Finite Element Solutions For Geotechnical Engineering

Integrated Solver Optimized for the next generation 64-bit platform
Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering

a new experience with GTS NX
Why GTS NX
New subway complex, United Statesă Shaft construction on the existing tunnel, United Kingdom ă
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Powerful

Solver Pre & Post Processors

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Fast Optimize work Increase User-friendly

Analysis and efficiency Productivity Interface

Result

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Fully optimized for 64-bit Platform
GTS NX is a next generation geotechnical analysis software that features the newest development in cutting-edge
computer graphics and analysis technology. GTS NX fully supports the latest 64-bit OS Graphic user interface.
The intuitive interface will enable new users to easily integrate the software in their work process. The fast
analysis speed, outstanding graphics, and output capabilities will provide users with a new and advanced level
of geotechnical design.
02 http://www.midasGTSNX.com
Analysis Geotechnical Analysis “New Experience”

GTS NX can simulate in-situ conditions by considering material nonlinearity In dynamic analysis, nonlinear time history analysis considering water level
Method and initial ground stresses. GTS NX supports all analysis types including static,
dynamic, seepage, stress-seepage coupled, consolidation, construction
stage and slope stability analysis.
and self weight is supported. Any ground behavior that is related to ground
water flow (seepage / stress / consolidation) can be simulated through fully
coupled stress-seepage analysis. Through the fully integrated FE Solver,
GTS NX provides highly reliable results for complex geotechnical analysis
and design.
Static Analysis Construction Stage Analysis

Linear static analysis Stress (drained / undrained) analysis
Nonlinear static analysis Seepage analysis by stages
Static Analysis
Stress-seepage-slope coupled analysis
Consolidation by stages
Stress –seepage fully coupled analysis
Slope Stability Construction

Analysis Stage Analysis
Stress – Seepage Coupled

Slope Stability Analysis
Analysis
Strength Reduction Method (SRM)
Stress Analysis Method (SAM) Consolidation analysis
Nonlinear time history Fully coupled stress-seepage analysis
- SRM coupled analysis
Dynamic Stress – Seepage

Analysis Coupled Analysis
Dynamic Analysis Seepage Analysis

Eigenvalue / 1D Free Field Steady state flow analysis
Response spectrum Transient seepage analysis
Time history (linear / nonlinear) Seepage
2D equivalent linear analysis Analysis
New eXperience of Geo-Technical analysis System 03

Framework User-friendly Interface

GTS NX provides a user-friendly GUI (graphic user interface) through 2. Ribbon menu for convenient tool organization
the use of a state-of-the-art graphics engine The menu has been designed to accommodate the modeling workflow. Similar
1. Multi - Windows functions and commands are intuitively grouped together for easier recognition.
Multi-Window GUI enables you to develop multiple model files simultaneously. You Command description, tips and diagrams explicitly guide you through the work
can view and modify the same model while the analysis is being run. Multiple process in the corresponding input windows.
analysis result items can be also viewed and compared simultaneously.
Ribbon Menu
Task Pane
WorksTree
Multiple windows
Context Menu
Table Window
Property Window
Status Bar / Unit Conversion
Message Window
Geometry CAD based modeling

Users can quickly become proficient with modeling in GTS NX – a tribute to
Modeling CAD based 2D and 3D modeling commands.
Extrude
Point, Line
Line, arc, circle (oval), polyline, rectangle,

extend curve, trim curve Guide Curve
Profile
Sweep
Face, Solid Profile
Cylinder, cone, box, wedge, sphere, torus,

plate, chamfer, offset
Boolean Operation
Extrudeā Sweep (Extrude along a guided curve)ā 0RGHOFUHDWHGE\H[WUXGLQJDQGVZHHSLQJā
Fuse, cut, common
Divide, Protrude, Transform
Divide by surface, extrude, revolve, loft,

sweep, mirror, scale, project
Trim
Divide
Divide by Mutiple Surfaces

(Excavation Stages)
Fuse Cut Common

(A U B) (A - B)
Trim / Divideā Divided (define excavation stages)ā Boolean Operationā

Geometry Terrain Geometry Auto-Generation

Use digital maps and boring data to generate 3D models that more closely
Modeling resemble in-situ conditions and will consequently yield more realistic results.
Modeling 3D surface contours and soil strata can be either cumbersome or
impractical in other software, but GTS NX only takes a few steps.
TGM TGM (Terrain Geometry Maker)

