Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3

Trigonometric Functions
Exercise 3.1
Question 1:
Find the radian measures corresponding to the following degree measures:
(i) 25 (ii) 47 30' (iii) 240 (iv) 520

Solution 1:
(i) 25
We know that 180   radian
 5
 25   25 radian  radian
180 36
(ii) 47 30'
1
47 30'  47
2
95
 degree
2
Since 180   radian
95   95   19  19
degree    radian     radian   radian
2 180  2   36  2  72
19
  47 30'   radian
72
(iii) 240
We know that 180   radian
 4
 240   240radian   radian
180 3
(iv) 520
We know that 180   radian
 26
 520   520radian  radian
180 9

Question 2:
Find the degree measures corresponding to the following radian measures
 22 
 Use   
 7 
11 5 7
(i) (ii) 4 (iii) (iv)
16 3 6

Solution 2:
11
(i)
16
We know that  radian  180
11 180 11 45 11
 radian   degree  degree
16  16  4

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 1

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
45 11 7 315
 degree  degree
22  4 8
3
 36 degree
8
3  60
 39  minutes 1  60'
8
1
 39  22' minutes
2
 3922'30" 1'  60
(ii) 4
We know that  radian  180
180 180  7  4
4radian    4 degree  degree
 22
2520 1
 degree  229 degree
11 11
1 60
 229  minutes 1  60'
11
5
 229  5' minutes
11
 2295'27 1'  60
5
(iii)
3
We know that  radian  180
5 180 5
 radian   degree  300
3  3
7
(iv)
6
We know that  radian  180
7 180 7
 radian    210
6  6

Question 3:
A wheel makes 360 revolutions in one minute. Through how many radians does it turn in one
second?

Solution 3:
Number of revolutions made by the wheel in 1 minute = 360
360
 Number of revolutions made by the wheel in 1 second  6
60
In one complete revolution, the wheel turns an angle of 2  radian.
Hence, in 6 complete revolutions, it will turn an angle of 6  2 radian,
i.e., 12  radian

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 2

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
Thus, in one second, the wheel turns an angle of 12  radian.

Question 4:
Find the degree measure of the angle subtended at the centre of a circle of radius 100 cm by
an arc of length 22 cm.
 22 
 Use   
 7 

Solution 4:
We know that in a circle of radius r unit, if an arc of length l unit subtends an angle 
radian at the centre, then
1

r
Therefore, for r  100 cm, l  22 cm, we have
22 180 22 180  7  22
 radian   degree  degree
100  100 22 100
126 3
 degree  12 degree  1236' 1  60'
10 5
Thus, the required angle is 1236' .

Question 5:
In a circle of diameter 40 cm, the length of a chord is 20 cm. Find the length of minor arc of
the chord.

Solution 5:
Diameter of the circle = 40 cm
 Radius  r  of the circle 
40
cm  20 cm
2
Let AB be a chord  length  20cm of the circle.

In OAB, OA  OB  Radiusof circle  20 cm

Also, AB = 20 cm
Thus,  OAB is an equilateral triangle.

   60  radian
3
We know that in a circle of radius r unit, if an arc of length l unit subtends an angle  radian
at the centre then
l

r

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 3

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
 ̂
𝐴𝐵
̂ = 20𝜋 cm
 20 ⇒ 𝐴𝐵 3
3
20
Thus, the length of the minor arc of the chord is cm .
3

Question 6:
If in two circles, arcs of the same length subtend angles 60 and 75 at the centre, find the
ratio of their radii.

Solution 6:
Let the radii of the two circles be r1 and r2 . Let an arc of length l subtend an angle of 60 at
the centre of the circle of radius r1 , while let an arc of length/subtend an angle of 75 at the
centre of the circle of radius r2 .
 5
Now, 60  radian and 75  radian
3 12
We know that in a circle of radius r unit, if an arc of length l unit subtends an angle  .
radian at the centre then
l
  or l  r
r
r r 5
 l  1 and l  2
3 12
r1 r2 5
 
3 12
r2 5
 r1 
4
r1 5
 
r2 4
Thus, the ratio of the radii is 5:4.

Question 7:
Find the angle in radian through which a pendulum swings if its length is 75 cm and the tip
describes an arc of length.
(i) 10 cm (ii) 15 cm (iii) 21 cm

Solution 7:
We know that in a circle of radius r unit, if an arc of length l unit subtends
l
An angle  radian at the centre, then  
r
It is given that r  75 cm
(i) Here, l  10 cm
10 2
  radian  radian
75 15

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 4

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
(ii) Here, l  15 cm
15 1
  radian  radian
75 5
(iii) Here, l  21cm
21 7
  radian  radian
75 25

Exercise 3.2

Question 1:
1
Find the values of other five trigonometric functions if cos x   , x lies in third quadrant.
2

