www.tntextbooks.

in

தமிழ்நாடு அரசு

ஒன்பதாம் வகுப்பு
முதல் ்பருவம்
ததாகுதி 1

தமிழ்
ENGLISH
தமிழ்நாடுஅரசு வி்லயில்லாப் ்பாடநூல் வழங்கும் திடடததினகீழ் தவளியிடப்்படடது

்பள்ளிக் கல்விததுல்ற

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தமிழ்நாடு அரசு
முதல்்பதிப்பு - 2018

(த்பாதுப் ்பாடததிடடததின கீழ்

தவளியிடப்்படட முப்்பருவ நூல்)

விற்்ப்னக்கு அனறு

்பாடநூல் உருவாக்கமும்
ததாகுப்பும்

The wise
possess all

மாநிலக் கல்வியியல் ஆராய்ச்சி

மற்றும் ்பயிற்சி நிறுவனம்
© SCERT 2018

நூல் அச்�ாக்கம்

க ற்
க கெடை

தமிழ்நாடு ்பாடநூல் மற்றும்

கல்வியியல் ்பணிகள் கழகம்
www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in

II

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PREFACE

The revised course book for English standard IX is based on the communicative approach which
recognizes the importance of developing students’ competence to express them fluently, confidently and
appropriately. The syllabus aligns with the recommendations of the National Curriculum Framework 2005.
The selection of contents has been determined by the students’ present and future academic and social needs.

Each unit focuses on inculcating universal human values, gender sensitization and inclusivity. To
explore the digital world, ICT Corner is introduced in each unit at first time in State Board Text Book.

How to use the book

• Different types of warm up activities can be used to discuss

the theme.
• Make use of the different genres in the text for understanding
and appreciating the plot and characterization.
• 'Do You Know' boxes can be used for thinking beyond the
texts.

• Facilitate the children to enjoy and appreciate the poem.

• Encourage the students to practice the situational grammar
exercises.
• Think and Answer questions can be used for promoting higher
order thinking skills.

• Use the listening, speaking, reading and writing activities to support

effective learning.
• Open-ended questions in the writing tasks can be used for promoting
creative writing.
• Project can be used for developing team spirit and collaborative
learning.

• Motivate the students to read independently and

explore by accessing resources in the library and other
ICT resources.
• Make use of literary and non-literary texts to develop
analytical, inferential and evaluative reading strategies.

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Contents

Unit 1
Prose : Goal Setting .................................................... 127
Poem * : Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening ............ 146
Supplementary : The Fun They Had ........................................... 150

Unit 2
Prose : I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore ............................. 157
Poem : A Poison Tree .................................................. 182
Supplementary : The Envious Neighbour ..................................... 187

Unit 3
Drama : Old Man River .................................................. 193
Poem : Little Sarah ...................................................... 206
Supplementary : Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub ........... 212

* Memoriter

E-Book Digi links

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Unit 1 Prose
Goal Setting
Kris Srikkanth
Warm Up finds a cat sitting there. She asks the
cat, “Which road do I take?” You know
Think of what you would like to do what the response is? The cat says,
in future. Fill in the spaces. “Where do you want to go?” When you
My Goals make a career choice, you may want to
Timeline Action Plans take up engineering, you want to get into
2020 medicine or you want to take up a job.
20.... You must know what you want to do.
20....-20.... Have you found yourself at a crossroads?
20....-20....
2030 0nwards 2. I am a very firm believer in one thing.
You will ultimately become what your
Kris Shrikkanth, an experienced innermost and deep-rooted desire is. Of
sports person is happy to share course, desires change for a person from
with you his winning formula in the time to time. But your deep rooted desire
process of goal setting. is what motivates you.
There are 5 steps to the goal setting
process. The first step is the most
important one:

Telegram-plane Put your goals on paper.

Telegram-plane Analyse what the benefits are.
Telegram-plane Identify obstacles and challenges.
Telegram-plane Help required: People and Resources
Telegram-plane Put down milestones with dates.

 hich is the most important step in

W
the goal setting process?

1. Very often in life, you find

3. During my third year or fourth year of
yourself at a crossroads. The most
engineering, suddenly I had this desire
common example taken is that of Alice
to play cricket, first play for Tamil Nadu,
in Wonderland, a children's classic
then play cricket for India. Again, it was
written by Lewis Carroll. Alice comes to
in my subconscious mind that I wanted to
a crossroads during her travel and she
play for India.
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4. Believe it or not, I played for India. like Sunil Gavaskar, Kapil Dev, Mohinder
That was the deep-rooted desire. As Amarnath all established cricketers there,
you all know, we won the 1983 World and this guy says, he is going to captain
Cup. But after the 1983 World Cup, India. But I said, “Boss, you wait and
unfortunately, my form deteriorated. watch. In five years’ time, I'll captain
Sometime later, a stage came where in, India.”
within about six to seven months of the
What made Srikkanth keep trying to
1983 World Cup, my form was so bad,
realise his dream?
they really even thought of dropping me
from the Tamil Nadu Ranji Trophy team.
6. As I said, rewind your life. You think
That was the stage I was in... This was
about it. There must have been small and
it! But then, something kept on telling me
big desires. Always there will be something
“Don’t worry, Cheeka… you will make it.
within you, speaking to you, right? You
You will make a comeback in the Indian
will make it! You will succeed. As long as
team, you will be a successful cricketer".
the inner feeling is there that you will
There was this little voice... an inner
succeed, just continue trying. Continue
voice that kept on telling me.
doing it. Don’t worry about failure. You
will succeed.

What kind of attitude helps us to succeed?

Indian cricket
team is the only one to 7. When you talk
have won world cups of about deep-rooted
sixty overs, fifty overs desire, what did
and twenty overs. Sachin say, even
after winning the
5. That time, it was a Ranji Trophy match 2011 World Cup?
in Coimbatore, and I still remember Sachin said that his
the events very clearly. Today’s famous deep-rooted desire
commentator L. Sivaramakrishnan and was to win the World Cup. Don’t forget,
a few others were all sitting in a room this man had all the records in the world.
and chatting. We were all having some
fun. Then, suddenly I told them, “Guys, 8. He had got everything in the world that
take it from me - in five years' time, I‘ll one would want as a batsman and as a
captain India”. This was way early in 1984. cricketer; but still, his deep-rooted desire
They thought I’d gone mad. Here is a guy was to win the World Cup one day and
struggling to find a place in the Tamil Nadu be a part of a World Cup-winning team
team. He says that in five years’ time, for India. That ultimately happened.
he will captain India, and with people Maybe, it happened after a long time.
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But still, he himself admitted that this is till his retirement, whenever he played,
the best thing that ever happened to him he played with great passion. That's
in cricket. Don’t forget, my dear friends, why Sachin was so successful.
when you have a deep-rooted desire and
What is the secret of Sachin
when you consciously work towards it,
Tendulkar’s success?
you will achieve it.
Keep in Mind!
9. Passion is the key word. When I say
passion, you do something with your 11. Here are some ways to make sure
heart and soul. When you do something that the goals that you are working on
with passionate interest, you’ll always are things that you want and not just
be successful in life. When you put your things that sound good.
heart and soul and you are passionate,
12. Set goals on a yearly basis. Set
you start enjoying what you do. And
smaller goals and achieve the smaller
when you enjoy what you do, ultimately
goals, and go on a step-by-step basis.
you do everything in the right manner.
When you go on a step-by-step basis, as I
That’s what I mean by passion. Without
told you with live examples, it becomes
passion, please don’t do anything.
easier to achieve your goals. Time
There are times when you are down
management is important when you want
and out and when you just don’t feel
to achieve your goals. If you work towards
like doing something; but, nevertheless
it in a very conscious manner, with passion,
you just do something for the sake of
by putting your heart and soul into
doing. Never ever do that. The moment
whatever you want to be, you will get it.
your mind is not there, just stop doing
something, take a break and come back, Telegram-plane W
 rite your goal with positive
because whatever you do in life, please attitude.
do it with passion. Telegram-plane W
 rite your goal in complete
detail.
When will you be successful in life? Telegram-plane Make sure your goal is high enough.
Why should you enjoy what you do?
 3. The next step in the goal setting
1
10. The best example I can think of process is to identify the benefits of
for doing something with passion is achieving that goal. Make sure that
Sachin Tendulkar. Just imagine, this you’re going towards where you
guy has got all the records you want actually want to go.
in international cricket. He has played What are the steps in the goal setting
the maximum number of test matches, process?
one-day matches; he has got all the
How do goals become easy to achieve?
runs and all the records with him. But
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14. Make sure that you take an informed Glossary

decision when choosing your career.
Let us see what happens when you are crossroads (n.) :
choosing your career. to be at a point when
you have to make a very
Choosing a career important decision

15. There are lots of factors which actually deteriorated (v.) :

influence you when you are trying to became worse
choose your career. influence (n.) :
the capacity to have an effect on the
They are your
character development
Telegram-plane educational background,
peer (n.) :
Telegram-plane parental influence,
person of same age, status or ability
Telegram-plane teachers and mentors,
Telegram-plane the environment that you are in. Passion (n.) :
Telegram-plane personal aspirations and strong desire
Telegram-plane peer pressure. ultimately (adv.) :
being the best or most extreme example
We need to have proper career orientation.
Your personality plays an important role Read and Understand
in choosing the type of career you want.
Choose something you enjoy and really A. Based on your understanding of
want to do and you will be successful. the lesson, answer the following
questions by choosing the correct
options.
About the author
Kris Srikkanth, former i) The author’s desire was to _________
Indian Cricket Team
a) become an engineer.
Captain, is a member
b) become a big shot in life.
of the 1983 world cup
winning team. He was the former chairman c) play football.
and senior selection committee of the d) play cricket.
2011 World Cup Winning Indian Team.
ii) After the 1983 World Cup, he was
He works as a broadcaster and expert
dropped from the Indian team
commentator with various sports and
because ___________
news channels and is well-known for his
honest, straightforward comments, often a) his form deteriorated.
laced with humour. b) he went abroad.

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c) he got a job. C. Answer the following in about

d) he was not healthy. 80 - 100 words each.
1. 
Describe how Srikkanth achieved his
iii) A little voice in Srikkanth said,
professional goals.
a) “You should become a big shot.” 2. 
 Even after being dropped from the
b) “You will make it.” Indian team, why did they select him
to be the captain?
c) “Be sure of your goal.”
3. What is Srikkanth’s advice to achieve
d) “Don’t give up.”
your goals?
iv) Y
 ou should not do anything without D. Think and Answer.
_______________
1. Give four or five factors which could
a) goal.
influence you in the choice of subjects
b) involvement. or career.
c) passion. 2. 
Passion is the keyword to success.
d) personality. Explain this with Sachin’s achievement.
v) _
 ______________ change for a person
from time to time. Vocabulary
a) Aims E. Match the words in
b) Goals column A with their
c) Desires synonym in column B.
d) Opportunities
B. Answer the following questions A B
in one or two sentences. fructify plan
1. A
 ccording to the author, what are the concrete oppose
steps in the goal setting process? relevant appropriate
contradict fruitful
2. E
 xplain “Don’t worry, Cheeka… you
strategy real
will make it. You will make a comeback
in the Indian team, you will be a F. Match the words in column A with
successful cricketer." their antonym in column B.
3. H
 ow did the author’s deep rooted
A B
desire become a reality? success forget
4. What was Tendulkar’s greatest wish? remember failure
5. W
 hen can you achieve your own goals gradually physically
in life? destruction suddenly
mentally creation

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Homonyms I. Look at the prefixes given and

frame two new words for each prefix
Homonyms are words with similar and suffix. One is done for you.
sound and spelling, but with a
different meaning. Prefix Word-1 Word-2
G. Use the words given below in your sub subway subconscious
own sentences so as to get different un
meanings. One is done for you.
re

Cricket is a popular sport. en

cricket dis
A cricket is active at night.
ir
bank

Suffix Word-1 Word-2

will
ly suddenly happily
or
bark
er
watch ness
ian
ist
Homophones

Homophones are words with *Listening

similar sound but different spelling
and meaning. J. Listen to the passage on
Paralympics and choose the correct
H. Consult a dictionary, to find the
answer.
homophones for the given words.

1. The Paralympic games are for _____

1 in
2 know a. children.
3 be b. disabled people.
4 to c. women.
5 watt
6 right 2. T
 he Paralympic games usually
7 were happen ___________
a. in Greece.
Prefix and Suffix b. every four years.
Prefixes are added to the c. after the Olympic Games.
beginning of a root word while
suffixes are added to the end. *Listining text is on Page No. 218
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3. T
 he first true Paralympic Games L. Prepare a speech in about
happened in Rome in _________ 80-100 words for the morning
assembly, stressing on the
a. 1960. importance of games and sports in
b. 1952. ensuring a healthy body and mind.
c. 1848.
Writing
4. I n 394 BCE, the ________ stopped
M. Your friend who lives in another
the Greek Olympic Games, because
town/city has won his/her championship
they didn’t like them.
trophy in the recent sports meet. Write a
a. Romans letter congratulating him/ her.
b. Greeks
N. Collect information from newspapers,
c. British
magazines, periodicals and books about
5. …………..was a doctor at the Stoke any two famous sports women. Prepare
Mandeville hospital in England. their profiles. Use the following format.

a. Pierre de Coubertin Name Details

b. Sir Ludwig Guttmann Date of birth
c. Natalie du Toit State/Team she
represents
Speaking Sports/ Games she is
K. Just a minute associated with
Debut (first entry)
Given below are five main qualities
Best in her career
for true sportsmanship.
Hobbies

i. Determination Awards/ Medals received

ii. Optimization Creative Writing

iii. Stamina
O. Write a newspaper article in about
iv. Perseverance 100 words, comparing the achievements
of the two sportswomen based on the
v. Decisiveness
information you have already collected.
Get into groups of four. Each group will
choose one quality to talk about to the whole
class for about one minute. But before you
talk, you have two minutes to think about it.
You can make notes if you wish.

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Reading moving up and down a ladder, threading

a needle while bending backwards form a
Folk Culture And Folklore Of Tamil
part of this dance.
Nadu

Tamil Nadu is deeply rooted in a great Kavadi Aattam is one of the

tradition of folk arts and crafts, which predominant folk dances of Tamil Nadu.
display the customs and skills that have
come down from generations. The folk
music and dances of Tamil Nadu represent
the ethos, aesthetic, values and melody
of the region. Traditionally, folk dances
and music are performed during festivals
and community functions. The following
article describes some of the folk musical
styles and dances of Tamil Nadu. 
When the ancient Tamils went on
Karagaattam is a popular folk pilgrimages, they used to carry offerings
dance of Tamil Nadu, which involves tied on either end of a long stick, balanced
balancing a pot on the head to musical on their shoulders. A kavadi is made of
accompaniment. The Karagam pots are bamboo strips and a light pole. To lessen
decorated with a cone of flower arrange- the boredom of the long travel, they sing
ments, topped by a paper parrot. The and dance in praise of God. Kavadi
parrot swings as the dancer swings along. Aattam traces its origin to this practice.
This led to the composition of special
songs for carrying the kavadi. 

Poikkal Kudhirai Aattam is a

dance in which the dancer puts on the

Karagaattam has two divisions— atta

karagam and sakthi karagam. This form
of dance is very popular all over Tamil
Nadu. Both male and female performers
participate in this dance. Acrobatics such
as dancing on a rolling block of wood,
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dummy figure of a horse on his / her hips. Bommalaattam or Puppetry is

This folk dance needs a lot of training and held in rural areas of Tamil Nadu during
skill. The dummy is made of lightweight festivals and fairs. Skilled puppeteers
materials and the cloth at the sides of the
dummy swings to and fro covering the legs
of the dancer who dons wooden legs so
that they look like the hooves of the horse.
While performing, the dancer brandishes
either a sword or a whip.

Parai Aattam is a special type of

manipulate the puppets with strings or
dance in Tamil culture in which the
wires. They stand behind a screen and
performers beat the parai and dance to
the puppets are held in front. The
puppetry depicts stories mainly from the
Puranas, epics and folklore. Even during
Indian freedom struggle awareness
programmes for the common people were
conducted through puppet shows to instill
patriotism among the people.

Therukoothu is usually
conducted during village festivals in the
months of Aadi and Panguni. Theru
koothu is performed on the streets and in
open air. In this dance form, make-up
its rhythm. This is one of the oldest and costumes are considered very
traditional dances. In olden days, the important. The performance involves
parai was used for multiple reasons, storytelling, songs, dance and dialogue
ranging from warning people about the
upcoming war, requesting civilians to
leave the battlefield, announcing victory
or defeat, stopping a breach of a water
body, gathering farmers for farming
activities, warning wild animals about
human presence, during festivals,
weddings, celebrations, worship of nature
and so on. Parai Attam plays a prominent
part in all the celebrations in Tamil Nadu
even today.
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rendering. The performances are based 3. How is Karagattam performed?

on stories from Puranas, Ramayana,
4. How were offerings carried during the
Mahabharata and the local folklore.
ancient period?
Silambaattam is a martial art
5. Bring out a few differences between
form, practised from the days of the Tamil
the two art forms Therukoothu and
kings. It has metamorphosed into a
Bommalattam.

ANAGRAMS

An anagram is a word or a phrase

formed by rearranging the letters of
a different word or phrase, typically
using all the original letters exactly
once.
non-violent form of folk dance, adding
stepping styles into the dance to the a.
measure of time. This martial art form
LEMON
also teaches the performer the methods
of self-defense.

MELON

Now try to solve these

anagrams.