Complex 3D ground surfaces can be
created by selecting the target range in
a digital topographic map.
Bedding Plane Wizard
By inputting boring data on the plane

surface, 3D strata can be automatically
generated for the ground model.
3D ground surface and contour lines
3D Stratum Wizard
strat created using boring data

3D strata TGM and strata creation
Geometry Geometry Modeling Automation

GTS NX automatically generates geometries such as shared faces and Modeling mistakes can also be automatically detected and corrected to
Modeling imprints. These functions ensure nodal connectivity between all adjacent
mesh sets, thus ensuring reliable analysis of soil-structure and soil-soil interaction.
prevent analysis from executing with failure warnings.
Shared face auto-generation
Shared faces between adjacent solids can be

generated automatically. This makes it easier to
ensure nodal connectivity of adjacent mesh sets.
Imprint auto-generation
The auto-imprint function allows lines and

nodes to penetrate through
3D geometry [Solid].
Modeling error detection and correction
Irregular faces, lines that may cause analysis Imprint points

errors can be automatically detected and deleted.
Erroneously overlapped geometries such as
small faces and edges will also be detected
and deleted.
Shared face auto-generationā Auto-imprintā

Geometry CAD Compatibility / Interface with other MIDAS Software

GTS NX imports model information from other MIDAS software (Gen, Civil & 2D ground structure models can be also transferred to GTS NX for 3D
Modeling SoilWorks). The CAD interface transfers project data for expanded analysis
requiring soil-structure interaction and detailed 3D investigation such as
bridge pier and tall building foundations.
analysis of ground engineering problems such as tunnel systems with
connecting galleries.
2D / 3D CAD compatibility
*.dwg, *.dxf, parasoild 2D / 3D Gen

CAD Interface option CAD
(CATIA V4, 5, Pro/E, Solidworks, STEP,
IGES, ACIS, Invertor, Unigraphics)
SoilWorks Interface
Any cross section
Neutral Format File
*.FPN
FPN
Gen, Civil Interface
Geometry and element information

Structure cross section
Frame Ą solid conversion
SoilWorks Civil
Mesh Optimized mesh generation of various element types

User friendly modeling functions generate complex geometries and mesh
Generation sets of various types with ease. Such capabilities enable engineers to quickly
generate high quality mesh even with limited or no experience in finite element
modeling.
Surface Auto-Mesher
Loop, Grid, Delaunay (triangle, quadrangle)
Solid Auto-Mesher
Tetrahedral, Hexahedral, Hybrid

(hexahedral centered)
2D Ą 3D Element Auto-Generation
2D Auto Meshā 3D Auto Meshā 3D Map Mesh ā Mesh considering interior edges and pointsā
Protrude Mesh (2D Ą 3D)
Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Project, Offset, Fill
Uniform Size
Extract Mesh (3D Ą 2D) Extrude (2D Ą 3D)
Fine Mesh
Interface, pile, and

structural element generation
Linear Grading
Element generation considers interior
edges and points Coarse Mesh
Smooth Transition
Linear grading of mesh size Combination of 1D, 2D and 3D elements Extrude 2D mesh into 3Dā
Size control optimizes mesh in the areas of high strain and (Solid, shell and frame elements) ā
displacement by assigning fine mesh elements. ā

Mesh Quality Assurance & Checking Controls

Mesh quality can be automatically checked and managed. This allows
Generation the generation of high quality mesh with minimum effort even for complex
ground structural models resulting in optimal analysis time and producing
reliable and comprehensive results.
Hybrid Mesher Hybrid Element Composition

To provide more reliable analysis results,
Tetrahedral element
GTS NX can automatically generate hexahedral
centered hybrid mesh. Hexahedral
elements are the most stable for stress and
displacement results.
Pyramid element
Bonded Contacts Auto-generation (connect tetrahedral and hexahedral elements)
Adjacent elements without shared nodes

can be detected and contacts can be
applied automatically Hexahedral elements
Pyramid element
Tetrahedral elements
Hexahedral element Triangular prism elements
Hybrid + Bonded contact element generationā
Mesh Check
Non-manifold edge
Free face
Clamped element
Overlapped element
Mesh Quality Check
Aspect ratio, skew angle, twist angle, taper,

Jacobian ratio, element length
(Maximum, Minimum), poor mesh sets definition
Mesh quality checkā Mesh check (Free Face)ā
Element Element library