Solution 1:
1
cos x  
2
1 1
 sec x    2
cos x  1 
 
 2
sin x  cos x  1
2 2

 sin 2 x  1  cos2 x
2
 1
 sin x  1    
2

 2
1 3
 sin 2 x  1  
4 4
3
 sin x  
2
Since x lies in the 3rd quadrant, the value of sin x will be negative.
3
 sin x  
2
1 1 2
cosec x   
sin x  3 3
 
 2 
 3
 
sin x  2 
tan x    3
cos x  1 
 
 2
1 1
cot x   .
tan x 3

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 5

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
Question 2:
3
Find the values of other five trigonometric functions if sin x  , x lies in second quadrant.
5

Solution 2:
3
sin x 
5
1 1 5
cosec x   
sin x  3  3
 
5
sin x  cos x  1
2 2

 cos2 x  1  sin 2 x
2
 3
 cos2 x  1   
5
9
 cos2 x  1 
25
16
 cos2 x 
25
4
 cos x  
5
Since x lies in the 2 nd quadrant, the value of cos x will be negative
4
 cos x  
5
1 1 5
sec x   
cos x  4  4
 
 5
3
 
   
sin x 5 3
tan x 
cos x  4  4
 
 5
1 4
cot x   .
tan x 3

Question 3:
3
Find the values of other five trigonometric functions if cot x  , x lies in third quadrant.
4

Solution 3:
3
cot x 
4

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 6

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
1 1 4
tan x   
cot x  3  3
 
4
1  tan x  sec x
2 2

2
4
 1     sec2 x
3
16
 1   sec2 x
9
25
  sec2 x
9
5
 sec x  
3
Since x lies in the 3rd quadrant, the value of sec x will be negative.
5
 sec x  
3
1 1 3
cos x   
sec x  5  5
 
 3
sin x
tan x 
cos x
4 sin x
 
3  3 
 
 5 
 4   3  4
 sin x        
 3  5  5
1 5
cosec x  
sin x 4

Question 4:
13
Find the values of other five trigonometric functions if sec x  , x lies in fourth quadrant.
5

Solution 4:
13
sec x 
5
1 1 5
cos x   
sec x  13  13
 
5
sin2 x  cos2  1
 sin 2 x  1  cos2 x

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 7

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
2
5
 sin 2 x  1   
 13 
25 144
 sin 2 x  1  
169 169
12
 sin x  
13
Since x lies in the 4th quadrant, the value of sin x will be negative.
12
 sin x  
13
1 1 13
cosec x   
sin x  12  12
 
 13 
 12 
sin x  13  12
tan x   
cos x  5  5
 
 13 
1 1 5
cot x    .
tan x  12  12
 
 5

Question 5:
5
Find the values of other five trigonometric functions if tan x   , x lies in second
12
quadrant.

Solution 5:
5
tan x  
12
1 1 12
cot x   
tan x  5  5
 
 12 
1  tan x  sec x
2 2

2
 5
 1      sec2 x
 12 
25
 1  sec2 x
144
169
  sec2 x
144
13
 sec x  
12
Since x lies in the 2 nd quadrant, the value of sec x will be negative.

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 8

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
13
 sec x  
12
1 1 12
cos x   
sec x  13  13
 
 12 
sin x
tan x 
cos x
5 sin x
 
12  12 
 
 13 
 5   12  5
 sin x         
 12   13  13
1 1 13
cosec x    .
sin x  5  5
 
 13 

Question 6:
Find the value of the trigonometric function sin 765 .

Solution 6:
It is known that the values of sin x repeat after an interval of 2n or 360 .
1
 sin 765  sin  2  360  45  sin 45  .
2

Question 7:
Find the value of the trigonometric function cosec  1410

Solution 7:
It is known that the values of cosec x repeat after an interval of 2n or 360 .
 cosec  1410  cosec  1410  4  360
 cosec  1410  1440
 cosec30=2 .

Question 8:
19
Find the value of the trigonometric function tan .
3

Solution 8:
It is known that the values of tan x repeat after an interval of n or 180 .
19 1   
 tan  tan 6   tan  6    tan  tan 60  3 .
3 3  3 3

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 9

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

Question 9:
 11 
Find the value of the trigonometric function sin   
 3 

Solution 9:
It is known that the values of sin x repeat after an interval of 2n or 360 .
 11   11    3
 sin     sin    2  2   sin    .
 3   3  3 2

Question 10:
 15 
Find the value of the trigonometric function cot   
 4 

Solution 10:
It is known that the values of cot x repeat after an interval of n or 180 .
 15   15  
 cot     cot    4   cot  1.
 4   4  4

Exercise 3.3
Question 1:
   1
sin 2  cos2  tan 2 
6 3 4 2

Solution 1:
  
L.H.S  sin 2  cos2  tan 2
6 3 4
2 2
1 1
       1
2

 2  2
1 1 1
  1  
4 4 2
= R.H.S.