1 ELBOW
Silambam was banned in Tamil 2 SECTION
Nadu during the British rule. Britishers 3 VIEWER
viewed this martial art as a potential 4 RIPPLES
threat in the face of revolts. 5 NEEDLESS

A. Answer the following questions

briefly.
B. Work with a partner
1. What do Tamil Nadu folk dances and
Pick out two words from the article on folk
folk arts represent?
culture and folklore of Tamil Nadu with
2. When are folk dances and folk music which you can form anagrams. Take turns
usually performed? and ask your partner to solve the anagram
and come out with the right words.
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A Talk Show

C. Work in groups of 4-6. Choose one folk art form, that is rarely or no longer per-
formed. Find out the reasons for this and suggest practical solutions/steps that can be
taken to prevent this. After discussion and research, conduct a talk show in the class on
the topic FOLK ARTS - A REVIVAL. The following inputs will help you.

Each group will consist of the following members.

1. The host
2. A folk artist
3. A representative from an NGO engaged in reviving some of the dying folk arts
4. A student
5. A citizen from the city.

NOTE: Your teacher will distribute role cards with cues to each member of the
group to help you play your roles.

Grammar
Preposition

A preposition is a word that is placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its

relationship to other words in a sentence.

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I. Prepositions of Time
These prepositions are used to indicate when a particular event happened. These
include: in, on, at, since, for, during etc
e.g. : 1. I was studying in the morning.
2. She was born on the 5th of July.
3. I will reach there at 6 o’clock.

II. Prepositions of Place

These prepositions are used to indicate the location and come before a noun or pronoun
These include: in, on, between, behind, under, over, near, etc
e.g. : 1. The cat is on the wall.
2. Jenny lives near her workplace.
3. Raj is in his room.

III. Prepositions of Movement

These prepositions are used to describe movement. These include: to, into, towards,
through etc.
e.g. : 1. I went to the book store.
2. The swimmer jumped into the pool.
3. The dog was coming towards him.

IV. ‘Since’ and ‘For’

‘Since’ refers to a particular point of time.
e.g. : 1. I have been studying since 5 a.m., and I am at it even now.
2. The construction of this building has been going on since January.

‘For’ refers to the duration of the time.

e.g. : 1. Maya has worked in this institution as an accountant for 23 years.
2. Many ideas were discussed for three weeks before the annual day theme
was finalised.

V. ‘During’ and ‘In’

Both ‘during’ and ‘in’ are used to describe actions that happen in a particular period of
time.
e.g. : 1. We will be visiting my grandparents during the summer vacation.
(or)
2. We will be visiting my grandparents in the summer vacation.

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VI. ‘Between’ and ‘Among’

‘Between’ is used when naming definite, individual items.

e.g. : 1. The discussion on a sports meet between our school and schools are going
on for two days.
2. The final match will be held between India and Australia.

‘Among’ is used when the items are part of a group, and are not specifically named.
e.g. : 1. The sailors divided the money among themselves; and the ship sailed on.
2. We’d discussed this point among ourselves many times over the past
months.

D. Choose the most appropriate preposition from the brackets.

1. We have been living in Chennai _________ eight years. (for/ since)

2. Abdul has taken______ his father. (after/ at)

3. Vimal generally goes to his workplace______ bus. (by/on)

4. The cricket ball was hidden ______ the leaves. (among/ between)

5. Mani divided his toys______his brothers and sisters. (among/ between)

E. Identify the prepositions in the given sentences and underline them.

1. Riya borrowed a dress from me and lent it to her friend, Mary.

2. When I moved back to the city, things had changed considerably.

3. The burglar found the keys under the pot in the balcony.

4. Prabhu was hiding behind the door when his sister came looking for him.
5. My dog sat on my hat and squashed it.

F. Complete the passage by filling in appropriate prepositions from the list-

(with, out, to, in, from, during, of, for, by). Some prepositions may be used
more than once.
In Tamil Nadu, a very interesting form of
recitation named Villupattu developed (a)
____________ the 15th century. Villupattu
means bow—song because a bow—shaped
musical instrument (b) ___________ strong
high tension string is used (c) __________
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placing it (d) _______________ an earthen v. S

 he was so happy in life that she
pitcher. It is believed that this narrative form could not ask for more.
was an invention (e) ____________Arasa
 he Sharma couple care for their
vi. T
Pulavar. The troupe gives its performance
pets as they do for their children.
mostly (f) ___________________ temple
festivals. There are seven to eight vii. I agree with everything you’ve said.
persons in a troupe who form a kind
H. Frame sentences using the
(g) _________________ chorus that
prepositional phrases given in the
supports the main singer-narrator. When box.
the chief narrator sings, the chorus
benefit from care for agree with
takes (h) ____________ the refrain
stand in ask for laugh at
(i) _______________ the song and
stay at joke about believe in
repeats it in unison. The whole party
go into consist of pay for
sits (j) ______________ the ground
prepare for attend to rely on
and performs (k) ______________ a lot
(l) _____________ gesticulation and facial Fairs and festivals form an integral part
expression to suit the narrative they have of the culture of Tamil Nadu. They are
taken. The ballad style songs are composed an excellent platform to promote and
(m) ________________ the rural dialect preserve the vibrant art and culture of
which appeals (n) _______________ the the Tamils.
audience who sometimes join the troupe I. Given below is a picture of a
(o) ________________ suitable notes or carnival. Complete the factual
words. description by filling in the blanks

Preposition with verbs

G. Some verbs are usually followed
by prepositions before the object of
the verb.
Examples

 he kids laughed at the hilarious

i. T
antics of the clown.
ii. Fathima planned to stay at a hotel, with appropriate prepositions.
when she visited Mumbai.
A thiruvizha is a source of excitement and
iii. I have pressing matters to attend to thrill for villagers. The village thoroughfare
in Kolkata. wears a festive look, as the open spaces
iv. I believe in the healing power of a are cleaned, spruced up and decorated
mother’s touch. (a) ________colourful streamers.
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People throng the premises (b) ______catch a glimpse (c)________their village deity
(d)______ a magnificently decorated chariot, and pay their respects. There is a big
crowd (e)_____ the food stalls that serve free piping hot sakkaraipongal (sweet pongal),
lemon rice and curd rice.

People (f)______nearby villages and towns display their wares attractively, and call
out loudly (g)______the people (h)_______buy their wares. Cotton candy, cut raw
mangoes smothered (i)________salt and chilly powder, boiled groundnuts, murukku,
sweets, buttermilk etc are sold. Men, women, grandmas, grandpas and little children
dressed (j)_________their best clothes, enjoy the Thiruvizha greatly.

You can hear the shrieks (k)________happy children enjoying the rides on ferris wheels
and carousels, elders looking (l)_________ each other with smiles on their faces.

The entire day is spent (m) _______fun and gaiety. All the village people irrespective of
their age, look forward (n)_________the thiruvizha every year.

Clauses
A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate
(or a verb). There are two types of clauses. They are independent clause
and dependent clause.

Examples of independent and dependent Clauses

Telegram-plane Karagattam is a popular folk dance which is performed during village festivals.
(Independent Clause) (Dependent Clause)

Telegram-plane The pots are decorated with a cone that has flowers in it.
(Independent Clause) (Dependent Clause)

Telegram-plane Skilled puppeteers manipulate the puppets that they pull.

(Independent Clause) (Dependent Clause)

Telegram-plane The whole village celebrates when there is a thiruvizha.

(Independent Clause) (Dependent Clause)

Independent Clauses are complete sentences. They can stand alone and express a
complete thought. Examples: I need a book.
Mary prefers coffee.
Ram is a good volleyball player.

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Dependent Clauses contain a subject and a predicate, but they do not express a

complete thought. Examples: When it is raining
Because you were late
After you go to school

There are three main types of dependent clauses: adjective, adverb, and noun.

An adjective clause describes or gives more information about a

noun—tells us which one, what kind, or how many.
Example: The book that I left on the bus belongs to Mr. Baskar.
An adverb clause describes or gives more information about the
verb—tells us when, where, how, to what extent, or under what
condition something is happening.
Example: She was happy because her father gave her a watch.
A noun clause takes the place of a noun in the sentence.
Example: This is the best route that I know.

Phrases

A phrase is a group of words that forms a meaningful unit, but it is not a complete
sentence. In other words, it does not have a subject or a verb.

Telegram-plane the black hat

Example of phrases put together in a sentence:
Telegram-plane blown away
The black hat was blown away in the wind.
Telegram-plane in the wind

There are several kinds of phrases in the English language. Some of the common
ones are described below.

Examples of Noun phrases

A Noun Phrase is a group of words made up of a noun and its modifiers.

Telegram-plane the white car
Telegram-plane my English teacher
Telegram-plane the book shop
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Examples of Verb Phrases

A Verb phrase is a group of words made up of a verb, helping verbs, and modifiers.
Telegram-plane ran quickly to catch
Telegram-plane filled with horror
Telegram-plane dedicated to

Examples of Prepositional Phrases:

A Prepositional phrase is a group of words that begin with a preposition and help to
explain the relationship between two things.
Telegram-plane on the boat
Telegram-plane over the tree
Telegram-plane in the school

Phrases and Clauses

J. Identify the dependent clauses or phrases in the following sentences and

underline them.

1. Texting on his phone, the man swerved into a ditch.

2. It isn’t necessary to cram all night if you have studied a little each day.

3. We climbed up the hill to enjoy the view.

4. I enjoy painting during my holidays.

5. Whether he attends the party or not, I have decided to go.

6. I will stop playing the drums when you go to sleep.

K. Complete the following sentences using appropriate prepositional phrases.

1. I would like to order coffee__________tea.

a) instead of b) instead from
c) instead to

2. ____________ the rains, we went out.

a) In spite of b) In spite
c) In spite on

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3. ___________ fire, break the glass to escape.

a) In case of b) In case
c) In case with

4. I am standing here_______ my friends.

a) in behalf of b) on behalf of
c) on behalf

5. We solved the problem _______ a new device developed by our engineers.
a) by means of b) by means
c) by means to

6. ________ we are impressed with their performance.

a) In general b) On general
c) In generally

Writing
You stayed with your grandparents at your native village during Pongal. You had an
unforgettable time with them. You visited the village fair and enjoyed the simple
pleasures of life like bathing in the river, strolling in the fields, eating food cooked in
earthen utensils over firewood, sleeping on a cot on the terrace under the star-lit sky,
visiting temple fairs and watching Karagattam presentation.

L.Write a letter to your friend, describing the joy of celebrating festivals in a village.

Project
M. Your class has to stage a Puppet Show in the Assembly Open Forum on the topic
‘Child Labour’. Divide yourselves into groups and discuss the requirements for the
presentation like storyline, characters, dialogues, choice of puppets and music for the
interlude. Now complete the dialogues given below.
Ramesh :
Let us present a Puppet Show on CHILD LABOUR for our Assembly Open Forum.

Mohammed :
That is a very good idea! Let us start planning right away.

Geetha :
_________________________________________________________________?
Leema :
I suggest we begin with the storyline first.

Mani :
How _____________________________________________________________ ?
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Ramesh :
We can have around five characters.

Mohammed :
What ___________________________________________________________ ?

Meena :
We can focus on the problems of poverty and illiteracy as the major reasons for child
labour.

Ramesh :
Can _____________________________________________________________?

Leema :
I am good at making stick puppets. I will make them myself. But I require some help.
Mani :
I _______________________________ . Tell me, __________________________
Leema :
Thank you, Mani. Let us stay back after the meeting and discuss.
Ramesh :
Have ___________________________ ?
Meena :
I think we should have some music for the interlude.
Geetha :
That would make it really interesting. I will get my music group to start working on the
tunes for our puppet show.

Now you are ready to start writing your script for Bommalattam on ‘Child Labour’.

Guidelines for script writing

Telegram-plane Write a brief description of the play in a story map format. (storyline, conflict/ problem,
resolution, moral, puppet characters, backdrop and setting, properties).

Telegram-plane Write a rough draft of the puppet play script (sound effects, timings/ pauses, what
the characters may be doing when not talking , direction for props etc.)

Telegram-plane Edit and revise your rough draft. Make sure that the story is lucidly conveyed and
feels like natural conversation to the listeners.

Telegram-plane When your puppet play is ready, pick puppets of your choice and start practising.

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Poem

* Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Robert Frost

1. Have you ever travelled through a forest? How did you feel? Warm Up
2. Did you have any time to stop and enjoy the beauty of the forest?

Whose woods these are I think I know.

His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer

To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shake

To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound’s the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep.

But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
Robert Frost

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sweep (v.) : soft, gentle sound

About the author downy (adj.) : feather-like

Robert Frost flake (n.) : a small piece of

(1874-1968) was something
an American poet
noted for his realistic A. Answer the following questions in
descriptions of a sentence or two.
rural life. Born on 1. He will not see me stopping here
26 March 1874, he spent his first To watch his woods fill up with snow.
40 years as an unknown entity. He
i. Who does ‘he’ refer to?
received four Pulitzer prizes for poetry
ii. Identify the season with these
and was a special guest at President
lines
John F. Kennedy‘s inauguration.
Frost became a poetic force and
2. My little horse must think it queer
the unofficial Poet Laureate of the
To stop without a farmhouse near
United States. Some of his famous
works are The Road Not Taken, West i. Who is the speaker?
Running Brook, Mending Wall, ii. Why should the horse think it
After Apple Picking, etc. queer?
iii. Pick out the rhyming words.

Jawaharlal Nehru, the former 3. He gives his harness bells a shake

Prime Minister of India, had the To ask if there is some mistake.
last two lines of this poem written i. Whom does ‘he’ refer to in these
in block letters and placed it on his lines?
desk as these lines reminded him of his
ii. Why does ‘he’ give his harness
responsibilities.
bells a shake?
iii. How does the horse communicate
GLOSSARY
with the poet?
queer (adj.) : strange, odd
4. The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
woods (n.) : forest
But I have promises to keep
harness (n.) : i. How are the woods?
straps and fittings by which a horse is
ii. Who does ‘I’ refer to?
fastened to a cart or carriage
iii. What are the promises the
frozen (adj.) : in ice form speaker is talking about?

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e. A
 nd miles to go before I sleep, c. W
 hat are the sounds heard by the
And miles to go before I sleep. poet?
i. Why has the poet repeated the d. T
 he poet is aware of two choices. What
last line? are they? What choice does he make
ii. Explain: miles to go before I sleep ultimately?

B. W
 rite down the summary of the e. P
ick out words from the poem that
poem by filling in the blanks. bring to mind peace and quiet.

After a long travel the poet entered Appreciating the poem

a___________. He wondered to whom the
D. I dentify the rhyme scheme used
wood _______! He realized that the owner
in each stanza. One example has
of the wood lived in a ________. He was
been done for you.
happy that the owner would not be
able to ___________him stopping in his
stanza rhyme scheme
woods to watch _____________ fill the
woods. The poet felt that the horse would 1 aaba
think it very _________ to stop near the 2
woods as he had never _____. He was
3
actually standing between the woods and
_______. The time was ________. The 4
horse indicated that the poet has made a
________ by shaking its head. The poet
E. C
 omplete the table by identifying
felt that the woods are lovely, _______
lines, against the poetic devices
and ______. He suddenly realized that
from the poem. One example is
he had worldly ______which would not
done for you.
allow him to _______ in the woods for a
long time. Lines from the
Poetic device
poem
C. A
 nswer the questions in three or
four sentences. Alliteration watch his woods

a. W
hat information does the poet
Personification
highlight about the season and the
time of the day in the poem?
Repetition
b. In which way is the reaction of the
speaker different from that of the Imagery
horse? What does it convey?

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*Listening b. Though attracted to the peace and

F. L
isten to your teacher read a quiet of the woods, the poet decides to
passage or play on a recorder, go on to the village. Express your opinion
on the importance of keeping on why the poet does so.
promises. As you listen, complete
the blanks. J. Y
 ou can use the following words
a. When you make a promise, keep it, while expressing your opinion.
even if it____________ you more Write a short speech in not more
than you expected. than 100-150 words.

b. Do not promise _______ but ______ My view... In my opinion...

more then you promise. My belief... Speaking personally...
c. A promise ________ people together. I am certain.. I would say that...
I am sure... My impression is that...
d. Some people make promises _______.
I presume... I have no doubt...
e. Saying 'yes' is easier than refusal but I guess... From my point of view..
can lead to _________ and decrease in
trust. Read and Enjoy
f. 
Before making promises, consider
Leisure
the long-term _______.
What is this life if, full of care,
Writing We have no time to stand and stare.

G. Answer the following questions No time to stand beneath the boughs,

in a paragraph about 80 -100 And stare as long as sheep or cows.
words
No time to see, when woods we pass,
a. It is said that, “the choices made by Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass.
one, shapes one’s destiny”. The theme
No time to see, in broad daylight,
of choice is important throughout this
Streams full of stars, like skies at night.
poem.
No time to turn at Beauty’s glance,
H. Work in pairs and discuss the
factors that contribute towards And watch her feet, how they can dance.
making a choice and make a
presentation to the class. No time to wait till her mouth can
Enrich that smile her eyes began.
I. Write down your presentation as
an article. A poor life this is, if full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare.
William Henry Davies
*Listening text is on Page No. 218
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Supplementary

The Fun They Had

Isaac Asimov
Warm Up

Here is an imaginary
high school class
depicted in a French
post card (1901-
1910). Discuss what
do you think have
come true in the
present century.

Now, share your views about of moving the way they were supposed
the changes that you and your to—on a screen, you know. And then
classmates expect in your school when turned back to the page before,
and classroom in about 20-50 years. it had the same words on it that it had
when they read it the first time.
Read the story to find out how a student
like Margie studies in the year 2157. 4. “Gee!,” said Tommy, “What a waste.
When you’re through with the book, you
1. Margie even wrote about it that night
just throw it away, I guess. Our television
in her diary. On the page headed 17 May
screen must have had a million books on
2157, she wrote, “Today Tommy found a
it and it’s good for plenty more. I wouldn’t
real book!”
throw it away.”

2. It was a very old book. Margie’s

5. “Same with mine,” said Margie. She
grandfather once said that when he was
was eleven and hadn’t seen as many
a little boy his grandfather told him that
telebooks as Tommy had. He was thirteen.
there was a time when all stories were
printed on paper. 6. She said, “Where did you find it?”

