5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters

Android - Intents and Filters

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An Android Intent is an abstract description of an operation to be performed. It can be

used with startActivity to launch an Activity, broadcastIntent to send it to any
interested BroadcastReceiver components, and startService(Intent) or
bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int) to communicate with a background
Service.

The intent itself, an Intent object, is a passive data structure holding an

abstract description of an operation to be performed.

For example, let's assume that you have an Activity that needs to launch an email client
and sends an email using your Android device. For this purpose, your Activity would send
an ACTION_SEND along with appropriate chooser, to the Android Intent Resolver. The
specified chooser gives the proper interface for the user to pick how to send your email
data.

Intent email = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND, Uri.parse("mailto:"));

email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, recipients);
email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject.getText().toString());
email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, body.getText().toString());
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(email, "Choose an email client from..."));

Above syntax is calling startActivity method to start an email activity and result should be
as shown below −

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For example, assume that you have an Activity that needs to open URL in a web browser
on your Android device. For this purpose, your Activity will send ACTION_WEB_SEARCH
Intent to the Android Intent Resolver to open given URL in the web browser. The Intent
Resolver parses through a list of Activities and chooses the one that would best match your
Intent, in this case, the Web Browser Activity. The Intent Resolver then passes your web
page to the web browser and starts the Web Browser Activity.

String q = "tutorialspoint";
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH );
intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY, q);
startActivity(intent);

Above example will search as tutorialspoint on android search engine and it gives the
result of tutorialspoint in your an activity

There are separate mechanisms for delivering intents to each type of component −
activities, services, and broadcast receivers.

Sr.No Method & Description

Context.startActivity()

1 The Intent object is passed to this method to launch a new activity or get an
existing activity to do something new.

Context.startService()
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object our to
is passed services. By using our
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to initiate to our
a service or Cookies
deliver Policy.
new
instructions to an ongoing service.
Accept
3 Context.sendBroadcast()
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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters

The Intent object is passed to this method to deliver the message to all
interested broadcast receivers.

Intent Objects
An Intent object is a bundle of information which is used by the component that receives
the intent as well as information used by the Android system.

An Intent object can contain the following components based on what it is communicating
or going to perform −

Action
This is mandatory part of the Intent object and is a string naming the action to be
performed — or, in the case of broadcast intents, the action that took place and is being
reported. The action largely determines how the rest of the intent object is structured .
The Intent class defines a number of action constants corresponding to different intents.
Here is a list of Android Intent Standard Actions

The action in an Intent object can be set by the setAction() method and read by
getAction().

Data
Adds a data specification to an intent filter. The specification can be just a data type (the
mimeType attribute), just a URI, or both a data type and a URI. A URI is specified by
separate attributes for each of its parts −

These attributes that specify the URL format are optional, but also mutually dependent −

If a scheme is not specified for the intent filter, all the other URI attributes are ignored.

If a host is not specified for the filter, the port attribute and all the path attributes are
ignored.

The setData() method specifies data only as a URI, setType() specifies it only as a MIME
type, and setDataAndType() specifies it as both a URI and a MIME type. The URI is read by
getData() and the type by getType().

Some examples of action/data pairs are −

Sr.No.
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ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/people/1
1 Accept
Display information about the person whose identifier is "1".

Learn more
2 ACTION_DIAL content://contacts/people/1
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Display the phone dialer with the person filled in.

ACTION_VIEW tel:123
3
Display the phone dialer with the given number filled in.

ACTION_DIAL tel:123
4
Display the phone dialer with the given number filled in.

ACTION_EDIT content://contacts/people/1
5
Edit information about the person whose identifier is "1".

ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/people/
6
Display a list of people, which the user can browse through.