Question 2:
 7  3
Prove that 2sin 2  cosec2 cos2 
6 6 3 2

Solution 2:
 7 
L.H.S.  2sin 2  cosec2 cos2
6 6 3

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 10

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

  1 
2 2
1 
 2    cosec2     
 2  6  2 
  1
2
1 
 2    cosec   
4  6  4
1 21
   2  
2 4
1 4 1 3
   1 
2 4 2 2
= R.H.S.

Question 3:
 5 
Prove that cot 2  cosec  3tan 2  6
6 6 6

Solution 3:
 5 
L.H.S. = cot 2  cosec  3tan 2
6 6 6
  1 
2

  
2
 3  cosec      3 
 6   3 
 1
 3  cosec  3 
6 3
 3  2 1  6
 R.H.S

Question 4:
3  
Prove that 2sin 2  2cos2  2sec2  10
4 4 3

Solution 4:
3  
L.H.S.  2sin 2  2cos2  2sec2
4 4 3
2
 
2
   1 
 2 sin      2   2  2
2

  4   2
 
2
1
 2 sin   2   8
 4 2
 11 8
= 10
= R.H.S

Question 5:
Find the value of :

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 11

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
(i) sin 75
(ii) tan15

Solution 5:
(i) sin 75  sin  45  30
 sin 45 cos30 cos45 sin30
sin  x  y   sin x cos y  cos x sin y 

 1  3   1  1 
    
 2   2   2   2 
3 1 3 1
  
2 2 2 2 2 2
(ii) tan15  tan  45  30
tan 45  tan 30  tan x  tan y 

1  tan 45 tan 30  tan  x  y   1  tan x tan y 
 
1 3 1
1
 3  3
 1  3 1
1  1 
 3 3

 
2
3 1 3 1 3 1 2 3
  
3 1  3 1  3 1   3 2
 1
2

42 3
  2 3
3 1

Question 6:
       
Prove that cos   x  cos   y   sin   x  sin   y   sin  x  y 
4  4  4  4 

Solution 6:
       
cos   x  cos   y   sin   x  sin   y 
4  4  4  4 
1     1     
 2cos   x  cos   y   2sin   x  sin   y 
2 4  4  2  4  4 
1            
 cos   x     y   cos   x     y 
2   4  4   4  4  
1          
 cos   x     y   cos   x     y  
2   4  4  4   4 

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 12

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 2cos A cos B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B 

 
2sin A sin B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B  
1       
 2  cos   x     y 
2   4  4  
 
 cos    x  y 
4 
 sin  x  y 
= R.H.S.

Question 7:
 
tan   x 
 1  tan x 
2
 4  
Prove that 
   1  tan x 
tan   x 
4 

Solution 7:
tan A  tan B tan A  tan B
It is known that tan  A  B   and  A  B  
1  tan A tan B 1  tan A tan B
  
 tan 4  tan x 
     1  tan x 
tan   x   1  tan  tan x   
1  tan x   1  tan x 
2

L.H.S.   4    4      R.H.S.
    1  tan x   1  tan x 
tan   x  tan  tan x  
4  4  1  tan x 

1  tan tan x
4

Question 8:
cos   x  cos   x 
Prove that  cot 2 x
 
sin   x  cos   x 
2 

Solution 8:
cos   x  cos   x 
L.H.S. 
 
sin   x  cos   x 
2 


 cos xcos x
sin x   sin x 
 cos2 x

 sin 2 x

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 13

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 cot 2 x
= R.H.S.

Question 9:
 3    3  
cos   x  cos  2  x  cot   x   cot  2  x   1
 2    2  

Solution 9:
 3    3  
L.H.S. = cos   x  cos  2  x  cot   x   cot  2  x 
 2    2  
 sin x cos x  tan x  cot x
 sin x cos x 
 sin x cos x   
 cos x sin x 
 sin 2 x  cos2 x 
  sin x cos x   
 sin x cos x 
= 1 = R.H.S.

Question 10:
Prove that sin  n  1 x sin  n  2 x  cos  n  1 x cos  n  2 x  cos x

Solution 10:
L.H.S.  sin  n 1 x sin  n  2 x  cos  n 1 x cos  n  2 x
1
 2sin  n  1 x sin  n  2 x  2cos  n  1 x cos  n  2 x 
2
1 cos  n  1 x   n  2 x  cis  n  1 x   n  2  x 
  
2  cos  n  1 x   n  2 x  cos  n  1 x   n  2  x
 
  2sin A sin B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B 
 
2cos A cos B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B  

  2cos  n  1 x   n  2 x
1
2
 cos   x   cos x  R.H.S.

Question 11:
 3   3 
Prove that cos   x   cos   x    2 sin x
 4   4 

Solution 11:

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 14

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 A B   A B 
It is known that cos A  cos B  2sin   .sin  
 2   2 
 3   3 
 L.H.S.  cos   x   cos   x
 4   4 
  3    3    3   3 
 4  x     4  x       x   x
     4   4 
 2sin   .sin  
 2   2 
   
 3 
 2sin   sin x
 4 
 
 2sin     sin x
 4

 2sin sin x
4
1
 2   sin x
2
  2 sin x
= R.H.S.