7. “In my house”. He pointed without

3. They turned the pages, which were
looking, because he was busy reading.
yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully
“In the attic.”
funny to read words that stood still instead

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8. “What’s it about?” 13. The inspector had smiled after he

9. “School.” was finished and patted Margie’s head.
He said to her mother, “It’s not the
10. Margie was scornful. “School ? What’s little girl’s fault, Mrs. Jones. I think the
there to write about school? I hate school.” geography sector was geared a little too
11. Margie always hated school, but quickly. Those things happen sometimes.
now she hated it more than ever. The I’ve slowed it up to an average ten
mechanical teacher had been giving her year level. Actually, the overall pattern of
test after test in geography and she had her progress is quite satisfactory.” And he
been doing worse and worse until her patted Margie’s head again.
mother had shaken her head sorrowfully
14. Margie was disappointed. She had
and sent for the country inspector.
been hoping they would take the teacher
away altogether. They had once taken
Tommy’s teacher away for nearly a month
because the history sector had blanked
out completely.

15. So she said to Tommy, “Why would

anyone write about school?”

16. Tommy looked at her with very superior

eyes. “Because it’s not our kind of school,
12. He was a round little man with a red
stupid. This is the old kind of school that
face and a whole box of tools with dials
they had hundreds and hundreds of years
and wires. He smiled at Margie and gave
ago.” He added loftily pronouncing the
her an apple, then took the teacher apart.
word carefully, “Centuries ago.”
Margie had hoped he wouldn’t know how
to put it together again, but he knew how 17. Margie was hurt. “Well I don’t know
all right, and, after an hour or so, there it what kind of school they had all that time
was again, large and black and ugly, with ago.” She read the book over his shoulder
a big screen on which all the lessons were for a while, then said, “Anyway, they had
shown and the questions were asked. a teacher.”
That wasn’t so bad. The part Margie
hated most was the slot where she had 18. “Sure they had a teacher, but it was
to put homework and test papers. She not a regular teacher. It was a human.”
always had to write them out in a punch
code they made her learn when she was 19. “A human? How could a human be a
six years old, and the mechanical teacher teacher?”
calculated the marks in no time. 20. “Well, she told boys and girls things
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and gave them homework and asked walked away whistling, the dusty old
them questions.” book tucked beneath his arm.

21. “A human isn’t smart enough.” 35. Margie went into the schoolroom. It
was right next to her bedroom, and the
22. “Sure one is.”
mechanical teacher was on and waiting
23. Margie wasn’t prepared to dispute for her. It was always on at the same time
that. She said, “I wouldn’t want a stranger every day except Saturday and Sunday,
in my house to teach me.” because her mother said little girls learned
better if they learned at regular hours.
24. Tommy screamed with laughter. “You
don’t know much, Margie. The teachers
didn’t live in the house. They had a special
building and all the kids went there.”

25. “And all the kids learned the same

thing?”

26. “Sure, if they were the same age.”

27. “But my mother says a teacher has to In October 2017, the robot became
be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy a Saudi Arabian citizen, the first robot
and girl it teaches and that each kid has to receive citizenship of any country.
to be taught differently.” In November 2017, Sophia was named
the  United Nations Development
28. “Just the same they didn’t do it that
Programme’s first ever Innovation
way then. If you don’t like it, you don’t
Champion, and the first non-human
have to read the book.”
to be given any United Nations title.
29. “I didn’t say I didn’t like it,” Margie
said quickly. She wanted to read about 36. The screen was lit up, and it said:
those funny schools. “Today’s arithmetic lesson is on the
addition of proper fractions. Please insert
30. They weren’t even half finished when yesterday’s homework in the proper slot.”
Margie’s mother called, “Margie! School!”
37. Margie did so with a sigh. She was
31. Margie looked up. “Not yet, Mamma.” thinking about the old schools they had
when her grandfather’s grandfather
32. “Now!” said Mrs. Jones. “And it’s
was a little boy. All the kids from the
probably time for Tommy, too.”
whole neighborhood came, laughing
33. Margie said to Tommy, “Can I read the and shouting in the schoolyard, sitting
book some more with you after school?” together in the schoolroom, going home
34. “Maybe,” he said nonchalantly. He together at the end of the day. They
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learned the same things, so they could

About the author
help one another with the home work
and talk about it. Isaac Asimov,
born on January
2 nd, 1920 was an
American writer
and professor of
Biochemistry at
Boston University.
He was known for his work of science
fiction and 'popular science'. Asimov
was a prolific writer and edited more
than 500 books, an estimated 90,000
letters and postcards. Asimov
wrote 'Hard Science Fiction' along
with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur
C. Clarke. He was considered one of
the best science fiction writers during
his lifetime.
38. And the teachers were people…

Glossary
39. The mechanical teacher was flashing on
the screen: “When we add fractions ½ crinkly (adj.) : with
and ¼… many folds or lines

40. Margie was thinking about how the awfully (adv.) :

kids must have loved it in the old very, extremely
days. She was thinking about the fun
attic (n.) :
they had.
a space just below the roof used as a
store room

scornful (adj.) :
feeling or expressing contempt

loftily (adv.) :
something done in a proud or haughty
Punched tape or perforated paper tape manner
is a form of data storage consisting of
a long strip of paper in which holes are century (n.) :
punched to store data. a period of one hundred years

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nonchalantly (adv.) : (iii) ______ At present, the (iv) ______

in a casually calm and relaxed manner were moving on a television screen. The
television had over (v) ______. He had
Understanding the story: found the old book in the (vi) ______ of
his house. While reading Tommy found
A. I dentify and name the character/
that it was about the old schools. Margie
speaker
hated school because she was having
1. S
 he was given test after test in problems with learning (vii) ______. The
geography. mechanical teacher was black and large
with a screen. Margie hated the slot
2. H
 e was a round little man with a red where she had to insert her homework or
face and a whole box of tools with (viii) ______. Margie did not understand
dials and wires. how a (ix) ______ could be a teacher and
3. S
 he had been hoping they would take how the students were taught the (x)
the teacher away altogether. ______.Then it was (xi) ______ school
for Margie and Tommy. Margie went to
the schoolroom in her (xii) ______, where
4. T
 hey learned the same things, so they
the mechanical teacher stood. She was
could help one another with the home
thinking about the old school and how
work and talk about it.
much fun the children had, (xiii) ______
5. T
 he teachers didn’t live in the house. time together.
They had a special building and all
the kids went there. C. B
 ring out the difference between
your school and Margie’s school
in the given tabular column. An
B. F
 ill in the blanks with the clues
example is done for you.
given below to complete the
paragraph.
Margie’s school Your school
millions of books real book Teacher is a Teacher is a
yellow and crinkly same thing machine. human being.
learning and spending person
geography schools Books are in
test papers words printed form.
attic house
time School is at
home.
Tommy and Margie found something about
There is no
the (i)_____ of the past. Tommy found a
playground.
(ii) _____ which has been printed on paper.
The book was old and the pages were
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D. Complete the following statements based on your reading.

1. The old book was found by ____________________________________

2. Margie was surprised to see the old book because ___________________________

3. T
 he mechanical teacher was giving Margie__________________________________
____________

4. M
 argie had to study always at the same time every day, because her mother said
little girls ____________________________________________________________
__________________

5. T
 he geography sector in mechanical teacher was ____________________________
______________________________________________

Think and Write

E. O
 n the basis of your reading and using your own ideas, answer the following
in about 125-150 words each.

1. Describe Margie’s mechanical teacher and her classroom in your own words.

2. Why did Margie hate her school? What was she thinking about at the end of the story?

3. What was strange about the ‘book’? Why did Margie find it strange?

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ICT Corner
Millionaire Game

Screen shot of the Game

URL address
https://drive.google.com/
open?id=1SZuh5U2OJlE13b-
Demo Steps
BuMSg3J6lpEDPBBCWe
1. Scan the QR code. It will go to a website.
2. The link for the game will be there.
3. Click the URL and download the game
4. Click play.
5. Answer the questions within 20 minutes.
6. You will earn Rs.20000/ for every right answer.
7. Play the game and become a millionaire.

Images for the Demo Steps

Download Software /
You can download this game
Application
and play it offline on your
computer

Learning activity

1. Write down the sentences you learned.

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Unit 2 Prose

I Can’t Climb Trees Anymore

Ruskin Bond

Warm up
a. Have you tried swinging from a tree?
b. Have you ever climbed up a tree to pluck fruits?
c. Think of other occasions when you have climbed
up trees, either near your homes or outside. Share
your reasons with the class.

Read the story given below. Find out why It was a disembodied voice at first.
the narrator feels that he can’t climb. Moments later a girl stood framed
between dark red hollyhocks staring at
He stood on the grass verge by the side
the man. She was only twelve or thirteen,
of the road and looked over the garden
with lively eyes and long black hair.
wall at the old house. It hadn’t changed
much. The old house built with solid ‘I’m looking at the house. Is it yours?,’
blocks of granite wasn’t altered at all. he asked.
But there was a new outhouse, and there
'No. It's my father's. Why? Do you want
were fewer trees. He was glad to see that
to buy it?'
the jackfruit tree still stood at the side of
the building casting its shade on the wall. 'And what does your father do?'
He remembered his grandmother saying:
'He's only a colonel.'
‘A blessing rests on the house where
'Only a colonel?'
the shadow of a tree falls.’ And so the
present owners must also be receiving 'Well, he should have been a brigadier
the tree’s blessings. At the spot where by now.'
he stood there had once been a turnstile,
The man burst out laughing.
and as a boy he would swing on it, going
round and round until he was quite dizzy. 'It's not funny,' she said. 'Even Mommy
Now the turnstile was gone, the opening says he should been a brigadier.'
walled up. Tall hollyhocks grew on the
It was on the tip of his tongue to make
other side of the wall.
a witty remark (‘Perhaps that’s why he’s
‘What are you looking at?’ still a Colonel’), but he did not want to

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give offence. They stood on either side climb over the wall instead of going round
of the wall, appraising each other. to the gate. He got up on the wall all right,
"Do you want to buy it?" but had to rest there, breathing heavily.

"No", he said. ‘Middle-aged man on the flying 

trapeze,’ he muttered to himself.
'Well' she said,'If you don’t want to buy
the house, what are you looking at?’ ‘I’ll help you,’ she said, and gave him her
hand.
‘I used to live here twenty-five years
ago. As a boy. As a young man.... And He slithered down into a flower-bed,
then my grandmother died, and we sold shattering the stem of a hollyhock.
the house and went away.’
As they walked across the grass he spotted
1. What was the old house built with? a stone bench under a mango tree. It was
2. D
 oes the narrator still live in the the bench on which his grandmother used
house? to rest, when she was tired of pruning
rose bushes and bougainvillea. ‘Let’s
She was silent for a while, taking in this just sit here,’ he said. ‘I don’t want to go
information. Then she said, ‘And you’d inside.’
like to buy it back now, but you don’t
She sat beside him on the bench.
have the money?’ He did not look very
prosperous. They were silent for some time. The man
closed his eyes and remembered other
‘No, I wasn’t thinking of buying it back, times - the music of a piano, the chiming
wanted to see it again, that’s all. How of a grandfather clock, the constant
long have you lived in it?’ twitter of budgerigars on the veranda, his
‘Only three years,’ she smiled. grandfather cranking up the old car....
‘Would you like to come in and look
more closely?’
‘Wouldn’t your parents mind?’

‘They’ve gone to the club.’ They won’t mind.

I’m allowed to bring my friends home.’

‘Even elderly friends like me?’

‘How old are you?’

A flying trapeze is a circus act in which
‘Oh, just middle aged, but feeling young people swing from one end of the
today.’ And to prove it he decided he’d circus tent on ropes.

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‘I used to climb the jackfruit tree,’ he said, 'Do you still have it?’
opening his eyes. ‘No’, he said, looking her in the eyes. ‘I
‘Do you want to climb it again? My left it in the jackfruit tree.’
parents won’t mind.’ ‘You left it in the tree?’
‘No, no. Not after climbing the garden ‘Yes, I was so excited at the time,
wall. Let’s just sit here for a few min- packing and saying goodbye to people
utes and talk. I mention the jackfruit tree and thinking about the ship I was
because it was my favourite place. Do going to sail on that I simply forgot all
you see that thick branch stretching out about it.’
over the roof ? Half way along it there’s ‘Yes’, he said. ‘It’s twenty-five years, but
a small hollow in which I used to keep it may still be there. Unless someone else
some of my treasures.’ found it….’
‘What kind of treasures?’
‘Would you like to go and look?’
‘Oh, nothing very valuable. Marbles I’d won.
‘I can’t climb trees any more.’
A book I wasn’t supposed to read. A few old
coins I’d collected. Things came and went. I ‘If you can’t, I will go and see. You just
was a bit of a crow, you know, collecting sit here and wait for me.’
bright things and putting them away. There ‘I’ve found it!’ she cried. ‘I’ve found some-
was my grandfather’s Iron Cross. Well, not thing!’
my grandfather’s
And now, barefoot, she ran breathlessly
exactly, because he was British and the Iron
towards him, in her outstretched hand a
Cross’ was a German decoration awarded for
rusty old medal.
bravery during the War - the First World War
- when my grandfather fought in France. He He took it from her and turned it over on
got it from a German soldier.’ his palm.
‘Is it the Iron Cross?’ she asked eagerly.
The Param Vir Chakra ‘Yes’, he said, ‘this is it.’
is the highest wartime
‘Now I know why you came. You wanted
gallentry award, given
to see if it was still in the tree.’
to soldiers of the Indian
Armed Forces, for the ‘You may be right. I’m not really sure why
display of utmost courage I came. But you can keep the Cross. You
and complete selflessness when found it, after all.’
facing the enemy. Since its inception
1. How did the narrator get the iron cross?
in 1950, 21 fearless heroes (14
2. Do you think the girl kept the iron
posthumous) have been awarded the
cross?
medal till January 2018.

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‘No, you keep it. It’s yours.’

About the author
‘But it could have remained in the tree for
Ruskin Bond was
another twenty-five years if you hadn’t
born on 19th May
climbed up to look for it.’
1934. He is an
‘But if you hadn’t come back again....’ award winning Indian
‘On the right day, at the right time, and with author of British
the right person’, he said, getting up and descent. He is much
placing the medal in her hands. ‘It wasn’t renowned for his role in promoting
the Cross I came for. It was my youth.’ children’s literature in India. The
Indian council for Child Education has
She didn’t understand that, but she recognized his role in the growth of
walked with him to the gate, Where children’s literature in India. He got
the road turned, he looked back and the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1992 for
waved to her. Then he quickened his 'Our trees still grow in Dehra'. He was
steps and moved briskly towards the awarded the Padmashri in 1999 and
bus stop. There was sprightliness in Padma Bhushan in 2014. As a prolific
his step, and something cried aloud in writer, he has written over 500 short
his heart. stories, essays and novels. His popular
novel 'The Blue Umbrella' was made
20.The mango scented summer breeze
into a Hindi film and was awarded
made the blood course in his veins, and
the National Film Award for the best
he forgot, for a moment, that he couldn’t
children’s film in 2007.
climb trees any more….

(Slightly adapted) colonel(n) :

a rank of officer in the army

Glossary brigadier(n) :
a rank of officer in the British army,
turnstile(n) : above Colonel
a mechanical gate
trapeze(n) :
consisting of revolving
horizontal arms fixed to a horizontal bar hanging by two ropes
a vertical post, allowing and free to swing, used by acrobats in a
only one person at a circus
time to pass through
bougainvillea(n) :
hollyhocks(n.pl) : an ornamental shrubby climbing plant
a tall Eurasian plant of the mallow family, that is widely cultivated in tropics
with large showy flowers
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budgerigars(n.pl) : A. B
 ased on your understanding of
a small Australian bird of the parrot family, the story, indicate either ‘T’ (True)
often kept in a cage as a pet or ‘F’( False) against the columns.
muttered(v.pt) : T/F
to utter words in a low tone
The narrator had hidden a
1
few old coins in the tree.
slithered(v.pt) :
slide or slip unsteadily on a loose or The jack fruit tree was still
2
there.
slippery surface
As a boy the narrator used
pruning(v) : the act of trimming a plant 3
to swing on the turnstile.
drenched(v.pt) :
The narrator had sold the
4
thoroughly wet, soaked house.

chiming(v) : A girl came out of the

5
house.
make melodious ringing sounds typically
The narrator’s grandfather
to indicate the time
6 used to sit on the stone
bench.
cranking(v) : start, get going
The narrator was able to
eddies(n.pl) : 7 remember the music of a
piano.
circular movement of air or water, whirl,
spiral The narrator was able to
8
climb the jack fruit tree.
sprightliness(n) : The purpose of the visit of
liveliness, spirit, life 9 the narrator was to buy his
ancestral house back.
lissome(adj.) : The narrator climbed over
10
slim, thin, slender, graceful, active the wall easily.

prosperous(adj.) : B. Based on your understanding

flourishing, successful of the story, answer the following
questions by choosing the correct
appraising(v) : answer.
assess, evaluate,
 he story I Can’t Climb Trees
i. T
estimate
Anymore highlights the importance
of ________

a) old age. b) youth.

c) adulthood. d) middle age.

