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Beggs & Brill Method
Sun, 30 Aug 2015
Beggs and Brill (1973) correlation, is one of the few correlations capable of handling all ow directions
encountered in oil and gas operations, namely uphill, downhill, horizontal, inclined and vertical ow for two phase
uid.
Total pressure gradient is described by following relation.
dP/dZ = [(dP/dZ)Fric. +(dP/dZ)Ele.]/(1-Ek)
where, (dP/dZ)Fric. is pressure gradient due to friction, (dP/dZ)Ele. is hydrostatic pressure difference and Ek
estimates pressure loss due to acceleration.
Flow Pattern Map
A ow regime is identi ed based on the Froude number of the mixture (Frm) and input liquid content (no slip
liquid holdup CL).
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Frm = vm²/ g.D
where, vm is mixture velocity, D is pipe inside diameter and g is gravitational constant.
CL = QL/ (QL + QG)
where, QL is liquid volumetric ow and QG is gas volumetric ow.
The transition lines for correlation are de ned as follows:
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L1 = 316 CL0.302
L2 = 0.0009252 CL-2.4684
L3 = 0.1 CL-1.4516
L4 = 0.5 CL-6.738
Segregated Flow
CL < 0.01 and Frm < L1
OR CL >= 0.01 and Frm < L2
Intermittent Flow
0.01 <= CL < 0.4 and L3 < Frm <= L1
OR CL >= 0.4 and L3 < Frm <= L4
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Distributed Flow
CL < 0.4 and Frm >= L4
OR CL >= 0.4 and Frm > L4
Transition Flow
L2 < Frm < L3
Liquid Holdup, EL(θ)
Once ow type has been determined, liquid holdup for horizontal ow EL(0) is calculated.
EL(0) = a CLb / Frmc
Flow Regime a b c
Segregated 0.98 0.4846 0.0868
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Flow Regime a b c
Intermittent 0.845 0.5351 0.0173
Distributed 1.065 0.5824 0.0609
EL(0) must be greater than CL, if EL(0) is smaller than CL, then EL(0) is assigned a value of CL. Actual liquid
volume fraction is obtained by multiplying EL(0) by a correction factor, B(θ).
EL(θ) = B(θ) x EL(0)
B(θ) is obtained as -
B(θ) = 1 + β(sin(1.8θ) - (1/3)sin³(1.8θ))
where θ is the angle of inclination of pipe with horizontal.
Correction factor β is calculated as following -
β = (1 - CL)ln( d.CLe.NLVf.Frmg )
Uphill d e f g
Segregated 0.011 -3.768 3.539 -1.614
Intermittent 2.96 0.305 -0.4473 0.0978
Distributed β=0
Downhill d e f g
All 4.7 -0.3692 0.1244 -0.5056
Liquid velocity number, NLV is given by:
NLV = 1.938 Vsl(ρL/ (g.σ))1/4
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Vsl is no slip liquid velocity, ρL is liquid density, g is gravitational constant and σ is surface tension.
For transition ow,
EL(θ)transition = AEL(θ)segregated + BEL(θ)intermittent
where A and B are as following -
A = ( L3 - Frm)/(L3 - L2)
B = 1- A
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Liquid holdup, EL(θ) is used to calculate mixture density ρm.
ρm = ρL.EL(θ) + ρG.(1-EL(θ))
(dP/dZ)Elevation
Pressure change due to the hydrostatic head of the vertical component of the pipe is given by:
(dP/dZ)Ele. = ρm.g.sin(θ)/(144.gc)
(dP/dZ)Friction
Calculate no slip Reynold's number using no slip mixture density and viscosity.
ReNS = ρNS.Vm.D/μNS
No slip friction factor, fNS is then calculated using Colebrook-White equation.
Ratio of friction factor is de ned as
fTP/ fNS = eS
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Value of S is governed by following conditions -
S = ln(2.2y - 1.2)
if 1 < y < 1.2, otherwise -
S = ln(y)/(-0.0523 + 3.182.ln(y) - 0.8725.(ln(y))2 + 0.01853.(ln(y))4 )
where y is de ned as
y = CL / EL(θ)²
Pressure loss due to friction is:
(dP/dZ)Fric. = 2.fTP.Vm².ρNS /(144.gc.D)
Pressure loss due to acceleration, factor Ek is given by:
Ek = ρm.Vm.Vsg/(gc.P)
where, Vsg is no slip gas velocity and P is gas pressure.
Spreadsheet for Beggs & Brill Method
References
1. Pressure Loss Calculations at Fekete.com
2. Standard Handbook of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering, William C Lyons, Volume 2
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A Guide for Chemical Engineers working in Process Industry
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