Question 12:
Prove that sin2 6x  sin2 4x  sin 2x sin10x

Solution 12:
It is known that
 A B   A B   A B   A B 
sin A  sin B  2sin   cos   , sin A  sin B  2cos   sin  
 2   2   2   2 
 L.H.S.  sin 2 6x  sin 2 4 x
 sin 6x  sin 4x sin 6x  sin 4x 
  6 x  4 x   6 x  4 x    6x  4x   6 x  4 x 
 2sin   cos   2cos   .sin  
  2   2    2   2 
  2sin5x cos x  2cos5x sin x    2sin5x cos5x  2sin x cos x 
 sin10x sin 2x
= R.H.S.

Question 13:
Prove that cos2 2x  cos2 6x  sin 4x sin8x

Solution 13:
It is known that

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 15

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 A B   A B   A B   A B 
cos A  cos B  2cos   cos   , cos A  cos B  2sin   sin  
 2   2   2   2 
 L.H.S.  cos2 2x  cos2 6 x
  cos 2x  cos6x  cos 2x  6x 
  2 x  6 x   2 x  6 x    2 x  6 x   2 x  6 x 
 2cos   cos   2sin   sin  
  2   2    2   2 
 2cos 4x cos  2x  2sin 4 x sin  2 x 
  2cos 4 x cos 2 x 2sin 4 x   sin 2 x 
  2sin 4x cos 4x  2sin 2x cos 2x 
 sin8x sin 4x  R.H.S

Question 14:
Prove that sin 2x  2sin 4x  sin 6x  4cos2 x sin 4x

Solution 14:
L.H.S.  sin 2x  2sin 4x  sin 6x
 sin 2x  sin 6 x  2sin 4 x
  2 x  6 x   2 x  6 x 
 2sin   cos    2sin 4 x
  2   2 
  A  B   A  B 
 sin A  sin B  2sin  2  cos  2 
    
 2sin 4x cos  2x   2sin 4x
 2sin 4x cos2x  2sin 4x
 2sin 4 x  cos 2 x  1
 2sin 4x  2cos2 x 1  1
 2sin 4 x  2cos2 x 
 4cos2 x sin 4x
 R.H.S.

Question 15:
Prove that cot 4x sin5x  sin3x   cot x sin5x  sin3x 

Solution 15:
L.H.S  cot 4x sin5x  sin3x 
cot 4 x   5x  3x   5x  3x 
  2sin   cos  
sin 4 x   2   2 

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 16

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

  A  B   A  B 
 sin A  sin B  2sin  2  cos  2 
    
 cos 4 x 
   2sin 4 x cos x
 sin 4 x 
 2cos 4x cos x
R.H.S.  cot x sin5x  sin3x 
cos x   5 x  3 x   5 x  3x  
  2cos   sin  
sin x   2   2 
  A  B   A  B 
 sin A  sin B  2cos  2  sin  2 
    
cos x
 2cos 4x sin x
sin x
 2cos 4x.cos x
L.H.S. = R.H.S.

Question 16:
cos9 x  cos5x sin 2 x
Prove that 
sin17 x  sin 3x cos10 x

Solution 16:
It is known that
 A B   A B   A B   A B 
cos A  cos B  2sin   sin   , sin A  sin B  2cos   sin  
 2   2   2   2 
cos9 x  cos5x
 L.H.S. 
sin17 x  sin 3x
 9 x  5x   9 x  5x 
2sin   .sin  
  2   2 
 17 x  3x   17 x  3x 
2 cos   .sin  
 2   2 
2sin 7 x.sin 2 x

2cos10 x.sin 7 x
sin 2 x

cos10 x
 R.H.S.

Question 17:
sin 5x  sin 3x
Prove that:  tan 4 x
cos5x  cos3x

Solution 17:
It is known that

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 17

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 A B   A B 
sin A  sin B  2sin   cos  ,
 2   2 
 A B   A B 
cos A  cos B  2cos   cos  
 2   2 
sin 5x  sin 3x
 L.H.S. 
cos5x  cos3x
 5 x  3x   5 x  3x 
2sin   .cos  
  2   2 
 5 x  3x   5 x  3x 
2cos   .cos  
 2   2 
2sin 4 x.cos x

2cos 4 x.cos x
 tan 4x  R.H.S.