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ii. T
 he house which was visited by the v. Who is the owner of the house now?
man____________ vi. Why did the narrator return to his
a) remained unchanged. old house?
b) was totally changed. vii. How did he get back the Iron Cross?
c) was slightly repaired.
viii. Who did the house belong to
d) was given a facelift.
originally?
iii. W
 ho said, “A blessing rests on the ix. What did he do with the old Iron Cross?
house where the shadow of a tree
x. Where had he left his childhood
falls”?
treasures ?
a) grand mother
b) grand father D. Match the words in column
c) uncle A with the meanings in column B by
d) the narrator drawing a line as shown.

iv. T
 he author came back to the house A B
because he ________________ 1 . pruning soaked
a) wanted to see the jackfruit tree. 2 . chiming shaky
b) was looking for his lost youth. 3 . drenched flourishing,
c) wanted to look again at his old house
4 . dizzy life
d) wanted to buy the house.
5 . prosperous emit a sound
v. He gifted _________ to the little girl. 6 . sprightliness trimming a plant
a) an iron cross 7 . prosperous ancient
b) a bronze medal
8 . treasure bell, gong
c) marbles
d) old coins a collection of
9 . chiming
precious things
C. Answer the following questions in 10. rusty well-off
a sentence or two.

i. Explain:“Blessings rest on the house E. Read these shortened forms of

where the shadow of a tree falls.” words and write the fullform for the
ii. What did the writer observe about remaining words and complete the
the house? table given below.
iii. What was the local superstition
won’t : will not
about trees?
I’d : I had/ I would
iv. What did the Narrator do with the
turnstile when he was a boy? I’ll : I will

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i. you’d We would look at the field

ii. they’ve And happily gaze.

iii. he’d F. Now choose the correct option

iv. he’s and put a tick mark (✓) above it.
v. wasn’t
1.
The poet used to play in the house
vi. isn't when she was young / lazy.
vii. doesn't
2. T
 he flowers mentioned in the poem are
viii. aren't roses / holly hocks.
ix. wouldn't
3. T
 he poet used to go home for tea /
x can't
lunch.

Read the poem. 4. M

 uffins /grapes were the favourite food
of the poet.
Child Memories
5. Life was beautiful / happy when the
When I was a young girl poet was young.
We used to play 6. T
 here was plenty of time to gaze / walk
Out in the field in the field.
Of flowers all day.
There were roses and daisies
Speaking
And lilies, too. G. You are visiting the primary school
We used to trade them, where you studied classes I to IV,
Saying from me to you. after six years. You get a chance to
go to your standard two classroom
At lunchtime we’d have and you are permitted to sit at the
A picnic in the field. same place where you used to sit.

We’d go get the basket

i. What would you remember?
And eat a good meal.
There were muffins and chocolates ii. Describe your feelings at that time.

And berries, too. iii. Who do you miss very badly , your
We would even get friends or teachers?
A cookie or two.
iv. Share your thoughts with the class.
Oh, the life of the young ones
Was such a beautiful phase.

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Writing

H. On seeing these pictures, you would have gone down your memory
lane. Write a paragraph in about 50 words describing your favourite sport
when you were young.

Think and write.

I. Based on the story and your own ideas write your answers in about
80 to 100 words each.

a. Imagine yourself as the writer. Narrate the story of your visit to your
ancestral house.
b. The man who came to the house gave the cross as a gift to the girl. Why did he
do this? What do you think would have happened if he had taken back the cross
with him?
c. What are the benefits of growing and preserving trees? Use ideas from what you
have read so far and your own ideas.

Creative writing

J. Write a letter to your friend describing your ancestral house.

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Reading

The Spirit of Adventure

K. G
 iven below are four headlines and information about four young National
Bravery Award winners.

Match the headline to the passages and write it in the space provided.

Little Girl: Big Prowess Unlucky Boy Saves Two

Lad Rescues Kin From Leopard Smart Sense Saves Sibling

1. _____________________________

Fourteen-year-old Siya Vamansa Khode from Dharwad, Karnataka risked her

own life to save her 2-year-old brother from certain death due to electrocution. In
April 2015, Siya was playing hide and seek with her cousins when she decided to go
to the rooftop. The toddler followed her; but after playing for a while she suddenly
realised that her brother was nowhere to be seen.  Horrified to find him in contact
with a live wire, she held him by his shirt (she knew touching him directly meant
risking her own death) and pulled him away to safety. For her exemplary thinking,
she was awarded the National Bravery Award.

2. _____________________________

When 15-year-old Sumit Mamgain’s older cousin Ritesh was being dragged away
by a leopard at Manoharpur in Uttarakhand, he told Sumit to run away and save his
life. But the brave lad decided to fight the leopard and save his cousin’s life. Holding
its tail, he hit it with a sickle. When the leopard charged towards him, he kept pelting
stones at the animal till it finally ran away. For his exemplary courage, Mamgain was
awarded the Sanjay Chopra Award.

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3. _____________________________

On May 19, 2016, 9-year-old Tarh Peeju drowned while saving her friends
Phassang Marry and Tarh Charu when they attempted to cross Pachin River in
Naharlagun. A Class IV student at Alphabet Public School in Nirjuli, Tarh jumped
into the turbulent river and dragged both Marry and Charu to safety. However,
she herself was submerged and swept downstream by the strong current of the
river.  Displaying unbelievable  courage, Tarh sacrificed her life in saving her friends
and was posthumously conferred the Bharat Award (the top honour at the National
Bravery Awards).

4. _____________________________

On July 22, 2003, 11-year-old Kandha Kumar of Karur district in Tamil Nadu was
returning home in his school van. The van broke down in the middle of an unmanned
level crossing and seeing the train approaching, the van driver panicked and fled,
leaving seven school children trapped. The class VII boy immediately jumped off the
van and rescued two children. But, while he was trying to help other children, the
train rammed into the van killing Kandha Kumar, three children and a helper. For his
valiant act, he was awarded the National Bravery Award posthumously.

I. I n pairs, discuss what is common about all these incidents you have just
read. Complete the chart below with the characteristic features of an act of
bravery. (One example is given for you.)

Selflessness

Act Of Bravery

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Read the following passage about 3. Mountain climbing requires proper

mountaineering. training, skill and knowledge. The
climbers must be well-equipped. They
Scaling Heights must be in good physical condition and
should possess courage, perseverance
1. Mountains have a great fascination for
and power of endurance. They should
men and people. Mountain climbing,
carry with them maps, compasses
however, is not without risks. It is a
and other equipment so that they are
challenge to the unconquerable spirit of
able to find out where they are in the
man and his love of adventure. That it is
absence of any tracks. They must travel
a dangerous sport cannot be denied. As
through dense woods as they approach
one climbs higher and higher, breathing
a mountain and then climb steep rocks.
becomes more and more difficult. Some
Near the summit of a high peak, the
climbers, therefore, carry a heavy
climbers have to move over snow fields
apparatus from which they inhale oxygen.
and glaciers. In dangerous areas they
use ropes to tie themselves in groups.

4. The climbers carry with them packs

loaded with first-aid supplies, food
and extra clothing for sudden changes
of weather. They display spirit of
sportsmanship and fellow-feeling and
face the severe risks of life undaunted.
Mountain climbing is a common sport
in Europe. There are mountaineering
clubs where training in mountaineering is
imparted.
2. Mountain climbing is dangerous in the
extreme. There are snow storms and
blizzards. It is difficult to walk through the
A research team discovered in
snow. It is still more difficult to climb on
1994 that Everest continues to grow
ice because it is difficult to keep foothold
approximately 4mm every year due
and cut steps with axes in order to make
to geological uplift.
progress. The cold is so severe that the
climber’s skin, feet, toes, fingers and
tissues freeze, become numb and they 5. There are high peaks in India and
may suffer frostbite. The most serious there have been successful expeditions
difficulty is the climber at a high altitude to scale these highest peaks.
gets exhausted with a little effort. After the conquest of the Everest

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by Tensing and Hillary in 1953, the deserve all praise for their courage and
Mountaineering Institute at Darjeeling heroism. In recent years Mt. Everest has
was established to develop interest in been scaled several times by foreign
mountain-climbing among the Indians. climbers. India too has organized several
Expeditions have been sent to climb the expeditions to Everest. Lately an Indian
highest peaks in the country. Sherpa scaled the Everest without the
use of oxygen. Mrs. Bachchendri Pal also
6. Mountain climbing is a thrilling succeeded in scaling the Everest. She is
adventure. It brings into play the heroic the first Indian woman to do it.
qualities of humankind. Mountaineers

You can use a variety of reading strategies to help you understand a text better. Your
teacher will now explain how to ‘skim ‘and ‘scan’ a text for information.

You can skim to CAT UP A TREE? CHIMP IN A CHIMNEY

find out what Fire crews in the capital had to help
it is all about 620 animals last year. The fire brigade
says if an animal is stuck call the SPCA
first.

Unusual rescues
Unusual rescues include a chimp in a chimney, a parrot trapped
You can scan to in a cage, an iguana stuck on a roof and a hamster trapped
look for important in a disabled lift. Fire crew also rescued a cat stuck in a tree
information branch and a snake at a restaurant.

M. B
 ased on your reading answer the following questions in a sentence or
two.

GRIPFIRE Is mountaineering a dangerous sport?. Why? (para 1)

GRIPFIRE What is frostbite? (para 2)
GRIPFIRE What are the qualities of a good climber? (para 3)
GRIPFIRE What do climbers carry with them? (para 4)
GRIPFIRE Where are the highest peaks in India? (para 5)
GRIPFIRE What qualities of humankind are brought out by this adventurous sport? (para 6)
GRIPFIRE Why do mountaineers deserve praise? (para 6)
GRIPFIRE What kind of visitors does Mt. Everest get? (para 6)

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N. Here is a story about a holiday adventure. The paragraphs are jumbled.

Rearrange them to form a meaningful story.

A Holiday Adventure
A: Riya’s family had a C: One day Riya and
B: She saw water and
nice little holiday home Jody took a boat from
dolphins all around."How
near the sea-shore. The the beach to a small
deep!" she thought.
weather was fine and the island. It was a nice
children went swimming small rowing boat.
every day. E: Riya wanted to row
back but she lost her F: While they were
balance and fell into the rowing along the
D: “Did you see that! coastline, a strong
water. Jody started to cry
That dolphin saved your wind caught the boat
and didn’t know what to
life!“ shouted Jody when and took it out to the
do. "Uh!" cried Jody. Riya
she was back in their open sea.
couldn’t swim! “Help!
boat. “I can’t believe Help!” cried Jody.
it”, said Riya. And they
rowed back to the beach
as fast as they could. Finish the story on your own!
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
G: Her leg was caught
………………………………………………………………….....
in seaweed! Just then, a ...............................................................................................
dolphin quickly came to ...............................................................................................
rescue her. The dolphin
took Riya on its mouth Put the texts Identify and write down the words!
and took her up to the in the correct
beachseasandsuntoweloceanswim
boat. It made a loud order!
waveumbrellasunglassesrelax
noise and swam away. 1 = text …. funswimsuitsboatsuntanseashells
2 = text …. icecreamcoastseaweedsurfing
H: Last summer Riya 3 = text …. …………………………………..…………
spent her holidays 4 = text …. …………………………..…………………
together with her 5 = text …. …………………..…………………………
parents and her little 6 = text …. ……………..………………………………
brother. They went 7 = text …. ……..………………………………………
to the coast. 8 = text …. ………………………………………..……

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Poster Making

Posters are a mixture of notices, advertisements, and invitations. They may be in the
form of large hoardings to be put up on walls, or the size of handbills and charts to be
displayed on notice boards. Hence, they have to be captivating, attractive and persua-
sive so as to influence a large number of people.

Script Your Adventure Catchy Caption

Visual
TREKKING KAYAKING RAPPELLING

ZIP-LINE ROCK CLIMBING

SUMMER CAMP AT OOTY

Adherence to world-class safety standards

Under the supervision of certified and experinced
Outdoor educators, survival experts and naturalists Adventure
Sports
Contact: Antony - +91 9677101078 Issuing
Or visit: www.tamilnadutourism.org/Adventure-tour.html
Authority

O .The Adventure Club of your school is organising an expedition to

Kolli hills. Design an attractive poster for the same, giving relevant
details. (The following table will help you design your poster.)

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Layout Content Expression

Telegram-plane Visually Attractive Telegram-plane Themes/Subject Telegram-plane O
 rganising and
Telegram-plane Catchy title? Telegram-plane D
 escription/deatils sequencing of content
Telegram-plane Sketch on simple visuals related to the theme Telegram-plane Appropriate language
Telegram-plane F
 onts of different shapes Telegram-plane Date-time-venue Telegram-plane Creativity
and size Telegram-plane N
 ame of Issuing
authority/ organisation

Grammar

Degrees of Comparison

Comparison can be made using the three forms of an adjective.

Adjective is a word that describes or qualifies a noun. It gives more information about
a noun.
eg. The tiger is a strong animal. Meena is a girl.

There are three degrees of comparison (1) Positive (2) Comparative (3) Superlative 
eg. Kumar is a kind man. 
eg. A tsunami is more destructive than a cyclone. 
eg. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.

Read the following examples

Positive Comparative Superlative

No other girl in the class Ramya is taller than any Ramya is the tallest girl
is as tall as Ramya. other girl in the class. in the class.
Very few girls in the class Ramya is taller than most Ramya is one of the
are as tall as Ramya. other girls in the class. tallest girls in the class.

The Positive Degree is used to express or describe a quality.

The Positive Degree of an adjective states the characteristic of the noun.

Telegram-plane It is a tall building.
Telegram-plane Mango is sweet to taste.

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The Comparative Degree is used when two things (or two sets of things) are
compared.

Telegram-plane This building is taller than any other building.

Telegram-plane Mango is sweeter than pineapple.

The Superlative Degree is used when more than two things are compared.

Telegram-plane This is the tallest building.

Telegram-plane Mango is the sweetest fruit.
Examples

Telegram-plane Prabhu is young. (Positive Degree)

Telegram-plane Prabhu is younger than Amirtha. (Comparative Degree)
Telegram-plane Prabhu is the youngest of all. (Superlative Degree)

A. W
 ork with a partner and fill in the table with information about your locality.
You may add more information, if necessary. When you finish filling the
table, write a short paragraph comparing the two places.

Locality Your Place Your Partner's Place

Telegram-plane proximity to the railway station

Telegram-plane proximity to the airport

Telegram-plane number of malls

Telegram-plane number of temples

Telegram-plane important heritage centres

Telegram-plane sea, lakes, rivers or ponds

Telegram-plane traffic

Telegram-plane

Telegram-plane

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B. G
 ive your opinion and compare the items in each picture using -er, more,
less, or an irregular form. Use the words. You may form your sentences in
more than one way.

1. healthy, wholesome, calorific

(a)____________________________________________________
(b)____________________________________________________
(c)____________________________________________________

2. eco-friendly, economical, safer

(a)____________________________________________________
(b)____________________________________________________
(c)____________________________________________________

3. low cost, effectual, nourishing

(a)____________________________________________________
(b)____________________________________________________
(c)____________________________________________________

4. educational, interesting, trendy

(a)____________________________________________________
(b)____________________________________________________
(c)____________________________________________________

5. safe, comfortable, quick

(a)____________________________________________________
(b)____________________________________________________
(c)____________________________________________________

6. heavy, simple, common

(a)____________________________________________________
(b)____________________________________________________
(c)____________________________________________________

7. cozy, costly, sturdy

(a)____________________________________________________
(b)____________________________________________________
(c)____________________________________________________

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C. Look at the bar-graph. Write five sentences using the appropriate de-
grees of comparison.

Adventure Sports in India

35%

30%

25%
Popularity Index

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
Paragliding Rafting Rock Climbing Bungee Jumping Surfing

2001 2017

D. *
 Listen to the conversation E. Just a Minute
between Leena and her mother
The class will be divided into groups of
and list down a few new words.
five. Each one of you will get a topic to
Using a dictionary find out the
speak on, which will be related to the
meaning for those words.
theme of the unit. A preparation time of
New Word Meaning one minute will be given. Then, you have
to speak for one minute continuously.
able to adapt to
Versatile The teacher will ring the bell to signal the
different activities
end of a minute. Next person in the team
will take over.

The challenges of the one minute

speech are to speak without

Telegram-plane h
 esitation, stuttering and stammering.
Telegram-plane pauses, gesticulations and repetitions.
Telegram-plane deviating from the topic.

*Listening text is on Page No. 219

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F. Work with a partner.Match the words and pictures by writing the numbers
in the space provided.Use an encyclopedia to find out more about these
adventure sports.

Name of S.
Images S.No the Sport How it is played!
No
It is an activity that involves jumping from
Bungee
1 a tall structure while connected to a large
Jumping
elastic cord.
It is also known as powered paragliding,
Hang
2 enables you to fly like a bird with the help
Gliding
of a powered paraglider.
Jet A small machine like a motorcycle that can
3
Skiing travel on the surface of water.
It is a wind powered surface watersport
Kite
4 using a kite and a board to move across
Surfing
the water.
It is an air sport in which a pilot flies
Para
5 a light, non-motorized, foot-launched,
Motoring
heavier-than-air aircraft.
Rock An activity in which participants climb up,
6
Climbing down or across rocks or artificial rock walls.
Scuba It is a form of underwater diving where the
7
Diving diver uses a breathing apparatus.