ACTION_SET_WALLPAPER
7
Show settings for choosing wallpaper

ACTION_SYNC

8 It going to be synchronous the data,Constant Value is

android.intent.action.SYNC

ACTION_SYSTEM_TUTORIAL
9
It will start the platform-defined tutorial(Default tutorial or start up tutorial)

ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED
10
It intimates when time zone has changed

ACTION_UNINSTALL_PACKAGE
11
It is used to run default uninstaller

Category
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The category is an optional part of Intent object and it's a string containing additional
Accept
information about the kind of component that should handle the intent. The addCategory()
method places a category in an Intent object, removeCategory() deletes a category
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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters

previously added, and getCategories() gets the set of all categories currently in the object.
Here is a list of Android Intent Standard Categories .

You can check detail on Intent Filters in below section to understand how do we use
categories to choose appropriate activity corresponding to an Intent.

Extras
This will be in key-value pairs for additional information that should be delivered to the
component handling the intent. The extras can be set and read using the putExtras() and
getExtras() methods respectively. Here is a list of Android Intent Standard Extra Data

Flags
These flags are optional part of Intent object and instruct the Android system how to
launch an activity, and how to treat it after it's launched etc.

Sr.No Flags & Description

FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK

If set in an Intent passed to Context.startActivity(), this flag will cause any

existing task that would be associated with the activity to be cleared before the
1
activity is started. That is, the activity becomes the new root of an otherwise
empty task, and any old activities are finished. This can only be used in
conjunction with FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK.

FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP

If set, and the activity being launched is already running in the current task,
2 then instead of launching a new instance of that activity, all of the other
activities on top of it will be closed and this Intent will be delivered to the (now
on top) old activity as a new Intent.

FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK

This flag is generally used by activities that want to present a "launcher" style
3
behavior: they give the user a list of separate things that can be done, which
otherwise run completely independently of the activity launching them.

Component Name
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This optional field is an android ComponentName object representing either Activity,

Service or BroadcastReceiver class. If it is Accept
set, the Intent object is delivered to an instance
of the designated class otherwise Android uses other information in the Intent object to
locate a suitable target. Learn more

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The component name is set by setComponent(), setClass(), or setClassName() and read

by getComponent().

Types of Intents
There are following two types of intents supported by Android

Explicit Intents
Explicit intent going to be connected internal world of application,suppose if you wants to
connect one activity to another activity, we can do this quote by explicit intent, below
image is connecting first activity to second activity by clicking button.

These intents designate the target component by its name and they are typically used for
application-internal messages - such as an activity starting a subordinate service or
launching a sister activity. For example −

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// Explicit Intent by specifying its class name
Intent i = new Intent(FirstActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);

// Starts TargetActivity Accept

startActivity(i);

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Implicit Intents
These intents do not name a target and the field for the component name is left blank.
Implicit intents are often used to activate components in other applications. For example −

Intent read1=new Intent();

read1.setAction(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
read1.setData(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI);
startActivity(read1);

Above code will give result as shown below

The target component which receives the intent can use the getExtras() method to get
the extra data sent by the source component. For example −
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// Get bundle object at appropriate place in your code
Bundle extras = getIntent().getExtras();
Accept
// Extract data using passed keys
String value1 = extras.getString("Key1");
String value2 = extras.getString("Key2"); Learn more

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Example
Following example shows the functionality of a Android Intent to launch various Android
built-in applications.

Step Description

1 You will use Android studio IDE to create an Android application and name it as My
Application under a package com.example.saira_000.myapplication.

2 Modify src/main/java/MainActivity.java file and add the code to define two listeners
corresponding two buttons ie. Start Browser and Start Phone.

3 Modify layout XML file res/layout/activity_main.xml to add three buttons in linear

layout.