Question 18:
sin x  sin y x y
Prove that  tan
cos x  cos y 2

Solution 18:
It is known that
 A B   A B 
sin A  sin B  2cos   sin  ,
 2   2 
 A B   A B 
cos A  cos B  2cos   cos  
 2   2 
sin x  sin y
 L.H.S. 
cos x  cos y
 x y  x y
2 cos   .sin  
  2   2 
 x y  x y
2 cos   .cos  
 2   2 
 x y
sin  
  2 
 x y
cos  
 2 
 x y
 tan    R.H.S.
 2 

Question 19:
sin x  sin 3x
Prove that  tan 2 x
cos x  cos3x

Solution 19:

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 18

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
It is known that
 A B   A B 
sin A  sin B  2sin   cos  ,
 2   2 
 A B   A B 
cos A  cos B  2cos   cos  
 2   2 
sin x  sin 3x
 L.H.S. 
cos x  cos3x
 x  3x   x  3x 
2sin   cos  
  2   2 
 x  3x   x  3x 
2 cos   cos  
 2   2 
sin 2 x

cos 2 x
 tan 2x
= R.H.S.

Question 20:
sin x  sin 3x
Prove that  2sin x
sin 2 x  cos2 x

Solution 20:
It is known that
 A B   A B 
sin A  sin B  2cos   sin   ,cos A  sin A  cos 2 A
2 2

 2   2 
sin x  sin 3x
 L.H.S.  2
sin x  cos2 x
 x  3 x   x  3x 
2cos   sin  
  2   2 
 cos 2 x
2cos 2 x sin   x 

 cos 2 x
 2    sin x 
 2sin x  R.H.S.

Question 21:
cos 4x  cos3x  cos 2x
Prove that  cot 3x
sin 4 x  sin 3x  sin 2 x

Solution 21:
cos 4 x  cos3x  cos 2 x
L.H.S. 
sin 4 x  sin 3x  sin 2 x

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 19

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions


 cos 4x  cos 2x   cos3x
sin 4 x  sin 2 x   sin 3x
 4x  2x   4x  2x 
2cos   cos    cos 3 x
  2   2 
 4x  2x   4x  2x 
2sin   cos    sin 3x
 2   2 
  A B   A B   A  B   A  B 
 cos A  cos B  2cos  2  cos  2  ,sin A  sin B  2sin  2  cos  2 
        
2cos3x cos cos3x

2sin 3x cos x  sin 3x
cos3x  2cos x  1

sin 3x  2cos x  1
cot 3x  R.H.S.

Question 22:
Prove that cot x cot 2x  cot 2x cot 3x  cot 3x cot x  1

Solution 22:
L.H.S.  cot x cot 2x  cot 2x cot 3x  cot 3x cot x
 cot x cot 2x  cot 3x  cot 2x  cot x 
 cot x cot 2x  cot  2x  x  cot 2x  cot x 
 cot 2 x cot x 1
 cot x cot 2 x    cot 2x  cot x 
 cot x  cot 2 x 
 cot A cot B 1
 cot  A  B   cot A  cot B 
 cot x cot 2x   cot 2x cot x 1  1  R.H.S.

Question 23:
4 tan x 1  tan 2 x 
Prove that tan 4 x 
1  6 tan 2 x  tan 4 x

Solution 23:
2 tan A
It is known that tan 2 A 
1  tan 2 A
 L.H.S.  tan 4x  tan 2  2x 
2 tan 2 x

1  tan 2  2 x 

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 20

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 2 tan x 
2 
1  tan 2 x 
  2
 2 tan x 
1  
 1  tan x 
2

 4 tan x 
 
1  tan 2 x 
 
 2 
1  4 tan x 2 
 1  tan 2 x  
 
 4 tan x 
 
 1  tan x 
2

 1  tan 2 x 2  4 tan 2 x 
 
   
2

 1  tan 2
x 
4 tan x 1  tan 2 x 

1  tan x 
2
2
 4 tan 2 x
4 tan x 1  tan 2 x 

1  tan 4 x  2 tan 2 x  4 tan 2 x
4 tan x 1  tan 2 x 
  R.H.S.
1  6 tan 2 x  tan 4 x

Question 24:
Prove that: cos 4x  1  8sin 2 x cos2 x

Solution 24:
L.H.S.  cos 4x
 cos 2  2x 
 1  2sin 2 2 x cos 2 A  1  2sin 2 A
 1  2  2sin x cos x  sin 2 A  2sin A cos A
2

 1  8sin 2 x cos2 x
 R.H.S.

Question 25:
Prove that: cos6x  32x cos6 x  48cos4 x 18cos2 x 1

Solution 25:
L.H.S.  cos6x
 cos3  2x 

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 21

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 4cos3 2 x  3cos 2 x cos3 A  4cos3 A  3cos A

 4  2cos2 x 1  3  2cos2 x 1 cos 2 x  2cos2 x 1

3

 
 4  2cos2 x   1  3  2cos2 x   3  2cos2 x   6cos2 x  3
3 3 2

 
 4 8cos x 1 12cos x  6cos x  6cos x  3
6 4 2 2

 32cos6 x  4  48cos4 x  24cos2 x  6cos2 x  3

 32cos6 x  48cos4 x 18 cos2 x 1
 R.H.S.