Now, read this hilarious anecdote from Rome. Mr Scotti decided to find their home
the life of a journalist and enjoy. without their help.On his journey round
the city,Mr Scotti asked a policeman to tell
1. In 1977, Mr .Nicholas Scotti,a journalist
him the way to the bus station .Mr Scotti
from San Francisco,flew from America
asked him in Italian .Luckily, the policeman
to Italy to visit some cousins.The plane
was an Italian from Naples, Italy and
stopped for an hour in JFK Airport in New
could reply in the same language.
York. Mr Scotti thought he was at Rome
Airport and got off the plane. Of course 3. On the next day, after 12 hours of
his cousins were not there to meet him. travelling round by buses, Mr Scotti was
surprised that the policemen and drivers
2. Mr. Scotti spent two days in New york
speak in English. A policeman tried to tell
believing he was in Rome. In their letters
him that he was in New york, but Mr Scotti
his cousins always talked about the traffic
didn’t believe it and even got angry.
problems and the famous building in

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G. C
 omplete the following table with I. H
 ave you experienced any
information from the anecdote unexpected turn of events in your
about Mr Scotti’s short trip. life? What happened? How did you
feel about it at that moment? How
Name Nicholas Scotti
do you feel about it now? Write an
Occupation
article for your school magazine
Reason for his trip
describing your experience in
Means of transport
about 150 words.
Destination
_________________________________
H. Circle the best option.
_________________________________
1. I n New York Mr Scotti left the plane _________________________________
because he thought he _________________________________
(a) had to change the plane. _________________________________
(b) was in Rome. _________________________________
(c) had to phone his cousins. _________________________________
(d) changed his mind. _________________________________
_________________________________
2. H
 e decided to find his cousins’ home _________________________________
without their help. He asked the _________________________________
policeman for information in Italian _________________________________
because he _________________________________
(a) thought he was in Italy. _________________________________
(b) knew the policeman. _________________________________
(c) didn’t speak any other language. _________________________________
(d) liked the language. _________________________________
_________________________________
3. O
n the next day, Mr Scotti was
_________________________________
__________ at how the local people
_________________________________
responded to his queries.
_________________________________
(a) surprised _________________________________
(b) unhappy _________________________________
(c) glad _________________________________
(d) upset _________________________________
_________________________________
4. C
 ircle three words that best describe
_________________________________
Mr.Scotti
_________________________________
clever / unlucky / stupid / successful /
_________________________________
miserable / happy
_______________________________.
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Non-Finite Verbs
.
A non-finite verb (also known as a verbal) is the term used to describe a verb that
does not indicate tense. The non-finite verbs are called gerunds, infinitives, and par-
ticiples.

Finite verb Non-Finite verb

A verb that indicates tense and A verb that does not indicate tense and
changes according to the subject does not change according to the subject

Finite verb:

Finite verbs change tense and number according to the subject.

Arun invited Sujith to his daughter’s birthday.

Her friends presented the girl with a toy.
His friend presented a watch.

 on-finite verbs have no subject and do not change according to the tense or number.
N
Non-finite verbs are broadly classified as follows:

i. Gerunds 1. Walking is a healthy habit

(Present participle used as a noun)
ii. Infinitive 2. I like to walk early in the morning.
(to infinitive)
iii. Present participle 3. These are my walking shoes.
(Present participle used as an adjective)
iv. Past participle 4. Having walked a long distence I felt tired

J. Look at the action words in bold. Identify whether they are either finite or
non-finite verb.
They want to try a new approach.
Trying is easy.
Having tried everything , he gave up
All I can do is try.
If she tried, she would succeed.

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Infinitives And Gerunds Telegram-plane T

 o wait seemed foolish when decisive
action was required.(subject)
 he infinitive is often called a
T
Telegram-plane Everyone wanted to go. (direct object)
‘to verb’
Telegram-plane H
 is ambition is to fly. (subject
complement)
Telegram-plane H
 e lacked the strength to resist.
SUBJECT I can function as (adjective)
a subject.
Telegram-plane We must study to learn.(adverb)

To swim is a good exercise. Gerunds

A gerund is an action word that ends

in –ing and functions as a noun

OBJECT I can function as

an object. K. Read the following pairs of
sentences
I like to swim. Telegram-plane T ravelling might satisfy your desire
for new experiences.
Infinitives may be used without to and
Telegram-plane 
The study abroad program might
we call such infinitives a plain infinitive or
satisfy your desire for new experiences.
a bare infinitive.
Identify the subject in the first sentence
Eg. She made me do my project. _______________ .

We use plain/bare infinitives with these

Telegram-plane T hey do not appreciate my singing.
modals.
Telegram-plane They do not appreciate my assistance.
Identify the direct object in the first
shall will do did would
sentence _________________
may might could must let
make dare need see hear Telegram-plane M y cat’s favourite activity is sleeping.
Telegram-plane My cat’s favourite food is salmon.
The infinitive may function as a subject,
Identify the subject complement in the
direct object, subject complement,
first sentence ______________
adjective, or adverb in a sentence.
Although an infinitive is easy to locate
Telegram-plane T he police arrested him for speeding.
because of the to+verb form, deciding
Telegram-plane The police arrested him for criminal
what function it has in a sentence depends
activity.
on the meaning.
Identify the object of the preposition in
the first sentence________________

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Divya :
Points to remember:
You have helped me to express ‘reason’,
Telegram-plane A
 gerund phrase consists of a ’intention’,’ purpose’.
gerund plus modifier(s), object(s),
and/or complement(s). (I wish to finish my assigment by tonight.)

Gerund :
Dinesh and Deepa have been Do you know, after verbs like ‘begin’,’

assigned homework on non finites.They love’,’ continue’, ‘try’, ‘learn’, ‘start’,
are not sure when to use a gerund and ‘neglect’, you can use either of us?
when to use an infinitive. They decide to
Infinitive :
meet their teacher and get their doubts
But remember we mean different things
cleared. The teacher introduces them to
when used after ‘stop’.
Mr.Gerund and Ms.Infinitive.

L. You may role-play the Dinesh :

conversation. Divya,When we saw Rajesh at the mall,
I stopped to talk to him.Why didn’t you
Teacher : wait?
This is Mr.Gerund.You may have seen
him after these verbs ‘enjoy’, ‘finish’, Divya :
‘keep’, ‘mind’, ’suggest’, ’forgive’, ’excuse’, Don’t you know I stopped talking to
‘postpone’,’go’ him?

Gerund : Gerund :
I come after a Preposition too. I am also used after these phrases –‘It’s
Teacher : no use ‘ , ‘It’s no good‘
Mr.Gerund comes in handy to describe a
Dinesh and Divya :
real action.
Thank you , mam. Bye Mr.Gerund and
Infinitive : Ms.Infinitive.
Hello friends, I am Infinitive. Words such
as ‘like’, ‘refuse’ are followed by me.

Dinesh :
I know you. I take your help to describe
a general or future action.

(I think I need to get up early tomorrow

to complete my grammar exercise.)

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M. Now, work in pairs and help Dinesh and Divya complete the exercise
given below.

Where are the astronauts headed to?

1. Write the gerund/infinitive form of the verbs in the blanks.

1. The astronauts managed ___________ (complete) their training in record
time.
2. They learned how __________ (survive) in space without gravity.
3. The best astronaut almost quit _________ (try) to learn the complex
information.
4. Their mission appeared __________ (be) in jeopardy.
5. Then Marina encouraged him by saying, "It’s no good __________ (quit) the
project right at the end."
6. Being an astronaut will enable you __________ (achieve) great success in life.
7. If you give up ____________ (study) now, our mission will be scrubbed.
8. Think of your fellow astronauts who wouldn’t hesitate __________ (help) you
in time of trouble.
9. We astronauts must keep on _______________ (prepare) for our space launch.
10. Some say it’s no use _____________ (travel) to distant planets, because it
takes too long.
11. But we really want ____________ (visit) other planets and find
out if life exists on them.
12. Can you imagine ___________ (walk) up to a Martian and shaking
hands and ____________ (say), “Hello, how are you? “

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13. We really look forward

_____________ (meet) alien
creatures and ________ (find)
out what they are really like.
14. Many scientists have warned us
not _____________ (take) this
dangerous journey, but we are
not discouraged.
15. Travelling to far away planets involves ____________ (risk) our lives for the
thrill of discovery.
16. However we won’t delay ____________ (blast) off into space.
17. Would you like __________ (accompany) us on our journey if you could?
18. During our training we have got used to ___________ (be) weightless and
___________ (live) under difficult conditions.
19. Scientists admit to __________ (be) intensely curious about life on other
planets.
20. I’m sure they would also enjoy __________ (travel) with our crew.
21. We told them ____________ (come) with us on our trip, but some of them
think it is a waste of time ____________ (search) for life that doesn’t exist.
22. We have been taught how __________ (endure) hardships during our trai-
ning and now we can’t afford __________ (waste) money.
We’re on our way!

Which planet are the astronauts heading to first? Add the infinitives.
Neptune-10 Venus-09 Mars-18 Jupiter-11

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Poem
A Poison Tree
William Blake
Warm Up
A. C
 hoose the option that suits your realise the car is outside but your brother/
own behavior in the given situa-
tions. Compare your answers with sister has gone to work, taking the keys!.
a partner's answers. How angry does that make you feel?

1. You overhear a friend talking badly  I don’t feel angry at all.
about you. How angry does that make  I feel moderately angry.
you feel?  I feel slightly annoyed.
 I don’t feel angry at all.  I feel very angry.
 I feel moderately angry.  I feel a little angry.
 I feel slightly annoyed.  I feel furious.
 I feel very angry.
4. During a get together, your friend
 I feel a little angry.
makes fun of your singing in front of
 I feel furious.
your friends. You thought your singing
was fine, but your friend thinks you really
2. Your friend persuades you to take
need to practice much more. How angry
help to prepare for the Maths board
does that make you feel?
examination, from a close friend. That
person does not turn up at all, as agreed.  I don’t feel angry at all.
How angry does that make you feel?  I feel moderately angry.
 I don’t feel angry at all.  I feel slightly annoyed.
 I feel moderately angry.  I feel very angry.
 I feel slightly annoyed.  I feel a little angry.
 I feel very angry.  I feel furious.
 I feel a little angry.
B. A
 nswer the following questions.
 I feel furious. Share your views with the class

3. You have agreed to pick up some Telegram-plane D

 o you argue often with your
friends at the train station. They are classmates ?
coming to stay with you for a few days. Telegram-plane D
 o you forgive them or choose to
You’ve arranged with your elder brother/ remain enemies forever?
sister to drive the car for the day. You Telegram-plane How long does your anger last?
are about to leave the house when you
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Read the poem with your partner and then answer the questions that follow.

A Poison Tree

1. I was angry with my friend;

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.
I was angry with my foe:
I told it not, my wrath did grow.

5. And I water’d it in fears,

Night and morning with my tears:
And I sunned it with smiles,
And with soft deceitful wiles.

9. And it grew both day and night,

Till it bore an apple bright .
And my foe beheld it shine,
And he knew that it was mine.

13. And into my garden stole,

When the night had veiled the pole;
In the morning glad I see,
My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

William Blake

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About the author

William Blake (1757 – 1827) was an English Poet,
painter and print maker. Blake is now considered a
seminal figure in the history of English poetry.He was
born in London. He was a boldly imaginative rebel
in both his thought and his art. Some of his famous
poems are “The Lamb” and “The Tiger”.

Glossary ii. Who is the ‘foe’ referred to here?

iii. Why was the ‘foe’ found lying
wrath (n.) - anger outstretched beneath the tree?
foe (n.) - enemy
deceitful (adj.) - 4. And it grew both day and night,

cunning, Till it bore an apple bright.

treacherous
i. Who does ‘it’ refer to?
wiles (n.) - tricks
ii. What does ‘apple’ signify?
veiled (v.) - covered
iii. What grew both day and night?
C. A
 nswer the following questions in
a sentence or two. D. Complete the summary by filling
in the given spaces with suitable
1. I was angry with my friend
words.
I told my wrath ‘my wrath did end.
Once the poet was angry with
i. Who does ‘I’ refer to?
his friend. He expressed his (i)
ii. How did the anger of the poet ________________ and it ended. They
come to an end? became friendly but when he grew angry
iii. Write a synonym for ‘wrath’. with his foe, he (ii) _______________ it
and allowed his anger to grow. Day and
2. A
 nd I watered it in fears
night he watered it with his tears allowing
Night and morning with my tears;
it to grow. He (iii) ___________ his foe
i. What does ‘it’ refer to? with false smiles and cunning tricks. The
ii. How is ‘it’ watered? tree kept growing and yielded a bright
apple which (iv) ___________ his foe to
3. I n the morning glad I see eating it stealthily during the night. The
My foe outstretched beneath the tree next morning the poet was happy to see
i. How did the poet feel in the his foe lying (v) _________ under the tree.
morning?
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E. Answer the following questions 2. A

 nd I watered it in fears
in about 80-100 words Night and morning with my tears;

1. How did the poet’s anger with his i. What figure of speech is used
friend end? in ‘watered it in fears’?
2. Describe how his anger kept
*Listening
growing.
H. Listen to your teacher reading out
3. Describe the effect of the poisonous
the tips on anger management.
fruit on the ‘enemy’.
(The script can be either read out
F. Poem appreciation by the teacher or student, or re-
corded and played more than once
Figures of Speech
as required).Listen and match the
sentence parts by drawing a line.
There is alliteration
in the line : And
1 a. who will take
I sunned it with Pick out at least Meditation is
care of the
smiles. two instances of definitely a great
reason why you
The sound /s/ is alliteration from technique .......
got angry ?
repeated in the the poem.
2 There is a person b. to know how
words ‘sunned’ and
living inside you to handle it is a
‘smiles’.
............. virtue.

G. R
 ead the following lines from the 3 Getting angry
poem and answer the questions c. to calm your
is natural but
that follow. inner self.
..............
1. I was angry with my friend; 4 Anger is
I told my wrath, my wrath did end. d. speak to your
something that
I was angry with my foe self and calm
releases the
I told it not, my wrath did grow. yourself.
tension ............

i. Pick out the rhyming words. 5 e. who always

Close your eyes
ii. What is the rhyme scheme of tells you how to
and ...........
the stanza? act.
iii. Identify the figure of speech in
the title of the poem.

*Listening text is on Page No. 220

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I. A
 nswer the following in about 80- Read and Enjoy
100 words. Take ideas from the
The Power of a Smile
poem and also use your own ideas.
The power of a sun can kill
1. Recall a recent situation when
you became angry. What were the And the power of foe can burn
consequences of your anger? After The power of wind can chill
listening to the guidelines on anger And the power of mind can learn
management, find out how well you could The power of anger can rage
have handled the situation. Write your
Inside until it tears you apart
findings.
But the power of a smile
2. What might have caused the conflict Especially yours can heal a frozen heart
which led to the poet becoming angry with
-Tupac Shakur,
his enemy? Think of one such situation
An American Musician
that you have experienced. Describe
how you felt and how the enmity grew
and things became worse.

J. Discuss and Write.

a. Identify five to six qualities which make

an ordinary person, loved and respected
by all. Work in groups of five or six. Each
group has to take up one quality and Different types of laughter
discuss the methods for imbibing that  Smirk.  Laugh
quality and identify the challenges that  Smile.  Cackle
need to be faced.
 Grin.  Guffaw.
b. Recall an incident when you were  Snicker.  Howl.
angry with someone. How did you feel  Giggle.  Shriek.
then? How did you overcome it?  Chuckle.  Convulse.
 Chortle.  Die laughing.
c. Adolescents are often distracted by
feelings like anger, disappointment and
general helplessness when they face
challenges at school or at home. Suggest
way to turn such feelings into positive
ones.

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Supplementary

The Envious Neighbour

Discuss the following.

Warm up

1. R
 atan Tata, Azim Premji are a few rich people of India who spend a part of
their wealth on charity. What influences them to share and care for others?
2. T
 hink of any undesirable quality that you would like to get rid of and discuss
it with your friends.
3. Do you like pets? Why?

Now read the Japanese folk tale about 2. Now, in the neighbouring house
two neighbours. there dwelt a covetous and stingy old
couple, who when they heard what
1. In the old, old days, there lived an
honest man with his wife, who had a pet
dog, which they used to feed with fish
and tit-bit from their own kitchen. One
day, as the old folks went out to work
in their garden, the dog went with them,
and began playing about. All of a sudden,
the dog stopped short, and began to
bark, “Bow, wow, wow!” wagging his tail
violently.

had happened, came and borrowed

The old people thought that there
the dog and having taken him home,
must be something nice to eat under the
prepared a great feast for him, and said—
ground, so they brought a spade and
“If you please, Mr. Dog, we should be
began digging, when, lo and behold! The
much obliged to you if you would show
place was full of gold pieces and silver,
us a place with plenty of money in it.”
and all sorts of precious things, which
had been buried there. So, they gathered 3. The dog, however, who up to that time
the treasure and after giving alms to the had received nothing but cuffs and kicks
poor, bought themselves rice-fields and from his hosts, would not eat any of the
corn-fields, and became wealthy people. dainties which they set before him; so,
the old people began to get cross, and,
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putting a rope around the dog’s neck, led

him out into the garden. But it was all in
Dogs were
vain; he let them lead him where they
domesticated from
might, not a sound would the dog utter.
wolves 15,000 years
He had no “bow-wow” for them. At last,
ago. New evidence
however, the dog stopped at a certain
suggests that dogs
spot, and began to sniff. So, thinking that
were first domesticated in East Asia,
this must surely be the lucky place, they
possibly China. Over time, hundreds
dug, and found nothing but a quantity
of breeds with a great degree of
of dirt and nasty offal, over which they
variation have come into being.
had to hold their noses. Furious at being
disappointed, the wicked old couple
seized the dog, and killed him.
When the wicked old couple saw this,
4. When the good old man saw that the they came to borrow the mortar; but no
dog, whom he had lent, did not come sooner did they try to use it, all their rice
home, he went next door to ask what had turned into filth; so, in a fit of rage, they
become of him; and the wicked old man broke the mortar and burnt it. But the
answered that he had killed the dog and good old man, little suspecting that his
buried him at the root of a pine-tree; so precious mortar had been broken and
the good old fellow, with a heavy heart, burnt, wondered why his neighbours
went to the spot, and having set out a did not bring it back to him.
tray with delicate food, he burnt incense,
and adorned the grave with flowers, as 7. One night the dog appeared to him
he shed tears over his lost pet. again in a dream, and told him what had
happened, adding that if he would take
5. That night, when the good old man the ashes of the burnt mortar and sprinkle
was fast asleep in bed, the dog appeared them on withered trees, the trees would
to him, and, after thanking him for all revive, and
his kindness, said “Cause the pine-tree, suddenly put
under which, I am buried, to be cut out flowers.
down and made into a mortar, and use it, After saying
thinking of it as if it were myself.” this the dream
vanished, and
6. The old man did as the dog had told the old man,
him to do, and made a mortar out of who heard for
the wood of the pine-tree; but when the first time
he ground his rice in it, each grain of of the loss of
rice turned into some rich treasure. his mortar, ran
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out weeping to the neighbours’ house, reviving dead trees, and causing them to
and begged them, at any rate, to give flower. He had not to wait long before he
him back the ashes of his treasure. was called into the prince’s palace, and
ordered to exhibit his power.
Having obtained it, he returned
home, and made a trial of their virtues 9. But when he climbed up into a withered
upon a withered cherry tree, which, upon tree, and began to scatter the ashes, not
being touched by the ashes, immediately a bud or flower appeared; but the ashes
began to sprout and blossom. When he all flew into the prince’s eyes and mouth,
saw this wonderful effect, he put the blinding and choking him. When the
ashes into a basket, and went about the prince’s retainers saw this, they seized
country, announcing himself as an old the old man, and beat him almost to
man who had the power of bringing dead death, so that he crawled off home in a
trees to life again. very sorry plight. When he and his wife
found out what a trap they had fallen
8. A certain prince, hearing of this, and into, they scolded themselves.
thinking it a mighty strange thing, sent for
the old fellow, who showed his power by
causing all the withered plum and cherry
trees to shoot out and put forth flowers.
So, the prince gave him a rich reward
of pieces of silk and cloth and other
presents, and sent him home rejoicing.