4 Run the application to launch Android emulator and verify the result of the changes
done in the application.

Following is the content of the modified main activity file src/com.example.My

Application/MainActivity.java.

package com.example.saira_000.myapplication;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

Button b1,b2;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

b1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
b1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent i = new Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
Uri.parse("http://www.example.com"));
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startActivity(i);
}
});
Accept
b2=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
b2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override Learn more
public void onClick(View v) {
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Intent i = new Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
Uri.parse("tel:9510300000"));
startActivity(i);
}
});
}
}

Following will be the content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Intent Example"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:textSize="30dp" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Tutorials point"
android:textColor="#ff87ff09"
android:textSize="30dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

<ImageButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/imageButton"
android:src="@drawable/abc"
android:layout_below="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

<EditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/editText"
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android:layout_alignRight="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/imageButton" />
Accept
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"Learn more
android:text="Start Browser"
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android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignTop="@+id/editText"
android:layout_alignRight="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/imageButton" />

<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start Phone"
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_below="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignRight="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/textView2" />
</RelativeLayout>

Following will be the content of res/values/strings.xml to define two new constants −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>
<string name="app_name">My Applicaiton</string>
</resources>

Following is the default content of AndroidManifest.xml −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.saira_000.myapplication">

<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>

Let's try to run your My Application application. I assume you had created your AVD
while doing environment setup. To run the app from Android Studio, open one of your
project's activity files and click Run icon from the toolbar.Android Studio installs the app
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on your AVD and starts it and if everything is fine with your setup and application, it will
display following Emulator window −
Accept

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Now click on Start Browser button, which will start a browser configured and display
http://www.example.com as shown below −

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Accept

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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters

Similar way you can launch phone interface using Start Phone button, which will allow you
to dial already given phone number.

Intent Filters
You have seen how an Intent has been used to call an another activity. Android OS uses
filters to pinpoint the set of Activities, Services, and Broadcast receivers that can handle
the Intent with help of specified set of action, categories, data scheme associated with an
Intent. You will use <intent-filter> element in the manifest file to list down actions,
categories and data types associated with any activity, service, or broadcast receiver.

Following is an example of a part of AndroidManifest.xml file to specify an activity

com.example.My Application.CustomActivity which can be invoked by either of the
two mentioned actions, one category, and one data −

<activity android:name=".CustomActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">

<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<action android:name="com.example.My Application.LAUNCH" />
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<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:scheme="http" />
</intent-filter>
Accept
</activity>

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Once this activity is defined along with above mentioned filters, other activities will be able
to invoke this activity using either the android.intent.action.VIEW, or using the
com.example.My Application.LAUNCH action provided their category is
android.intent.category.DEFAULT.

The <data> element specifies the data type expected by the activity to be called and for
above example our custom activity expects the data to start with the "http://"

There may be a situation that an intent can pass through the filters of more than one
activity or service, the user may be asked which component to activate. An exception is
raised if no target can be found.

There are following test Android checks before invoking an activity −

A filter <intent-filter> may list more than one action as shown above but this list
cannot be empty; a filter must contain at least one <action> element, otherwise it
will block all intents. If more than one actions are mentioned then Android tries to
match one of the mentioned actions before invoking the activity.

A filter <intent-filter> may list zero, one or more than one categories. if there is no
category mentioned then Android always pass this test but if more than one
categories are mentioned then for an intent to pass the category test, every
category in the Intent object must match a category in the filter.

Each <data> element can specify a URI and a data type (MIME media type). There
are separate attributes like scheme, host, port, and path for each part of the
URI. An Intent object that contains both a URI and a data type passes the data
type part of the test only if its type matches a type listed in the filter.

Example
Following example is a modification of the above example. Here we will see how Android
resolves conflict if one intent is invoking two activities defined in , next how to invoke a
custom activity using a filter and third one is an exception case if Android does not file
appropriate activity defined for an intent.

Step Description

1 You will use android studio to create an Android application and name it as My
Application under a package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;.
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2 Modify src/Main/Java/MainActivity.java file and add the code to define three listeners
corresponding to three buttons defined in layout file.
Accept

3 Add a new src/Main/Java/CustomActivity.java file to have one custom activity which will
be invoked by different intents. Learn more

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4 Modify layout XML file res/layout/activity_main.xml to add three buttons in linear

layout.