Exercise 3.4
Question 1:
Find the principal and general solutions of the question tan x  3 .

Solution 1:
tan x  3
  4    
It is known that tan  3 and tan    tan      tan  3
3  3   3 3
 4
Therefore, the principal solutions are x  and .
3 3

Now, tan x  tan
3

 x  n  , where n  Z
3

Therefore, the general solution is x  n  , where n  Z .
3

Question 2:
Find the principal and general solutions of the equation sec x  2

Solution 2:
sec x  2
 5   
It is known that sec  sec  2    sec  2
 2 and sec
3 3  3 3
 5
Therefore, the principal solutions are x  and .
3 3

Now, sec x  sec
3
  1 
 cos x  cos sec x  cos x 
3

 2n  , where n  Z .
3

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 22

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

Therefore, the general solution is x  2n  , where n  Z .
3

Question 3:
Find the principal and general solutions of the equation cot x   3

Solution 3:
cot x   3

It is known that cot  3
6
     
 cot       cot   3 and cot  2     cot   3
 6 6  6 6
5 11
i.e., cot   3 and cot  3
6 6
5 11
Therefore, the principal solutions are x  and .
6 6
5
Now, cot x  cot
6
5  1 
 tan x  tan  cot x 
6  tan x 
5
 x  n  , where n  Z
6
5
Therefore, the general solution is x  n  , where n  Z .
6

Question 4:
Find the general solution of cosecx  2

Solution 4:
cosec x  2
It is known that

cosec 2
6
     
 cosec      cosec  2 and cosec  2    cosec  2
 6 6  6 6
7 11
i.e., cosec  2 and cosec  2
6 6
7 11
Therefore, the principal solutions are x  and .
6 6
7
Now, cosec x  cosec
6

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 23

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
7  1 
 sin x  sin cosec x  sin x 
6
7
 x  n   1 , where n  Z
n

6
7
Therefore, the general solution is x  n   1 , where n  Z .
n

Question 5:
Find the general solution of the equation cos4x  cos2x

Solution 5:
cos4x  cos2x
 cos 4x  cos 2x  0
 4x  2x   4x  2x 
 2sin   sin  0
 2   2 
  A  B   A  B 
 cos A  cos B  2sin  2  sin  2 
    
sin3x sin x  0
 sin 3x  0 or sin x  0
 3x  n or sin x  0
 3x  n or x  n , where n  Z
n
x  or x  n , where n  Z
3

Question 6:
Find the general solution of the equation cos3x  cos x  cos2x  0 .

Solution 6:
cos3x  cos x  cos2x  0
 3x  2   3x  x    A  B   A  B 
 2cos   cos    cos 2 x  0 cos A  cos B  2cos  2  cos  2 
 2   2      
 2cos 2x cos x  cos 2x  0
 cos 2x  2cos x 1  0
 cos 2x  0 or 2cos x 1  0
1
 cos 2x  0 or cos x 
2
 
 2 x   2n  1 or cos x  cos , where n  Z
2 3
 
 x   2n  1 or x  2n  , where n  Z
4 3

Question 7:

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 24

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
Find the general solution of the equation sin 2x  cos x  0 .

Solution 7:
sin 2x  cos x  0
 2sin x cos x  cos x  0
 cos x  2sin x 1  0
 cos x  0 or 2sin x 1  0

Now, cos x  0  cos x   2n  1 , where n  Z
2
2sin x 1  0
1      7
 sin x    sin  sin      sin      sin
2 6  6  6 6
n 7
 x  n   1 , where n  Z
6
 n 7
Therefore, the general solution is  2n  1 or n   1 ,nZ .
2 6

Question 8:
Find the general solution of the equation sec2 2x  1  tan 2 x

Solution 8:
sec2 2x  1  tan 2 x
1  tan2 2x  1  tan 2x
 tan2 2x  tan 2x  0
 tan 2x  tan 2x 1  0
 tan 2x  0 or tan 2x 1  0
Now, tan 2x  0
 tan 2x  tan 0
 2x  n  0 , where n  Z
n
x  , where n  Z
2
tan 2x 1  0
   3
 tan 2 x  1   tan  tan      tan
4  4 4
3
 2 x  n  , where n  Z
4
n 3
x   , where n  Z
2 8
n n 3
Therefore, the general solution is or  ,nZ
2 2 8