Dogs in warfare have a long and

checkered history. From war dogs
trained in combat to their use as
scouts, sentries and trackers, their
uses have been varied and some
continue to exist in modern military
usage.

The good old man and woman, as

As soon as the neighbours heard
soon as they heard of their neighbours’
of this they collected all the ashes that
distress, sent for them, and, after
remained, and having put them in a
reproving them for their greed and
basket, the wicked old man went out into
cruelty, gave them a share of their own
the castle town, and gave out that he
riches, which, by repeated strokes of
was the old man who had the power of
luck, had now increased to a goodly sum.
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So, the wicked old people mended their B. B

ased on your understanding
ways, and led good and virtuous lives of the story choose the right
ever after. answers from the given options.

Glossary (i) T
 he old farmer and his wife loved the
dog
tit-bit (n.): (a) b
 ecause it helped them in their
a small piece of tasty day-to-day work.
food (b) as if it was their own baby.
wagged (n.): (c) a
 s they were kind to all living
beings.
 ove or cause to move rapidly to and
m
fro
(ii) W
 hen the old couple became rich,
covetous (adj.): they
having or showing a great desire to (a) gave the dog better food.
possess something belonging to someone
(b) invited their greedy neighbours to
else a feast.
withered (v.): (c) lived a comfortable life and were
become dry and shriveled generous towards their poor
neighbours.
obliged (v.):
make (someone) legally or morally (iii) T
 he greedy couple borrowed the
bound to do something mortar to make
(a) rich pastry and bean sauce.
A. F
ill in the blanks with the new (b) magic ash to win rewards.
words from the glossary and use (c) a pile of gold.
the words only once.
C. A
nswer the following questions
1. O
 n seeing the old man, the dog ______
in a paragraph of about 80 to 100
the tail.
words.
2. T
 he neighbour was a_______ cruel
1. T
 he old farmer was a kind person. Jus-
and superstitious man.
tify the statement with suitable exam-
3. Grass had ______ in the fields. ples from the story.
4. D
 octors are ______________ to take
2. ( i) How did the dog
certain precautions.
help the farmer even
5. W
 hen you are out with your puppy after its death?
always have a ______ in your pocket. (ii) How did it help
him next?
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3. Why did the Prince reward the farmer but punish the neighbour for the same act?

4. B
 ring out the difference between the two neighbours with suitable examples to sup-
port your view.

D. R
 efer to what happens in the folktale and complete the story with the help
of the hints given in the mind map.

(1) T
 here lived an honest man with his wife,
who had a favourite _______________
got a treasure.

(2) T
 here dwelt a covetous and stingy old
man and woman _______________

(3) T
 he wicked old couple seized the
dog, and ___________________

(4) They broke the mortar _______________

(5) T
 hey collected all the ashes that
remained _______________

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ICT Corner
Fun with Degrees

Screen shot of the Game

URL address
https://drive.google.com/
open?id=1SZuh5U2OJlE13b-
Demo Steps
BuMSg3J6lpEDPBBCWe
1. Scan the QR code. It will go to a website.
2. The link for the game will be there.
3. Click the URL and download the game
4. Click play.
5. At Level I choose the write answer to help the bird.
6. At Level II rearrange the words to make sentences.
7. At Level III change the given sentences into positive degree.

Images for the Demo Steps

Download Software /
You can download this game
Application
and play it offline on your
computer

Language activity

1. Write down the sentences you learn.

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Unit 3 Drama
Old Man River
Dorothy Deming

Warm up C. I magine a situation where your house

is surrounded by water and answer the
L ook at these pictures of cyclone, floods, following.
earthquake and tsunami.
i. What health hazards are caused
when water stagnates around your
place?

ii. When there is a power shutdown

for long hours during floods, what
will you do?

iii. What precautions would you take

if there is an announcement about
flooding in your area?

D. L ist out the Human activities which

A. D
 iscuss in pairs for two minutes on any have an impact on nature. Complete the
one of these natural disasters. You may tabular column. One is done for you.
use the following points.
Human Impact on
Telegram-plane Causes  Telegram-plane Damages  Telegram-plane Precautions Activities Nature
1.Dumping of toxic Affects marine life
B. F
 ill the word web with words related to waste into oceans
natural disasters. One example is done 2.Using of
for you. aerosol and air
conditioner
3.Encroaching in
collapse
forest area
4.Disposal of non-
Natural bio degradable
Disasters wastes
5.Emission of
smoke from
industries and
vehicles

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Divide the class into two groups. Allot Rose :

the roles for reading aloud. Start reading (going to the window): How it rains! In
Scene - 1, followed by Scene - 2. sheets, and look! Your backyard is a small
lake.
Characters
Amy :
Amy Marshall - 17 years old
(joining Rose at the window): Gracious!
Betty Marshall - her younger sister I’ve never seen it rain so hard and this is
Rose Field - 16 years old, the third day of it.
the Marshall’s Betty :
neighbour (puts down magazine and runs to the
Sara Field - 9 years old, Rose’s window): Whee..ee! It’s more than a
sister lake, it’s a sea! The radio said the river
was above flood stage this morning–
Jim Hall - 17 years old,
whatever that means.
another neighbour
Mr. Peters - member of the Amy :
Red Cross Disaster It means that the water is above that
Committee white line on the bank at Thompson
Bridge. It must have covered the south
Penny Marsh - Red Cross nurse
meadows and the highway there.
Time : Late afternoon in March
Rose :
Setting: Living room of the Marshall
It isn’t only the rain. It’s the snow
home
melting in the hills in the northern part
Scene - 1 of the state. (The girls return to the ta-
At Rise ble.) Oh, I hope we don’t have a flood
Amy Betty and Rose are sitting around here! (There is a noise of stamping feet
the living room table. Amy and Rose are and someone breathing hard. The girls
knitting. Betty is looking at pictures in a all look to the right, the direction of the
magazine. The stage is not very bright. sounds.)

Rose : Jim Hall :

Goodness, it gets dark early on these (entering from right in shining wet rain
rainy days. Mind if I raise the shade a bit, coat and rain helmet, which he drags
Amy? off as he enters. He is panting.) Gosh,
Amy : girls, it’s a cloudburst! (He kicks off his
No, do, but I guess we need the light rubbers.) I’ve run every step of the way
on, too. (She goes over and puts on the from school to get here. The river is rising
electric light.) fast. The Burnett Dam gave way an hour
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ago they say and it looks bad! Where is in case the town supply is cut off or made
your mother, Amy? unsafe to drink. Mother says she hopes
you will stay and help us, Jim.
Amy :
She took Dick to the dentist and was go- Jim :
ing to stop at Mrs. Brant’s for a recipe That’s just why I came. Amy, I think I’ll
on her way home. She ought to be here look up a lantern and…
soon. Betty :
Jim : And your father? (interrupting) I’ve got a flashlight. I’ll get
it and some candles.
Amy :
In Chicago on business, but why all the Rose :
questions, Jim? (from outside still at the telephone,
with irritation): Central Central! I’m
Jim :
trying to get Main 3022—I can’t – (There
Well, er--- you see ---- (He is interrupted
is a pause and Rose comes to the door,
by the ring of the telephone. Amy exits
her face frightened.) The telephone is
left to answer it. Her voice can be heard
dead! I can’t get Central. There isn’t even
clearly.)
a buzzing on the line!
Amy :
Hello. Yes, Mother – I know. Isn’t it awful? Precipitation in the atmosphere is
How will you get home? Yes, mother, I’m the conversion of water vapour into
listening carefully. (Amy’s voice grows rain. A cloud burst is an unusually
very serious) Yes – yes – yes, I will. No, heavy and rapid precipitation resulting
mother, no, I won’t. Jim Hall is here and in very heavy downpours.
Rose Field too. Yes, all right, I’ll tell them.
Jim :
Goodbye. (Amy returns to the room. She
Means the lines are down between here
is looking very scared.) Mother can’t get
and town! Well, girls, let’s get organized!
home from Mrs. Brant’s. The bridges
Betty, look up your flashlight and candles,
between here and town are under water.
lamps, lanterns or anything you’ve got.
Rose, mother says you are to telephone
Rose, fill the tubs and pails and Amy and
your mother right away and tell her you
I will check on food, blankets and coats.
will spend the night here.
Better get out the first-aid kit. Everyone
Rose : make it snappy! (Rose and Betty exit
I will. That will be fun! (hurries from the room) left. Jim turns to Amy.) This is serious.
Amy, I don’t want to scare you, but your
Amy : house is in the direct line of the river. If
Betty, you and I are to fill all the bowls, the dam has given way – (he goes to the
tubs, pails and pitchers with fresh water
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window.) Well, if it has, you can see for Rose :

yourself that it means we can’t get out (entering left) I’ve got enough fresh
by the main road and we are already cut water to last us a week! Who will send a
off from the south side. Look! (He points boat for us, Jim, and from where? (She
out of the window. Amy joins him. She goes to the window, screams) Horrors!
gasps.) Look at the river!

Amy : Amy :
Jim! The water is up around the garage! I Hush, Rose. Don’t tell the others. Jim
thought it was just a pool in the garden, says we will be all right. Let’s see what
but it’s — it’s — Jim (soberly): The river. food we have on hand.
Yes, Ay, that’s old man river himself
Betty :
creeping up to your door. (Jim and Amy
(entering left) Here are lights. Did you
watch it a moment. Amy shudders.)
say food? Hark, what’s that? (All four
Amy : Oh, Jim, I’m scared! stand perfectly still, listening. From far
off a child’s voice is heard.)
Jim :
(placing a hand on her shoulder) Steady, Sara : Ro-ose! It’s me! Sara!
old pal! We’ve been through bad things
Rose :
before and come out safely. Remember
Sara! Where is she? (All turn to the
the school fire? First thing, we must not
window.)
let the others see how scared we are.
Next, get all the things you can togeth- Amy :
er here: water, food, blankets, coats, There she is! On the playhouse porch.
lights. I’m glad I served on the Junior How did she get there?
Red Cross emergency squad during the
war! It’s too bad you live in a bungalow
instead of a two-storey house, but we
can always climb into the attic and onto
the roof.

Amy :
(still staring out the window) How fast is
the river raising, do you think, Jim?

Jim :
If you experience an emergency of any
I don’t know and it might stop before it
kind, accidents or natural disasters
reaches us. If only the rain would let up!
anywhere in India, the number you
We will signal for help from the roof. They
should call is 108.
will send a boat or something.

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Rose : she says this, the lights go out. They all

Followed me here, probably, she loves gasp and Betty screams.)
that playhouse, the little monkey!
Jim :
Jim : (trying to sound casual) Power house
(goes out calling) Stay where you are. must be out of commission. Light your
Sara, I’ll get you. candles, Betty. (Betty switches on the
flashlight, lights three candles.)
Amy :
It’s lucky the playhouse is on high ground. Amy :
I’m glad we have an oil stove for cooking.
Rose :
(still at the window) But it isn’t. Look Rose :
it’s nearly afloat! (The girls gather at (taking a candle) Forward march to
the window.) There goes Jim. Look, the the kitchen! (Betty takes a candle and
water is above his knees. follows, with Sara trailing, all exit right,
humming ‘Tramp, tramp, tramp the boys
Amy : are marching’)
He will need dry clothes. See if you can
find some of Dad’s things for Jim, Betty. Jim :
Sara can have Dick’s. (in a low voice to Amy) The river was up
another foot, Amy. Another hour and that
Rose : playhouse would have been floating out
There! He’s got her! in the current. At this rate the floor here
Amy : will be under water by morning.
I’ll make some hot cocoa for every- Amy :
one. (There is a thumping and voices at What will we do then, Jim? Neither Sara
the right and Jim enters carrying Sara nor Betty is a strong swimmer.
pickaback. Sara is beaming.)
Jim :
Sara : I’m going to climb out on the roof and
Hello, everybody! That was fun! Ride start waving the flashlight. Someone will
some more, please Jim! see it and come for us.

Jim : Amy :
No, young lady, that’s enough. You’re But who? No one is on the main road and
heavy. She is dry as a bone. there are no houses within sight of us.
That will be just a pinpoint of light. Aren’t
Rose: I’m not!
you scared?
Amy : You can have some of Dad’s things.
Jim : You bet! Are you?
I’m going to get us some supper – (As

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covered with the blanket, in a big chair.

Amy, Rose and Betty have three candles
on the table. Betty is trying to read.

Betty :
[Putting down her book with a thud]
I can’t read by this light. How do you
suppose our grandmothers ever did?

Rose :
Amy : Terrified. But I’m glad you’re here.
I don’t believe they tried to read. I guess
Jim : they went to bed when it grew dark.
We’ll see it through. If we just keep our
Amy :
heads.
Maybe we ought to go to bed. It’s nearly
- Curtain -
eleven, but I couldn’t sleep a wink.
E. D
 iscuss with your partner and answer
Betty : Nor I.
the following questions
1. W
 hat were the girls doing in the living Rose :
room? Nor I. Listen, what’s that noise? [All three
listen. Rose, running to the window and
2. W
 hy was Mother not able to come
peering out] I can’t see a thing. It's pitch
home?
dark. It sounded like something bumping
3. H
 ow did Jim want the girls to ‘get
against the house.
organised’?
4. W
 hich two important things did Jim Mr. Peter :
want the girls to do to avoid getting (Still outside): Mr. Marshal, are you all
scared? right? This is Tom Peters and Miss Marsh,
the Red Cross nurse. We’re here in a boat.
5. W
 here did Jim want the girls to climb
up? How was it going to help them? Jim :
6. Who went to get Sara? Where was she? Row around to the back porch. You can
get in there. (There is a bumping of
Scene - 2 the boat against wood. Voices): ‘Steady
Time : An hour later. now-there-I’ve got hold of the rail. Tie
Setting : The same. here up’. (Jim and Amy exit right towards
the voices. More voices greeting, and
At Rise
then Mr. Peters enters the living room
Same group is in the living room with
with a lighted lantern, followed by Miss
the exception of Jim. Sara is asleep,
Marsh, Amy and Jim.)

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Sara : Oh, where am i? Betty :

We’re rescued, we’re rescued! Come,
Rose :
Sara!
Come on! (She helps Sara to her feet
and quickly wraps a blanket around her) Mr. Peters :
To the attic! (Exits left leading Sara, and Why, are you children all alone?
taking one of the candles with her.)
Amy :
Amy : Yes, we — (There is a terrific crash,
Ought to get father’s most valuable books followed by a wail of pain and a scream.)
and mother’s jewel case and –
Rose :
Jim : (Offstage left) Oh, Sara! She’s fallen off
Amy, we will need water and food more the step ladder! Come quick, somebody!
than books and jewels. You don’t seem to I’ve dropped my candle and it’s gone out!
realize–(He is interrupted by a cry from (Mr. Peters, Miss Marsh, who is carrying a
outside, right) small black bag, and Amy rush off stage,
left.)
Mr. Peters :
Hello there! Hello in the house! Mr. Betty :
Marshall! Mr. Marshall! Oh, I hope she hasn’t broken her neck!

Amy : Jim :
They have come for us! Here we are! Get the first-aid box. It’s in that pile of
(She runs to the window.) coats. I’ll fix a place for her to lie down.
(He arranges chairs so Sara can lie down.)
Jim :
(picking up the third candle from the Mr. Peters :
table, running to the window and waving (enters left carrying Sara) Steady now,
it back and forth): Here we are! In here! you are all right. More frightened than
hurt, I think. (He places Sara on the
Betty : chairs.)
(entering on the run from the left,
carrying her dress box) Are we rescued? Amy :
Who is there? (Placing the lantern near Sara): I’m glad
Miss Marsh is here! (Miss Marsh is exam-
Mr. Peter : ining Sara. Sara is sobbing softly, saying
(still outside): Mr. Marshal, are you all every so often ‘It hurts.’ Rose kneels be-
right? This is Tom Peters and Miss Marsh, side Sara’s chair; holding her hand, Jim
the red cross nurse. We’re here in a boat. stands in the background with Betty.)

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Sara : It’s my leg that hurts!

Miss Marsh :
Yes, you have hurt it badly, Sara, but we
can fix it up and we will all get into the
boat and take you home. You are going to
be alright. (She motions to Mr. Peters, Jim
and Amy to move to one side of the stage.
Rose stays with Sara.) She has broken The fourth oldest dam in the world
her right leg just below the knee. We can was built by King Karikala  Chola
splint it up with pillows and umbrella and across the river Kaveri in the
lift her safely into the boat. I think we 2nd Century CE. It is called the
ought to take her to the emergency Red Kallanai Dam or the Grand Anaicut.
Cross hospital in the Armoury.
Amy :
Only some of your calmness! We will be
all right, thanks.

