amplification
2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC
3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters
4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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1 Pre-Amplification
2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC
3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters
4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 4/31
Pre-Amplification Stages
General usage in analog
signal processing systems:
pre anti
amp AGC alias
sensor
e.g. microphone ADC decimator
Transducer clock DSP
frontend generator
actuator DAC interpolator
e.g. loudspeaker
power reconstruction
amp
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Pre-Amplification Stages
General usage in analog to save source signal integrity (SNDR)
signal processing systems: against circuit non-idealities (e.g. noise, interference)
pre anti
amp AGC alias
sensor
e.g. microphone ADC decimator
information
Transducer clock DSP
frontend generator
actuator DAC interpolator
e.g. loudspeaker
power reconstruction
amp
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Instrumentation Amplifiers
OpAmp requirements for
sensor read-out fronteds:
safety rules strong
(e.g. no net common
charge interferer
interchange!) weak
differential
signal
e.g. biosignal amplifiers
for ECG, EEG and EMG
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Instrumentation Amplifiers
Shielding and floating supply
OpAmp requirements for for external interference rejection
sensor read-out fronteds:
Infinite DC input impedance
safety rules strong
(e.g. no net common
charge interferer Low equivalent
interchange!) weak input noise
differential
signal
Very high CMRR
Reduced bandwidth (typ. kHz-range)
Moderate output full scale
e.g. biosignal amplifiers
for ECG, EEG and EMG
Specific OpAmp circuits
and feedback topologies
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 8/31
Classic Differential Preamplifiers
3-OpAmp topology:
first stage:
second stage:
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 9/31
Classic Differential Preamplifiers
3-OpAmp topology: 2-OpAmp circuit:
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Classic Differential Preamplifiers
3-OpAmp topology: 2-OpAmp circuit:
matching
group
CMRR losses due to
technology mismatching!
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Specific OpAmps for Preamplifiers
Non-differential floating gain elements:
M3 M4 M15 M16
M5 M6
M1 M2 M13 M14
M9
M10 M12
M7
M8 M11
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Specific OpAmps for Preamplifiers
Non-differential floating gain elements:
M3 M4 M15 M16
M5 M6
M1 M2 M13 M14
Null contributions
M9
of resitors to CMRR
M10 M12
Input stage technology
M8
M7
M11
mismatching seen
as static offset
Input stage noise
Output full-scale
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 13/31
1 Pre-Amplification
2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC
3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters
4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 14/31
Automatic Gain Control Also known as programmable/variable
gain amplifier (PGA/VGA)
General usage in analog
signal processing systems:
pre anti
amp AGC alias
sensor
e.g. microphone ADC decimator
information
Transducer clock DSP
frontend generator
actuator DAC interpolator
e.g. loudspeaker
power reconstruction
amp
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 15/31
Automatic Gain Control Also known as programmable/variable
gain amplifier (PGA/VGA)
General usage in analog
signal processing systems: Amplitude matching with ADC full-scale:
No distortion
at cycle scale
(unlike limiters)!
pre anti
amp AGC alias
sensor
e.g. microphone ADC decimator
information
Transducer clock DSP
frontend generator
actuator DAC interpolator
e.g. loudspeaker
power reconstruction
amp
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Programmable Gain
Based on MOS resistive circuits (MRC):
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Programmable Gain
small large
Based on MOS resistive circuits (MRC): signal signal
matched devices operating in strong inversion conduction (non-saturation):
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Programmable Gain
Based on MOS resistive circuits (MRC):
Compact area
Electronically tunable gain
Technology sensitivity
MOSFET flicker noise
Distortion due to larger device mismatching
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 19/31
1 Pre-Amplification
2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC
3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters
4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
6. OpAmp Application Examples Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 20/31
Continuous-Time Filters
before entering into
General usage in analog discrete time (DT) domain
signal processing systems:
pre anti
amp AGC alias
sensor
e.g. microphone ADC decimator
information
Transducer clock DSP
frontend generator
actuator DAC interpolator
e.g. loudspeaker
power reconstruction
amp
Also common in high-frequency filters...
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Gm-C Integrator
Based on wide-range input MOS transconductors:
not OTA!
(finite Gm)
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Gm-C Integrator
M11 M12
Cross-coupled Imax Imax
CMOS circuit realization:
M1 M2 M3 M4
M5 M6
M8 M7 M9 M10
Itun Itun
matched devices operating in
strong inversion saturation:
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Gm-C Integrator
M11 M12
Cross-coupled Imax Imax
CMOS circuit realization:
M1 M2 M3 M4
M5 M6
M8 M7 M9 M10
Itun Itun
+Imax
Linear differential Itun
transconductance
Built-in limiter
Technology dependence
-Imax
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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1 Pre-Amplification
2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC
3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters
4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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Switched-Capacitor Filters
General usage in analog discrete time (DT) but still analog domain,
signal processing systems: e.g. Delta-Sigma modulators
pre anti
amp AGC alias
sensor
e.g. microphone ADC decimator
information
Transducer clock DSP
frontend generator
actuator DAC interpolator
e.g. loudspeaker
power reconstruction
amp
also reused as SC amplifiers
for flash stages
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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SC Integrator
The very basic building block:
gain integration
function function
Analog circuit realization (ADC)
Digital circuit realization (DAC)
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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SC Integrator
The very basic building block: SC-OpAmp compact implementation:
gain integration
function function for initialization
purposes
single-ended
circuit version
Analog circuit realization (ADC)
clock S I
non-overlapping
phases
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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SC Integrator
SC-OpAmp compact implementation:
clock S I
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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SC Integrator
SC-OpAmp compact implementation:
clock S I
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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SC OpAmp Optimization
Discrete time dynamic biasing:
M4 M3 M5 M6
M1 M2
M7 M8
M9 M10
clock S I
time
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
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SC OpAmp Optimization
Discrete time dynamic biasing:
Synchronous Class-AB
M4 M3 M5 M6 operation
Static power savings
M1 M2
OpAmp fast on/off
recovery time required
M7 M8
Biasing peak value is
M9 M10 technology dependent
Ripple induced in the
power rails (digital-like)
time
Design of Analog and Mixed Integrated Circuits and Systems F. Serra Graells