Question 9:
Find the general solution of the equation sin x  sin3x  sin5x  0

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 25

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
Solution 9:
sin x  sin3x  sin5x  0
sin x  sin5x   sin3x  0
  x  5x   x  5x    A  B   A  B 
 2sin   cos    sin 3x  0 sin A  sin B  2sin   cos  
  2   2    2   2 
 2sin3x cos  2x   sin3x  0
 2sin3x cos 2x  sin3x  0
sin3x  2cos 2x 1  0
sin3x  0 or 2cos 2x 1  0
Now, sin3x  0 3x  n , where n  Z
n
i.e., x  , where n  Z
3
2cos2x 1  0
1   
 cos 2 x    cos  cos    
2 3  3
2
 cos 2 x  cos
3
2
 2 x  2n  , where n  Z
3

 x  n  , where n  Z
3
n 
Therefore, the general solution is or n  , n  Z .
3 3

Miscellaneous Exercise

Question 1:
 9 3 5
Prove that: 2cos cos  cos  cos 0
13 13 13 13

Solution 1:
 9 3 5
L.H.S.  2cos cos  cos  cos
13 13 13 13

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 26

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 3 5   3 5 
     
 9
 2cos cos  2cos  13 13  cos  13 13 
3 13 2 2
   
   
  x  y   x  y 
cos x  cos y  2cos  2  cos  2 
    

9 4   
 2cos  2cos
cos cos  
13 13 13  13 
 9 4 
 2cos cos  2cos cos
13 13 13 13
 9 4 
 2cos cos  2cos cos
13 13 13 13
  9 4 
 2cos cos  cos 
13  13 13 
  9 4  9 4 
   13  13  13

13 
 2 cos  2 cos   cos 
13   2  2 
   
   5 
 2cos 2cos cos 
13  2 26 
 5
 2cos  2  0  cos
13 26
 0  R.H.S.

Question 2:
Prove that: sin3x  sin x  sin x   cos3x  cos x  cos x  0

Solution 2:
L.H.S.  sin3x  sin x  sin x   cos3x  cos x  cos x
 sin3x sin x  sin2 x  cos3x cos x  cos2 x
 cos3x cos x  sin 3x sin x   cos2  sin 2 x 
 cos 3x  x   cos 2x cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin Asin B
 cos 2x  cos 2x
=0
= R.H.S.

Question 3:
x y
Prove that:  cos x  cos y    sin x  sin y   4cos2
2 2

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 27

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
Solution 3:
L.H.S.   cos x  cos y   sin x  sin y 
2 2

 cos2 x  cos2 y  2cos x cos y  sin2 x  sin2 y  2sin x sin y

  cos2 x  sin 2 x    cos2 y  sin 2 y   2  cos x cos y  sin x sin y 
 1  1  2cos  x  y  cos  A  B    cos A cos B  sin A sin B 
 2  2cos  x  y 
 2 1  cos  x  y 
  x y 
 2 1  2cos2   1 cos 2 A  2cos2 A 1
  2  
 x y
 4cos2    R.H.S
 2 

Question 4:
x y
Prove that:  cos x  cos y    sin x  sin y   4sin 2
2 2

Solution 4:
L.H.S.  cos x  cos y   sin x  sin y 
2 2

 cos2 x  cos2 y  2cos x cos y  sin2 x  sin2 y  2sin x sin y

  cos2 x  sin 2 x    cos2 y  sin 2 y   2cos x cos y  sin x sin y 
 1  1  2 cos  x  y  cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B 
 2 1  cos  x  y 
   x  y  
 2 1  1  2sin 2   cos 2 A  1  2sin 2 A
   2 
 x y
 4sin 2    R.H.S
 2 

Question 5:
Prove that: sin x  sin3x  sin5x  sin7 x  4cos x cos2x sin 4x

Solution 5:
 A B   A B 
It is known that sin A  sin B  2sin   .cos  
 2   2 
L.H.S.  sin x  sin3x  sin5x  sin7x
 sin x  sin5x   sin3x  sin 7 x 
 x  5x   x  5x   3x  7 x   3x  7 x 
 2sin   .cos    2sin   cos  
 2   2   2   2 

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 28

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

 2sin3x cos  2x   2sin5x cos  2 x 

 2sin3x cos2x  2sin5x cos2x
 2cos 2x sin3x  sin5x
  3x  5 x   3x  5 x  
 2cos 2 x 2sin   .cos  
  2   2 
 2cos 2 x 2sin 4 x.cos   x 
 4cos2x sin 4x cos x  R.H.S.

Question 6:

Prove that:
sin 7 x  sin 5x   sin 9x  sin 3x   tan 6x
 cos 7 x  cos5x    cos9 x  cos3x 

Solution 6:
It is known that
 A B   A B   A B   A B 
sin A  sin B  2sin   .cos   ,cos A  cos B  2cos   .cos  
 2   2   2   2 

L.H.S. 
sin 7 x  sin 5x   sin 9 x  sin 3x 
 cos 7 x  cos5x    cos9 x  cos3x 
  7 x  5x   7 x  5x    9 x  3x   9 x  3x  
 2sin  2  .cos  2     2sin  2  .cos  2  
        
 
  7 x  5x   7 x  5x    9 x  3x   9 x  3x  
 2cos  2  .cos  2     2cos  2  .cos  2  
         


2sin 6x.cos x  2sin 6 x.cos3x
2cos 6x.cos x  2cos 6x.cos 6x
2sin 6 x cos x  cos3x