Mr. Peters :
Don’t thank me, thank the Red Cross.
(He goes over to Sara and helps lift her
into a blanket rolled to form a stretcher.
Miss Marsh picks up her bag. Jim and
Mr.Peters lift and carry Sara toward the
Mr. Peters : right.) We can swing her down into the
We can take Rose and Betty along too, boat very easily. It won’t hurt a mite,
but Jim, you and Amy will have to stay Sara.Get your things, Rose and Betty, you
until we can get back for you or send are going with us. (Rose and Betty grab
some other boat. [Miss Marsh returns their coats. Betty takes her dress box.)
to surround Sara’s right leg with pillows,
using an umbrella and cane along the
outside to keep the leg stiff.]

Jim :
That’s all right, we will be perfectly safe
up on the roof.

Mr. Peters :
We can leave you an extra lantern and a
jar of coffee, need anything else?

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Sara : Amy :
(drowsily) Miss Marsh gave me something And a Red Cross nurse for emergencies!
to stop the hurt. It has almost gone! Thank God for the rescue! [Both lift the
coffee cups and drink, still standing.]
Amy :
(at the door, dropping a kiss on Sara’s - Curtain -
forehead as they carry her out) That’s
(Slightly adapted)
fine dear! Have a nice boat ride! (She
waves as the stretcher goes out, followed F. D
 iscuss with your partner and answer
by Rose and Betty.) Try to get word to the following questions.
Mother that we are all right, Betty, and to 1. W
 hat were the important objects that
Jim’s family, too! the girls and Jim try to move to the
Betty : attic? Why?
I’ll try. I hope you’ll be rescued soon. Bye. 2. Who came to rescue the children?
3. What happened to Sara?
Rose : Good-bye Amy, good luck!
4. W
 ho is Miss Marsh? How does she
Amy :
help Sara?
Good-bye. (There is more thumping, only
less loud than before, and voices giving 5. W
 ho were taken in the boat? Who
directions. Amy fusses with the lantern, were left behind?
trying to get it lighted.) 6. H
 ow does Red Cross help the
children?
Mr. Peters :
[off stage] You will be all right, Jim? Glossary:
Jim: knitting (v) :
(still offstage) Yes to make (a garment, fabric, etc.) by
don’t worry about us. interlocking loops of one or more yarns
Goodbye. (Voices in either by hand with knitting needles or by
machine
distance, the sound of
oars. Jim enters right, cloudburst (n) :
wiping his forehead. a sudden violent rainstorm
Amy gets the lantern lighted and blows
stamping (v) :
out candles.) Water’s dropping! (He
bring down (one’s foot) heavily on the
pours two cups of coffee from Mr. Peters'
ground
jar. Hands one to Amy. Raises his cup as
though in a toast.) Here’s to the coffee, pitcher (n) : a large jug
lantern and rescue! I’m glad we have lantern (n) :
a wide–awake, well-equipped Disaster a lamp with a transparent case
Committee in this town! protecting the flame or electric bulb, and
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typically with a handle by which it may be wink (v) :

carried or hung close and open one eye quickly, shine or
flash intermittently
gasp (v) :
catch one’s breath with an open mouth, bump (v) :
owing to pain or astonishment knock or run into someone or something
with a jolt to hit something with force
shudder (v) :
shiver typically as a result of fear or scornfully (adv) :
revulsion feeling or expressing contempt or
derision, mocking
attic (n) :
a space or room inside or partly inside lapping (v) :
the roof of a building (of water) wash against (something) with
splint (n) : a gentle rippling sound, to fold over or
a long flat object used as a support for a around something
broken bone so that the bone stays in a drape (n) : long curtains
particular position while it heals
cracker (n) :
hark (v) : listen, pay attention a thin dry biscuit, typically eaten with
cheese
hot cocoa (n) :
a hot drink made from cocoa powder
G. B
 ased on your understanding of the
mixed with milk or water
play , choose the correct answer and
squeak (n) : fill in the blanks.
a short, high – pitched sound or cry
1. T
 he radio announced
Red Cross (n) : that__________________________
an international organization that helps
i. the river was above the flood stage.
people who are suffering, for example as
ii. the Burnet Dam had given way.
a result of war, floods, or disease
iii. there will be a cloud burst.
porch (n) : iv. they will be a cyclone.
a covered shelter projecting in front of
2. M
 other couldn’t get home from Mrs.
the entrance of a building
Brant’s because_____________
thump (v) :
i. it was raining heavily.
hit and strike heavily, especially with fist
ii. the bridges between home and the
or a blunt instrument
town were under water.
pickaback (n) : iii. there was an emergency at Mrs.
a piggyback ride, on the back and Brant’s house.
shoulders of another person iv. she had broken her leg.
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3. The Burnett Dam gave away I. B

 ased on your reading, answer the
as____________ following in two or three sentences
i. it rained for days. each.
ii. the dam was weak. 1. Why did Jim run from school?
iii. it rained heavily and the snow was 2. Where was Amy’s mother?
melting. 3. Why did Amy ask Betty to fill in the
iv. the maintenance was poor. water tubs?
4. There was no power because_______ 4. According to Jim what are the
two things that a person should
i. t he power house was out of
remember in times of emergency?
commission.
5. Why is Jim climbing on the roof?
ii. the power house was flooded.
6. Who were there in the living room?
iii. the dam gave away.
What were they doing?
iv. there was fire.
7. Why were they going to sleep in
5. W
 hy did they splint up Sara’s leg with the attic?
pillows? 8. Who came in the boat?
9. Who is the founder of the Junior
i. She was unconscious out of fear.
Red Cross?
ii. She had broken her leg below the
knee.
J. B
 ased on your understanding of the
iii. She was too lazy to walk.
text, answer the following in about 3
iv. She was making a fuss.
to 4 sentences each.

H. M
 atch the following by drawing a line 1. D
 escribe the ‘home alone’ experience
across column A and B. of the children.
2. E
 laborate the rescue operation
1. Amy to Chicago on business
undertaken by Mr. Peter.
2. Betty dentist 3. H
 ow did Jim prove himself as a good
3. Rose flash light rescuer in the flood situation?

4. Sara nurse 4. B
 riefly narrate the happenings of the
play in Scene II.
5. Jim blankets
a. How did Amy manage the situation
6. Penny Marsh Mrs. Brant’s
at home?
7. Mrs.Peters fractured leg b. How did Jim prove to be a real
8. Mother tubs and pails rescuer ?
9. Dick Junior Red Cross c. How did the Marshal save the
10. Dad rescues the children children?

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Think and answer

You are one of the survivors of an earthquake that has affected your city a lot. Share
the trauma you underwent and what helped you to sail through it. Give a talk for two
minutes.

K. U
 sing a dictionary, find out the synonyms and the antonyms
of the words given below. One has been done for you.

Word Parts of speech Synonym Antonym

Hard Adjective ____Difficult____ _____Easy_____

Flood Noun ______________ ______________
Interrupt Verb ______________ ______________
Scared Adjective ______________ ______________
Irritation Noun ______________ ______________
Organize Verb ______________ ______________
Serious Adjective ______________ ______________
Snappy Adjective ______________ ______________
Emergency Noun ______________ ______________
Rescue verb ______________ ______________

*Listening __________________ particularly

hard-hit. More than ________ people
L. L isten to the paragraph and fill in the
were killed and over 18 lakh people
blanks.
were______________. With estimates of
The ______________South Indian floods damages and losses ranging from nearly
resulted from heavy rainfall generated 200 billion rupees to over 1 trillion rupees,
by the annual north east monsoon in the ___________ were the costliest to
_________________ 2015. They affected have occurred in 2015, and were among
the ___________ region of the South the costliest natural disasters of the year.
Indian states of _________________, The flooding has been attributed to the
and the Union Territory of ___________, 2014-16 ________________ .
with Tamil Nadu and the city of

*Listening text is on Page No. 221

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Writing Creative Writing

M. A
 s a local government official N. W
 rite a letter to your friend about your
working in the flood affected area you experiences during the recent ‘Ochki’
are talking to an old lady who has cyclone.
lost her belongings. Write a dialogue
between you and the old woman. O. M
 ake a poster of any natural disaster,
Complete the conversation. giving details about the devastations
caused.
You : Good morning Madam.
P. B
 ravery awards are given to
Old lady : Good morning.
individuals who have saved the lives
You : I am from the Fire and Rescue
of people. List the people who have
department. How can I help
received such awards. For example,
you?
“What role can students play to raise
Old lady :______________________ awareness about the precautions to
_______________________________ be taken at the time of any natural
disaster?”
You :______________________
_______________________________ Q. Y
 ou are a volunteer in your locality
to serve people who are affected by
Old lady :______________________ floods. How will you caution them to
_______________________________ move to a safer place taking only their
You :______________________ bare necessities? Describe.
_______________________________ Think and Do

Old lady :______________________ R. G

 iven below are some qualities that the
_______________________________ characters in the play displayed during
the floods for survival. Identify and
You :______________________ write the character with the qualities.
_______________________________

Old lady :______________________ anxiety serious fun

_______________________________ sober excitement scared
You :______________________ frightened shudder hopeful
_______________________________ horror enjoyment terrified
levelheaded scornful hysterical

Old lady :______________________

_______________________________

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Poem

Little Sarah
Warm up

Rearrange the pictures by writing the numbers in the correct order in the boxes, to
indicate the step by step process of cultivation and harvest.

A. G
 iven below are the common names of everyday food items in India. Group them to
fill in the appropriate columns. Work with a partner. Share you choices with the class.

Breakfast Lunch Dessert

dosa idli vada
laddu fried rice payasam
chappathi sambar rice curd rice
kolukattai puliotharai biriyani
jelabi ice cream idiyappam
rasam cake biscuit
noodles poori pongal
sweet pongal fruit salad kesari
upma pulav

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Now, read this fast–paced poem about Sarah, whose enthusiasm to please her old
grandmother leads her and the reader through an exciting learning experience .

LITTLE SARAH

Little Sarah she stood by her grandmother’s bed,

“And what shall I get for your breakfast?” she said;
“You shall get me a Johnny-cake: quickly go make it,
In one minute mix, and in two minutes bake it.”
So Sarah she went to the closet to see
If yet any meal in the barrel might be.
The barrel had long time been empty as wind;
Not a speck of the bright yellow meal could she find.

But grandmother’s Johnny-cake-still she must make it,

In one minute mix, and in two minutes bake it.

She ran to the shop; but the shopkeeper said,

“I have none—you must go to the miller, fair maid;
“For he has a mill, and he’ll put the corn in it,
And grind you some nice yellow meal in a minute;

But run, or the Johnny-cake, how will you make it,

In one minute mix, and in two minutes bake it?”
Then Sarah she ran every step of the way;
But the miller said, “No, I have no meal to-day;
Run, quick, to the cornfield, just over the hill,
And if any be there, you may fetch it to mill.

Run, run, or the Johnny-cake, how will you make it,

In one minute mix, and in two minutes bake it?”

She ran to the cornfield-the corn had not grown,

Though the sun in the blue sky all pleasantly shone .
“Pretty sun,” cried the maiden, “please make the corn grow.”
“Pretty maid,” the sun answered, “I cannot do so.”

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“Then grandmother’s Johnny-cake—how shall I make it,

In one minute mix, and in two minutes bake it?”

Then Sarah looked round, and she saw what was wanted;
The corn could not grow, for no corn had been planted.

She asked of the farmer to sow her some grain,

But the farmer he laughed till his sides ached again.
“Ho! ho! for the Johnny-cake-how can you make it,
In one minute mix, and in two minutes bake it?”

The farmer he laughed, and he laughed out aloud,-

“And how can I plant till the earth has been ploughed?

Run, run to the ploughman, and bring him with speed;

He’ll plough up the ground, and I’ll fill it with seed.”

Away, then, ran Sarah, still hoping to make it,

In one minute mix, and in two minutes bake it.

The ploughman he ploughed, and the grain it was sown,

And the sun shed his rays till the corn was all grown;
It was ground at the mill, and again in her bed
These words to poor Sarah the grandmother said:
“You shall get me a Johnny-cake-quickly go make it,
In one minute mix, and in two minutes bake it.”

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Glossary that, she could get some nice yellow corn

flour in a minute. When Sarah came to the
Johnny-cake (n) :
miller, (viii) ______________ because he
an early American
had no corn with him. He asked her to go
staple food, corn meal
to the cornfield (ix) ______________and
flat bread
asked her to fetch (x) ___________.
barrel (n) : a cylindrical container
Little Sarah ran to the cornfield but she
closet (n) : a cupboard or wardrobe
could find that there was no corn in the
yellow meal (n) : field also. She (xi) _____________if it
corn meal ground from dried maize could make the corn grow but the sun
miller (n) : replied that it cannot do that right now.
a person who owns or operates a mill Sarah asked the farmer to sow some
that grinds grain into flour grain so that she could get some corn.
plough (v) : But the farmer (xii) _____________ if,
to turn up the earth with a plough, he had to sow the seeds. So Little Sarah
especially before sowing or cultivating went to (xiii)______________and asked
or tilling him (xiv)________.

maiden (n) : At last the ploughman (xv)_________,

an unmarried woman or a young girl the farmer (xvi)__________ and the
ground (v) : sun (xvii)___________ so that the
(past participle of grind) reduced to fine corn would grow fully. Once the corn
particles by crushing or mincing was grown, she (xvi)____________
and (xvii)___________ it in the
B. F
 ill in the blanks to complete the mill. When everything was done,
summary of the poem . she (xviii)__________and stood
(xix)_______________. Again her
One day fair little Sarah stood by her
grandmother asked her to get her a
grandmother’s bed and asked her
Johnny cake as quickly as possible.
(i) ___________. The grandmother replied
that she wanted a (ii) ____________ C. R
 ead the lines taken from the poem
and also told her (iii)______________. and based on your understanding,
So Sarah went to the cellar (iv) answer the following questions briefly.
_______________to bake the cake. But
unfortunately there was no flour in the 1. S
 o Sarah she went to the closet to see
barrel and so (v) _____________ some If yet any meal in the barrel might be…
corn flour. Since he had no flour, he a. Why did Sarah go to the closet?
(vi) ______________. There she could get b. What is a ‘closet’?
some corn and (vi) ______________ so c. Why was Sarah looking for some ‘meal’?
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2. F
 or he has a mill, and he’ll put the D. R
 ead the poem and answer following
corn in it, questions.
And grind you some nice yellow meal
1. 'In one minute mix, and two minutes
in a minute;…
bake it?'
a. Who will grind the corn for Sarah?
a. T
 he poet has repeated this line again
b. How will he grind the corn?
and again in the poem. Why do you
3. “ Pretty sun,” cried the maiden, think he has done so?
“Please make the corn grow.” b. W
 hat is the figure of speech
“Pretty maid,” the sun answered, employed here?
“I cannot do so.” 2. Identify the rhyme scheme in the
a. Why did the maiden ask the sun to poem.
make the corn grow? 3. Pick out the rhyming words from the
poem. Make a list and see if you can
b. Did the sun accept her request?
add more words to the list.
c. Who is the ‘pretty maid’ here?
E. Read the following lines and answer
3. You shall get me a Johnny-cake the questions
quickly go make it,
In one minute mix, and in two Narrative poetry is a form of
minutes bake it. poetry that tells a story, often
using the voices of a narrator and
a. What are the two main steps characters as well;
involved here?
b. Who is asking for a Johnny-cake? 1. Little Sarah she stood by her
c. Who is making the cake now ? grandmother’s bed…
So Sarah she went to the closet to see
5. S
 he asked of the farmer to sow her The ploughman he ploughed…
some grain,
But the farmer he laughed till his Note how the words, ‘she’ and ‘he’
sides ached again. are mentioned after the names.
Why do you think the poet has done it?
a. What did ‘she’ ask of the farmer?
Identify more examples of such usage
b. How did the farmer laugh ?
from the poem. What effect does it have
c. Why did the farmer laugh?
on the narrative?
Appreciating the poem

A Refrain, is a phrase, line, or

group of lines repeated at intervals
throughout a poem, generally at the
end of the stanza.
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F. Answer the questions that follow in about 150 words.

1. Describe sequentially Little Sarah’s search for corn flour.

2. L ist out the persons who helped Little Sarah in getting her corn flour and also discuss
what sort of help each one did for her.
3. Attempt a character sketch of Little Sarah with special reference to her attitude.
4. T
 he poet makes effective use of the repetition of the refrain, ‘In one minute mix, and
in two minutes bake it.’
 hat kind of effect does it have on the readers? Does the repetition help the poet
W
influence the reader in any way?

Parallel reading

Read and enjoy the poem.

You
Terrie Brushette

Never stop caring about the little things in life.

Never stop dreaming, and don’t give into strife.
Never stop wondering are we on our own.
Never stop thinking has your spirituality grown.

Never stop building bridges that lead to better tomorrows.

Never stop trying, and don’t give into sorrow.
Never stop feeling amazed at the beauty that surrounds you.
Never stop hearing the music, and don’t give into the blues.

Never stop pushing away negative

Thoughts that make you feel sad.
Never stop looking at all the miracles we have had.
Never stop loving the ones you hold dear.
Never stop giving, and don’t give into fear.

Never stop smiling, but look forward to each new day.

Never stop shining in your own special way.
Never forget that all storms will clear.
Remember brighter tomorrows are always near.

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Supplementary

Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub

William Temple Hornaday

Warm up How do you think animals would behave

when they are isolated from their families?
Work with a partner and discuss the
following questions. Share your views Here is an interesting story of a young
with the class. grizzly bear which proved its strength and
grit, not wishing to be cowed down or
dominated by other bigger bears.
Telegram-plane W
 hat exactly counts as behaviour?