5 Add one layout XML file res/layout/custom_view.xml to add a simple <TextView> to

show the passed data through intent.

6 Modify AndroidManifest.xml to add <intent-filter> to define rules for your intent to

invoke custom activity.

7 Run the application to launch Android emulator and verify the result of the changes
done in the application.

Following is the content of the modified main activity file src/MainActivity.java.

package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

Button b1,b2,b3;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
b1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
b1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent i = new Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
Uri.parse("http://www.example.com"));
startActivity(i);
}
});

b2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
b2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent i = new Intent("com.example.
tutorialspoint7.myapplication.
LAUNCH",Uri.parse("http://www.example.com"));
startActivity(i);
}
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b3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button3);
Accept
b3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Learn more
Intent i = new Intent("com.example.
My Application.LAUNCH",
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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters
Uri.parse("https://www.example.com"));
startActivity(i);
}
});
}
}

Following is the content of the modified main activity file src/com.example.My

Application/CustomActivity.java.

package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
* Created by TutorialsPoint7 on 8/23/2016.
*/
public class CustomActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.custom_view);
TextView label = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.show_data);
Uri url = getIntent().getData();
label.setText(url.toString());
}
}

Following will be the content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication.MainActivity">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Intent Example"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
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android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:textSize="30dp" />

<TextView Accept
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"Learn more
android:text="Tutorials point"
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android:textColor="#ff87ff09"
android:textSize="30dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

<ImageButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/imageButton"
android:src="@drawable/abc"
android:layout_below="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

<EditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/editText"
android:layout_below="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_alignRight="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/imageButton" />

<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start Browser"
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignTop="@+id/editText"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/imageButton" />

<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start browsing with launch action"
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_below="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/button" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Exceptional condition"
android:id="@+id/button3"
android:layout_below="@+id/button2"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button2"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button2"
android:layout_toStartOf="@+id/editText"
android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" />
</RelativeLayout>

Following will be
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to provide of res/layout/custom_view.xml
and improve our services. By using our site, you file − to our Cookies Policy.
consent

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

Accept
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView android:id="@+id/show_data" Learn more
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters
android:layout_height="400dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

Following will be the content of res/values/strings.xml to define two new constants −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>
<string name="app_name">My Application</string>
</resources>

Following is the default content of AndroidManifest.xml −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication">

<application
android:allowBackup = "true"
android:icon = "@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl = "true"
android:theme = "@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name = ".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

<activity android:name="com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication.CustomActivity">

<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<action android:name = "com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication.LAUNCH" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:scheme = "http" />
</intent-filter>

</activity>
</application>

</manifest>

Let's try to run your My Application application. I assume you had created your AVD
while doing environment setup. To run the app from Android Studio, open one of your
project's activity files and click Run icon from the toolbar. Android Studio installs the app
on your AVD and starts it and if everything is fine with your setup and application, it will
display following Emulator window −
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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters

Now let's start with first button "Start Browser with VIEW Action". Here we have defined
our custom activity with a filter "android.intent.action.VIEW", and there is already one
default activity against VIEW action defined by Android which is launching web browser, So
android displays following two options to select the activity you want to launch.

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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters

Now if you select Browser, then Android will launch web browser and open example.com
website but if you select IndentDemo option then Android will launch CustomActivity which
does nothing but just capture passed data and displays in a text view as follows −

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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters

Now go back using back button and click on "Start Browser with LAUNCH Action" button,
here Android applies filter to choose define activity and it simply launch your custom
activity

Again, go back using back button and click on "Exception Condition" button, here Android
tries to find out a valid filter for the given intent but it does not find a valid activity defined
because this time we have used data as https instead of http though we are giving a
correct action, so Android raises an exception and shows following screen −

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5/14/2019 Android Intents and Filters

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