2cos 6 x cos x  cos3x
 tan 6x
 R.H.S

Question 7:
x 3x
Prove that: sin 3x  sin 2 x  sin x  4sin x cos cos
2 2

Solution 7:
L.H.S.  sin3x  sin 2x  sin x
  2 x  x   2 x  x    A  B   A  B 
 sin 3x  2cos   sin   sin A  sin B  2cos  2  sin  2 
  2   2      
  3x   x  
 sin 3x  2cos   sin  
  2   2 

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 29

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
3x x
 sin 3x  2cos sin
2 2
3x 3x 3x x
 2sin .cos  2cos sin sin 2 A  2sin A.cos B
2 2 2 2
 3x    3x   x 
 2cos   sin    sin  
 2   2   2 
   3x   x     3x   x  
        2    2  
 3x    2   2       
 2 cos   2sin   cos  
 2   2   2 
    

  A  B   A  B 
sin A  sin B  2sin  2  cos  2 
    
 3x   x
 2cos   .2sin x cos  
 2  2
 x  3x 
 4sin x cos   cos    R.H.S.
2  2

Question 8:
x x x 4
Find sin ,cos and tan , if tan x  , x in quadrant II
2 2 2 3

Solution 8:
Here, x is in quadrant II.

i.e.,  x 
2
 x 
  
4 2 2
x x x
There, sin ,cos and tan
2 2 2
are lies in first quadrant.
4
It is given that tan x  
3
 4  6 25
2

sec x  1  tan x  1     1  
2 2

 3  9 9
9
 cos2 x 
25
3
 cos x  
5
As x is in quadrant II, cos x is negative.

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 30

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
3
cos x 
5
x
Now, cos x  2cos2 1
2
3 x
  2cos2  1
5 2
x 3
 2cos2  1 
2 5
x 2
 2cos2 
2 5
x 1
 cos2 
2 5
x 1  x 
 cos   cos 2 is positive
2 5
x 5
 cos 
2 5
x x
sin 2  cos2  1
2 2
2
x  1 
 sin  
2
1
2  5 
x 1 4
 sin 2  1  
2 5 5
x 2  x 
 sin 2   sin is positive
2 5  2 
x  2 
sin  
x
tan  2   5
2
2 cos x  1 
2  5 
x x x 2 5 5
Thus, the respective values of sin ,cos and tan are , , and 2.
2 2 2 5 5

Question 9:
x x x 1
Find, sin ,cos and tan for cos x   , x in quadrant III
2 2 2 3

Solution 9:
Here, x is in quadrant III.
3
i.e.,   x 
2
 x 3
  
2 2 4

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 31

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
x x x
Therefore, cos and tan are negative, where sin as is positive.
2 2 2
1
It is given that cos x   .
3
x
cos x  1  2sin 2
2
x 1  cos x
 sin 2 
2 2
 1  1
1     1  
 sin 2     
x 3 3 4/3 2
 
2 2 2 2 3
x 2  x 
 sin   sin is positive
2 3  2 
x 2 3 6
 sin   
2 3 3 3
x
Now cos x  2cos2  1
2
 1   3 1   2 
1       
x 1  cos x
  
3 3   3 1
 cos2   
2 2 2 2 2 3
x 1  x 
 cos    cos is negative
2 3  2 
x 1 3  3
 cos    
2 3 3 3
 
x  2
sin
x
tan  2  3  2
2 cos x  1 
2  3 
x x x 6  3
Thus, the respective values of sin ,cos and tan are , ,and  2 .
2 2 2 3 3

Question 10:
x x x 1
Find sin ,cos and tan for sin x  , x in quadrant II
2 2 2 4

Solution 10:
Here, x is in quadrant II.

i.e.,  x 
2
 x 
  
4 2 2

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 32

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
x x x
Therefore, sin , cos , tan are all positive.
2 2 2
1
It is given that sin x 
4
2
1 1 15
cos2 x  1  sin 2 x  1     1  
4 16 16
15
 cos x   [cos x is negative in quadrant II]
4
 15 
1   
2 x 1  cos x  4  4  15
sin   
2 2 2 8
x 4  15  x 
 sin   sin is negative
2 8 2 
4  15 2
 
8 2
8  2 15

16
8  2 15

4
 15 
1   
2 x 1  cos x  4  4  15
cos   
2 2 2 8
x 4  15  x 
 cos   cos 2 is positve
2 8
4  15 2
 
8 2
8  2 15

16
8  2 15

4
 8  2 15 
x  
sin  4 
x
tan  2    8  2 15
2 cos x 8  2 15 8  2 15
2 4
8  2 15 8  2 15
 
8  2 15 8  2 15

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 33

Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions

8  2 15 
2
8  2 15
   4  15
64  60 2
x x x
Thus, the respective values are sin ,cos and tan
2 2 2
8  2 15 8  2 15
are , and 4  15
4 4

3.Trigonometric Functions www.vedantu.com 34