Little Cyclone is a grizzly cub from Alaska,

Telegram-plane W
 hat triggers behaviorus?

Telegram-plane A
 re they hard-wired in animals' genes,
or learned based on experience?

Now, read this story about a young bear

cub that bravely fended off a possible
attack from much bigger and ferocious
fellow animals in a cage. Willpower
and self-confidence triumph over brute
strength.
who earned his name by the vigour of
We find little kids hugging their teddies
his resistance to ill-treatment. When his
and not parting from them even when
mother was fired at, on a timbered hillside
they sleep. Perhaps the warm and furry
facing Chilkat River, he and his brother
appearance of the bear attracts them and
ran away as fast as their stumpy little legs
offers them comfort.They love the doll so
could carry them. When they crept where
much that they spend their time feeding
they had last seen her, they thought her
it, dressing it up and holding it to their
asleep; and cuddling up close against her
bosom.
yet warm body they slept peacefully until
morning.
Little kids cry when they are separated
from their mothers. Mothers too would
Before the early morning sun had
not allow their children to be taken away
reached their side of the mountains,
from them.
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the two orphans were awakened by the tree, a tree to climb, a swimming pool,
rough grasp of human hands. Valiantly three sleeping dens, and a rock cliff. It
they bit and scratched, and bawled aloud never contains fewer than six cubs, and
with rage. One of them made a fight so sometimes eight.
fierce and terrible that his nervous captor
let him go, and that one is still on the Naturally, it is a good test of courage
Chilkoot. and temper to turn a new bear into that
roistering crowd. Usually a newcomer is
Although the other cub fought just as badly scared during his first day in the
desperately, his captor seized him by Nursery, and very timid during the next.
the hind legs, dragged him backwards, But grizzlies are different. They are born
occasionally swung him around his head, full of courage and devoid of all sense of
and kept him generally engaged until ropes fear.
were procured for binding him. When finally
established, with collar, chain and post, in When little Cyclone's travelling box was
the rear of the saloon in Porcupine City, two- opened, and he found himself free in the
legged animals less intelligent than himself Nursery, he stalked deliberately to the
frequently and violently prodded the little centre of the stage, halted, and calmly
grizzly with a long pole "to see him fight." looked about him. His air and manner
Barely in time to save him from insanity, said as plainly as English: "I'm a grizzly
little Cyclone was rescued by the friendly from Alaska, and I've come to stay. If
hands of the Zoological Society's field agent, any of you fellows think there is anything
placed in a comfortable box, freed from all coming to you from me, come and take
annoyance, and shipped to New York. it."

He was at that time as droll and roguish- Little Czar, a very saucy but good-natured
looking a grizzly cub as ever stepped. In European brown bear cub, walked up and
a grizzly-gray full moon of fluffy hair, two aimed a sample blow at Cyclone's left
big black eyes sparkled like jet beads, ear. Quick as a flash, outshot Cyclone's
behind a pudgy little nose, absurdly right paw,
short for a bear. Excepting for his high as only a
shoulders, he was little more than a big grizzly can
bale of gray fur set up on four posts of strike, and
the same material. But his claws were caught the
formidable, and he had the true grizzly would-be
spirit. hazer on
the side of
The Bears' Nursery at the New York the head.
Zoological Park is a big yard with a shade Amazed

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and confounded, Czar fled in wild haste. Glossary

Next in order, a black bear cub, twice
stumpy : short and thick
the size of Cyclone, made a pass at the
bawled : cried noisily
newcomer, and he too received so fierce
procured : obtained
a countercharge that he ignominiously
prodded : dug, poked
quit the field and scrambled to the top of
droll : curious and amusing
the cliff.
pudgy : short and fat
Cyclone conscientiously met every attack, formidable : dangerous
real or feigned, that was made upon him. roistering : celebrating noisily
In less than an hour it was understood stalked : walked stiffly with pride
by every bear in the Nursery that, that saucy : cheeky, impertinent
queer-looking gray fellow with the broad hazer : a person who drives cattle while
head and short nose could strike quick on horseback
and hard, and that he could fight any confounded : confused
other bear on three seconds' notice. ignominiously : shamefully
conscientiously :
From that time on Cyclone's position carefully and meticulously
has been assured. He is treated with the feigned : faked, not genuine
respect that a good forearm inspires, but
Vocabulary
being really a fine-spirited, dignified little
grizzly, he attacks no one, and never has A. Use the following phrases in sentences
had a fight. of your own.

About the author earn one's name; in the rear of;

William Temple to see one fight; devoid of; air and
Hornaday, Sc.D. manner; quick as a flash; in wild
(December 1, 1854 - haste; make a pass
March 6, 1937) was
B. Now refer a dictionary and find idioms on
an American the following animals, birds and insects.
zoologist, Learn their meanings and share what
conservationist, taxidermist, and you have learnt with your class. Try to
author. He was a pioneer in the early frame illustrative sentences with those
wild life conversation movement in idioms. Find opportunities to use them
the United States. During is life time in your everyday conversations.
he published many books and articles
on the need for conservation of lion mouse parrot fox
wild llife hawk snake monkey dog
snail bee

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C. B
 ased on your reading, answer the E. Choose the correct answer.
following questions in a paragraph of
about 100—150 words each. 1. Little Cyclone is a grizzly cub who
earned his name by his ____________
1D  escribe the appearance of Little
Cyclone. a) appearance and behaviour.
2 What does the fight Little Cyclone b) viguor of resistence to ill-treatment.
and his brother put up, tell you about c) speed and courage.
the nature of grizzly bears? d) escape from a cyclone.
3 "If any of you fellows think there is
anything coming to you from me, come
2.The nervous captor let one bear go
and take it". How did Liitle Cyclone prove
this? because ________________
4 Describe the confrontation between a) he was afraid of bears.
Little Czar and Little Cyclone. b) he did not have proper equipment to
seize him.
D. Telling the Story Again. c)the bear fought so fiercly.
d)the bear escaped and ran away.
Little Cyclone was a grizzly cub from
___________________ earned his name
3.Little Cyclone was rescued by the
___________________ When his mother
____________
was fired at, they ____________ The
a)members of the Blue Cross.
next day at sinrise the two orphans found
b)friendly hands of the Zoological Society.
themselves at ___________________ c)members of the National Zoo.
One of them escaped d)volunteers from New York.
____________________ So the captor
let him go. But the other cub was 4.Little Czar was a ___________
________________________ and taken
a) good natured European brown bear.
to the _________________________
b)grizzly cub from Alaska.
at New York. The Zoological Park had
c)furry little Polar bear.
______________ Usually a newcomer
d)North American black bear.
is badly scared on his first day
but ________________ When the
5.Little Cyclone will fight any other bear
box was opened he stood up with
in ____________
courage_________________________
Cyclone courageously met every a) 10 minutes' notice.
_______________ In less than an b) 15 minutes' notice.
c) 03 seconds' notice.
hour all the other bears understood
d) 10 seconds' notice.
________________ From then on Little
Cyclone's position was ______________

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F. Learn the following idioms on bears.

IDIOM MEANING

a. hungry as a bear being very hungry

being unsociable, speaking in a very

b. gruff as a bear
abrupt, rude way

c. take the bear by the tooth put oneself in a dangerous position

d. as busy as a hibernating bear remaining idle

put one's arms around someone and hug

e. a bear hug
them affectionately

a period of time when investors are

f. a bear market
more likely to sell rather than buy shares

In 1902, American President

Franklin Delano Roosevelt also
known as Teddy participated in a
bear-hunting trip in Mississippi.
While hunting, Roosevelt declared
the behavior of the other hunters
“unsportsmanlike" after he refused
to kill a bear they had captured.

As news of the hunting trip spread,

many newspapers around the
country featured political cartoons
starring “Teddy" and “the bear."

Meanwhile, in Brooklyn, New York, a shop owner named Morris Michtom saw one
of the cartoons and had an idea. Michtom and his wife created plush, stuffed
bears and placed them in the front window of their shop. With permission from
Roosevelt, Michtom named the bears “Teddy bears."

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ICT Corner
Play with Punctuation

Screen shot of the Game

URL address
https://drive.google.com/
open?id=1SZuh5U2OJlE13b-
Demo Steps
BuMSg3J6lpEDPBBCWe
1. Scan the QR code. It will go to a website.
2. The link for the game will be there.
3. Click the URL and download the game
4. Hover over the Punctuation marks.
5. Click on the Punctuation mark, which you think is right.
6. To find capitalization just hover over the sentence.
7. Click when cursor changes into Hand.

Images for the Demo Steps

Download Software /
Application You can download this game
and play it offline on your
computer
Language activity

1. Write down the sentences with correct Punctuation.

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LISTENING PASSAGES

GOAL SETTING and because it’s easier for Paralympic

athletes to stay in Olympic hotels and to
J. Listen to the following story
run in Olympic stadiums, the Paralympics
The Olympic usually happen in the Olympic cities,
Games began in too. Think of swimming with only one
Greece about three leg against people with two legs. Think
thousand years ago. of running with artificial legs. Think
All wars stopped for of playing basketball in a wheelchair.
the Olympics in those Disabled people can do some wonderful
days. The discus and the Pentathlon things!
began in these early Olympic Games.
[source : True Heroes of Sport
In 394 the Romans stopped the Greek
by Donatella Fitzgerald]
Olympic Games, because they didn’t like
them. In 1896, a Frenchman – Pierre STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY
de Coubertin began the Olympic Games EVENING
again. These days the Olympic Games
usually happen every four years. But how F. Listen to the following passage
did the Paralympics for disabled begin?
When you make a
In the 1940s Sir Ludwig Guttmann was a
promise, keep it, even
doctor at the stoke Mandeville hospital in
if it costs you more
England. At the hospital there were many
than you expected or
disabled soldiers from World War II and
you have to work much
Guttmann wanted these soldiers to get
longer on it than you
better by doing sports.
intended. Do not make promises you
The Paralympics are younger than cannot keep or that you do not know you
the Olympics, but they are getting bigger can keep. Sometimes it is best to promise
all the time. The first true paralympic that you will try, though be sure the other
Games happened in Rome in 1960. Four person understands that you are not
hundred disabled athletes from twenty- promising to deliver.
three different countries came to these
A useful saying is ‘Under-promise
Games. At the Being Paralympics in
and over-deliver’. Do not promise too
2008, there were 4,000 disabled athletes
much. Then deliver more than you
from 144 countries! These days there
promised. In doing this only deliver
are Paralympic Games every four years,

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a little more. If you deliver too much your determination to keep promises,
you can cause embarrassment or cause their trust in you will leap upwards.
suspicion as to your intent.Promise leads
(Transcript source: changingminds.
to expectation, and expectation leads
org/techniques/how_to/trust_me/keep_
to prediction. When predictions fail we
promises.htm)
feel a loss of control 

THE SPIRIT OF ADVENTURE

Promises also acts at the
personal, relationship level. A promise D. Leena has a great fascination
seeks trust and bonds people together for adventure. During her winter
more tightly. Breaking the promise causes holidays she wishes to explore
a betrayal response, damaging or even an adventure sport. Listen to the
severing the bond conversation between Leena and her
mother and complete the dictionary
Some people make promises too activity.
easily. They agree to actions without
knowing whether they will be able to keep Mother :
the promise. This often happens when Leena, what are your plans for the winter
they are focusing on the short term. The vacation? I thought we could go to a
prospect of immediate gain, especially if heritage site in India.
it is significant, can overwhelm thoughts Leena :
of future punishment and lead people No Mom. This time, I wish to take up
into deception. We also make promises an adventure sport which I have been
when we want to be liked and are trying planning for long. But I am not sure
to please people. Saying ‘yes’ is socially whether we have good options for
easier than refusal but can lead to adventure sports in India.
disappointment and decrease in trust.
Mother :
Why not! India is a versatile and
Promises can vary in intensity. There
multifaceted country and every part
is a difference between saying casually
of it offers some new
you will do something and swearing you
adventure to see,
will do it. Breaking a sworn promise has
some new place to
far greater damage to trust So before
visit. Ranging from the
making promises, however minor, size up
wonderful treks on the
the other person, consider the long-term
powerful and the bold
impact on your reputation. This includes
mountain ranges of Himalayas, sky diving
making promises they might doubt you
adventures in the west, hill stations of the
will keep. When you surprise them with

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south, proclaiming beauty of the Karst A POISON TREE

caves to the desert trips in Thar, all the
H. Listening input for Anger
varieties are found in one nation.
Management
Leena :
It’s natural to get angry. But it’s a virtue
That’s great to know that with the brooding
to know how to handle it. It deals with
modern nation, you can savour all the
certain anger management issues . Here
adventures either in the midst of towns or
are some of the best anger management
surrounded with the nature’s bounty.
tips to help you get over being angry
Mother : quickly.
But we must carefully choose
the organization that offer such Meditation is definitely a great technique
programmes. We should go for ones to calm your inner self, thereby controlling
that are registered with Adventure Tour those sudden angry
Operators Association of India and outbursts. Meditation
Ministry of Tourism. does not always require
that you sit in a place
Leena :
and keep peeping at
Ok, Mom. Let us see if any of those
the watch. You need
places have bungee jumping. I have been
a peaceful place to sit upright. Start
dreaming of doing this dare-devil jump
relaxing with the top of your head and
for the past two years.
then slowly release the tension of your
Mother : body, one muscle at a time and breathe
If you are really ready for bungee-jump- deeply.
ing, I suggest we go to Rishikesh. Apart
from leaping off a cliff, you can do Try to connect yourself with your
white-water rafting too. What do you inner person. There is a person living
say? Let's talk to your father and ask inside you who always tells you how to
him to do some enquiries. act. After a strong situation, it is you that
inner person who understands you better
Leena : than anyone else. So initiate a positive
Yaayyy!!! I am so excited. I can’t wait for conversation within yourself. Close your
Dad to come back from office. eyes and speak to yourself and calm
yourself.

Anger is something that releases

the tension you have been feeling all the
while but who will take care of the reason

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why you got angry in the first place? It year. The flooding has been attributed to
is as simple as a solution that you need. the2014-16 El-Nino event .
Forgive and forget . It’s easier to get the
apologies over and done with right away
so you can forget about your anger and
move on.
Some useful links
Start good one by saying , “I’m https://publicdomainreview.org/collections/
france-in-the-year-2000-1899-1910/
sorry” or “I forgive you”. Forgiving is a
blessing. Spread the goodness. Instead http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/index.html
of allowing others to laugh at you, laugh http://tnpubliclibraries.gov.in
at your oneself. Think of all the words
http://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/
you said and think of how you could
https://www.poetryfoundation.org
have changed the situation by acting in a
different way.

OLD MAN RIVER

L. Listening input for fill in the

blanks

The 2015 South Indian floods resulted

from heavy rainfall generated by the
annual north east monsoon in Novem-
ber-December 2015. They affected the
Coromandel Coast region of the South
Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra
Pradesh, and the union territory of
Puducherry, with Tamil Nadu and the
city of Chennai particularly hard- hit.
More than 500 people
were killed and over 18
lakh people were dis-
placed. With estimates
of damages and losses
ranging from nearly
200 billion rupees to over 1 trillion ru-
pees, the floods were the costliest to
have occurred in 2015, and were among
the costliest natural disasters of the
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English – Class IX
List of Authors and Reviewers

Advisory Committee Authors

Rajeswary P 1. Inthumathi G G
ELT Consultant, Former Education Officer, CBSE Asst. Professor of English,
Vivekanandha College, Karur.

Reviewers 2. Rekha Rayen E

B.T. Asst. GHSS,
1. Hema Natarajan Okkiam, Thoraipakkam, Kancheepuram.
Asst. Professor of English,
Rajalakshmi Engineering College, 3. Muthu Raman K
Thandalam, Kancheepuram. B.T. Asst. GGHSS,
Pattukkottai, Thanjavur.
2. Savithri P
Asst. Professor of English, 4. Dr. P Jaya Prabhu
Sri Meenakshi Govt. Arts College for Women, B.T. Asst. GHS,
Madurai. Poondi, Thanjavur.

5. Lourds Anita T
B.T. Asst. GHSS,
Domain Experts Moolaikaraipatti, Tirunelveli.
1. Vijayalakshmi P
Principal, Chinmaya Vidyalaya, 6. Sethu Raman R
Chennai. B.T. Asst. PUMS,
Melakkudieruppu, Ariyalur.
2. Seethalakshmi Viswanath
Retired Principal, 7. Petra Elizabeth Chithra J
Amrita Vidyalayam, Chennai. P.G. Asst. GGHSS,
Mannachanallur, Trichy.

8. Vasundhara K
Academic Coordinators P.G.T. Chinmaya Vidyalaya,
Chennai.
1. Sagayaraj L
B.T. Asst. GGHSS, 9. Sasikala B
Tiruttani, Thiruvallur. P.G. Asst. ADWHSS,
Meenambakkam, Kancheepuram.
2. Ajitha N D
B.T. Asst. GHSS, 10. Dr. E Sujith Gladwin
Alagianallur, Virudhunagar. B.T. Asst. GHS,
Vellur, Virudhunagar .

11. Mahadevan V
P.G. Asst. SGBHSS,
Kundrathur, Kancheepuram.

12. Antony Raj M

B.T. Asst. St. Bedes AIHSS,
Chennai.
Art and Design Team
Chief Co-ordinator and Creative Head
Srinivasan Natarajan
Illustration
Manoharan S
Vasuki L

Art Teachers,
Government of Tamil Nadu. This book has been printed on 80 G.S.M.
Students, Elegant Maplitho paper.
Government College of Fine Arts,
Chennai & Kumbakonam. Printed by offset at:
Graphics & Layout
V2 Innovations, Chennai
In-House
QC - Gopu Rasuvel
- Karthik Kalaiarasu

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