ENGINEERING DRAWING AND
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(CE13003)
Projection of Plane
IIT Kharagpur
Dr. Sharma Gajanand Santoshkumar
Emails: gsharma@iitkgp.ac.in
PROJECTIONS AND VIEWS
• 3D objects can be represented in a single plane - sheet of paper, using
projecting lines and planes.
• All projection theory is based on two variables: line of sight (projecting
lines) and plane of projection.
2
FRONTAL, HORIZONTAL & PROFILE PLANE
• The object is viewed • The top view is • The right side view is
perpendicular to the projected onto the projected onto the
main faces horizontal plane of right profile plane of
projection projection parallel to
the right side
The top view of an object The side view of an
FV shows the height and object shows the depth
width of the object, but shows the width and
depth dimensions and height dimensions
not its depth 3
PROJECTIONS OF PLANES
• A plane is a two dimensional object having length and breadth only. Its
thickness is always neglected. Various shapes of plane figures are
considered such as square, rectangle, circle, pentagon, hexagon, etc.
4
A GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR DRAWING ANY
POLYGON
• Draw AB = given length of polygon
• At B, Draw BP perpendicular & = AB
P
• Draw Straight line AP 6
• With center B and radius AB, draw arc AP. 5
• The perpendicular bisector of AB meets st. 4
line AP and arc AP in 4 and 6 respectively.
• Draw circles with centers as 4, 5,&6 and
radii as 4B, 5B, & 6B and inscribe a square, A B
pentagon, & hexagon in the respective
circles.
• Mark point 7, 8, etc with 6-7,7-8,etc. = 4-5
to get the centers of circles of heptagon
and octagon, etc.
5
PROJECTIONS OF PLANES
• What is usually asked in the problem?
• To draw their projections means F.V, T.V. & S.V.
• What will be given in the problem?
• Description of the plane figure.
• It’s position with HP and VP.
• In which manner it’s position with HP & VP will be described?
• Inclination of it’s SURFACE with one of the reference planes will be
given.
• Inclination of one of it’s EDGES with other reference planes will be
given
6
RECTANGLE
SURFACE PARALLEL TO HP SURFACE INCLINED TO HP ONE SMALL SIDE INCLINED TO VP
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION
FV-1 FV-2
FV-3
-1
TV
3
-2
T V-
TV
ORTHOGRAPHIC ORTHOGRAPHIC ORTHOGRAPHIC
TV-True Shape FV- Inclined to XY FV- Apparent Shape
FV- Line // to xy TV- Reduced Shape TV-Previous Shape
VP
VP VP
d1’ c1’
a’ d’ a1’ b1’
b’ c’
a d a1 d1
b c b1 c1
HP A HP B HP C 7
Surface inclined to which plane? -------
HP
PROBLEM 1 Assumption for initial position?
------// to HP
• Rectangle 30mm and 50mm sides is So which view will show True shape?
resting on HP on one small side which is 300 ---TV
inclined to VP,while the surface of the plane Which side will be vertical?
---One small side.
makes 450 inclination with HP. Draw it’s Hence begin with TV, draw rectangle below X-
projections. Y drawing one small side vertical.
8
EXAMPLE
• A regular pentagon of 25 mm side has one side on the ground. Its plane is
inclined at 45o to the HP and perpendicular to the VP. Draw its projections
and show its traces.
9
EXAMPLE
10
EXAMPLE
Draw the projections of a regular hexagon of 25 mm side, having one of its
sides in the HP and inclined at 600 to the VP, and its surface making an angle
of 450 with the HP.
Step 3
Step 6
Step 2
Step 1
Step 4 11
EXAMPLE
• A circle of 50 mm diameter is resting on Hp on end A of it’s diameter AC
which is 300 inclined to Hp while it’s Tv is 450 inclined to Vp. Draw it’s
projections.
c’1
b’
a’ b’ d’ c’ a’1 d’1
300
X 450 Y
d d1
a c a c1
1
b b1
12
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