1 cis situated in the second q rant: A point j ji join Projections of 2 AfMlg. above the HP. and behind the VP. ven ; is the front vi i Pr quadrant. cet na gh A point may be six i, ns ‘e-0, Introduct ir at, vi Janes are rotated, both the views - anyone of tne four guadrares formed by the, pe i Ee ed bo Se os projection ie in any one sis hee 55 eanang bce te tne planes . ” : ce of the planes is then rotated so hid quadrants are opened out. The projenst, q aie uae face In thelr TESPECTIVE Postion ar below or in #¥ 7 N » Ty aube, HH, e Fic. 8-2 Fa. 8-3 3. A point is situated in the third quadrant: A point cg B-3)'is below the HP. and behind the VP. ie. in the thrd quadrant. Its front view c's below xy and the top view catove xy Also c'o = Ge and co = Ge’ 8-4, A point is situated in the fourth quadrant: A point E (fig. 8-4) is below the H.P. and in front of the VP, ie. inthe fourth quadrant. Goth its projections are below xy. and to» Go and eo = Eo" Reterring to fig. 6-5, we see that, (0A point Mf is in the HP. and in front of the VP. front view m’ is in xy and the top view ™ below it. A point W is in the V.P. and above, the HP. Is top view mis in xy and the front view 0" above i Gil point 0 is in both the H.P. and the VP. Its projection 2 and 0” coincide with each other In 4 — Fig, 8-1 Reine {s situated in the first quadrant: The pct in iret’ A) shows @ point 4 situated above the HP. Men ana P. tein the frst quadrant 2” is sf project (ihe, 2P view, After rotation of the plane. Fi above ll Been a8 shown in fig, Bi, The Hat 3 and tineyne, Me FOB view 2 below it The Kine Faht angen" 2189 is called @ projector), intersects #5 Pictorial New chat PONE 2. Ie is quite evident, from Wiew from sy erat 22 = a, Le. the distance of th 7 Te. ne distance of from the HP. vit sain A ican ene ge of the op view from 77_— Fis, 6-4 8-5, General conclusion: (i) The line joining the top view and the front view ¢ point is always perpendicular to xy. It is called: projector. When a point is above the H-P., its front view i above ay; when it is below the H.P., the front ver is below zy. The distance of a point from the HA is shown by the length of the projector from its frat view to xy. eg. a'o, b’o etc. When 2 point is in front. of the V.P. its top wens below 7. when it is behind the VR. the top vet is above sy. The distance of a paint from the V2 's shown by the length of the projector from ie iew to 2Y, €9. 20, bo ete. When a poi then 2 point is in a reference plane, its prose reference plane is in. xy. Problem 1. (fig. 8. ‘and 3 em in front of the V. ww iy He. paint A ia 25 cm. above aia : . Oraw its projections. ‘aw the reference line xy {fig. 8-1) Through any point o in it, draw a perpendicular. Projections of Points ‘ia is above the HP. and in front of the vp. int js te POUT be above x7 and the top view below xy front vem i epencicular. mark a point a” above xy, such i On iN. gre 25 om. Similarly, mark 2 point 3 ‘below nat Rat 20 = 3 om. yg are the required projections. 2" ore (fig. 8-8}: A point A is 2 cm below the HP. problem pind the V.P. Draw its projections. pen a e «| Fe. 88 ta tne point is below the HP. and behind the VP. is below xy and the top view above xy. we view will Be ts problem 1 and as Draw the projections as explained stown in fig. 8-6. EXERCISES Vil tn) Draw the projections of the following points on the same fraund line, Keeping the projectors 25 mm apart. 4. in the K.P, and 20 mm behind the V.P. 8. 40 mm above the H.P. and 26 mm in front ©, in the V.P. and 40 mm above the H.P. 0, 25 mm below the H.P. and 25 mm behind the VP. E, 15 mm above the H.P. and 50 mm behind the VP. F, 40 mm below the H.P. and 25 mm in front of the VP. G, in both the H.P. and the V.P. (2) & point P is 50 mm from both the reference planes. Orow Xs projections in all possible positions. (@) State the quadrants in which the following paints 2 (@1 A point P: tts top view is 40 mm above 27 the front view, 20 mm below the top view. (©) A point @, its projections ‘coincide with ‘40 mm below xy. of the VE. jated: ich other ———_ Elomentar' 184 joints are given ; Poe various PI i n in fi (4) projections each point wih respect to Be the po! a e distances in centim a projection. giving th etree, Pan y Engineering Drawing Fic. 8-7 int P is 15 mm above the H.P. and 29 7 (5) o “he V.P. Another point @ is 25 mm behind on and 40 mm below the H.P. Draw projections ofp @ keeping the distance between their projectors J 90 mm. Draw straight lines joining (i) their top vgs, (ii) their front views. ay (6) Two points A and B are in the H.P. The point A is} mm in front of the V.P., while & is behind the vp N distance between their projectors is 75 mm and thei joining their top views makes an angle of 45° with \ Find the distance of the paint B from the V.P. quadrant. Its shortest distance from xy is 40 mm. tl its projections. distance from the intersection point of HP. VP.* auxiliary plane is 60 mm and it is equidistant fron! principal planes. Draw the projections of the point #4 determine its distance from the principal planes. a 3) A point 30 mm above xy line is the plan-vew #1 points P and @. The elevation of P is 4 nn ie HP. while that of the point @ is 95 mm bb, cite the projections of the points and sty Position with - refer Incinal pen ence to tl rincipal P' quadrant in which they lie, mF ° ,