The GTS NX element library includes various elements for structural and ground
Library modeling. These elements are conveniently classified based on application

purposes. Ground, structures, various links, springs and interfaces can be
selected and modeled from the extensive element library.
Continuum Elements for ground Solid ElementƓ Truss ElementƓ Beam ElementƓ
Solid Element
Plane Strain Element
Axisymmetric Element
Structural Elements
Truss Element
Embedded Truss Element
Beam Element
Shell ElementƓ
Plane Stress Element
Shell Element
Applicable Elements
Plane Interface ElementƓ
Interface Element
Shell Interface Element
Pile / Pile Tip Bearing Element
Geo-grid Element (1D / 2D)
Shell Interface ElementƓ
Gauging Shell Element
Point Spring / Face Spring Element
Matrix Spring Element
Elastic Link Element
Rigid Link Element
Interpolation Element
Gauging Shell Elementā
Rigid Link / Interpolation ElementƓ

Material Models Comprehensive database of material models to simulate the behavior of various ground types
GTS NX provides various linear / nonlinear material models to simulate Material models are generally classified into elastic, plastic, drained,
& Structural ground behavior under different loading and water level conditions. undrained, and seepage categories. Material / equivalent linearity and
nonlinearity of elements can be simulated through internal functions.
Properties
Elatic Materials Elastic Materials Undrained Materials

· Linear Elastic Isotropic · Effective Stiffness / Effective Strength
Plastic Materials · Linear Elastic · Effective Stiffness / Undrained Strength
· Transversely Isotropic · Undrained Stiffness / Undrained Strength
· Interface Elastic
Undrained Materials
· Nonlinear Elastic (1D)
· Jardine Functions
Functions · D-Min
· Hyperbolic (Duncan-Chang) Pile bearing ā
· General non-spatial functions
(pile / pile tip bearing nonlinear function)
· Nonlinear elastic functions
Plastic Materials (truss / point spring / elastic link)
Unsaturated property functions
(Gardner, Frontal, Van Genuchten)
· von Mises
· Tresca · Strain compatibility functions
· Mohr-Coulomb (2D equivalent linear)
· Drucker-Prager
· Strain-Softening
· Modified Cam Clay Unsaturated property (Individual)ā
· Jointed Rock
· Modified Mohr Coulomb
· Hoek Brown
· Inverse Rankine
· Coulomb Friction (Interface)
· Janssen
Strain compatibilityā Unsaturated property (Relation) ā
Load conditions Load assignment reflecting field conditions

GTS NX can simulate various in-situ loading conditions. The dynamic function
Generation and database includes a variety of code-based response spectra and time
history functions. Customized functions for vibration, blast and seismic
Application loading can be also generated.
Structural Loads Static Loads

Force (concentrated load / pressure)
· Self weight
Gravity
Prescribed displacement · Concentrated load
Temperature load · Moment load
· Prescribed displacement
· Pressure load
Static / Dynamic Loads
· Water pressure
(auto-consideration option)
Follower Load- nonlinear load ā
Loads in Construction Stages · Beam linear load
· Beam element load
Load distribution factor · Temperature load
· Prestress load
Nonlinearity of Load · Initial equilibrium load
Water pressure automatic application
· Combined load
during underwater excavation ā
In geometric nonlinear analysis, the direction
of loads can change with the deformation of
the structure. (Follower Load)
Dynamic Loads
Seismic data automatic generation ā
· Response spectrum
· Ground acceleration
· Time history static load
· Dynamic nodal load
· Dynamic surface load
· Load – mass conversion
· Railway dynamic load table
Dynamic blast load automatic generation ā Train moving load automatic generation ā

Boundary Different boundary conditions can be generated to simulate in-situ conditions

GTS NX provides various boundary conditions for all analysis types. Essential The Change Property function can simulate a change in material properties
Conditions boundary conditions for analysis can be defined automatically. By defining the water
level surface, the pore water pressure can be considered in stress analysis. Time
dependent water levels can be defined to simulate rapid draw down as well as a
over time. This function is useful for simulating the hardening of concrete
as well as excavation projects in which soil layers are replaced by structural
elements. Boundary conditions for 2D equivalent linear analysis and linear /
gradual rise in water level due to rainfall. nonlinear dynamic analysis can be generated automatically as well.
Constraint
Automatic definition of constraint for ground

Fixed / pinned / rotation
Slope Stability Analysis
Slip circular surface

Slip polygonal surface
Seepage / Consolidation Analysis

3D water level generationā Dynamic analysis (soil structure interaction) boundary generationā
Nodal head / Nodal flux / Surface flux /
Review / Drained condition / Non-consolidation
Dynamic Analysis
Elastic boundary / Viscous boundary

Damper consideration in free ground /
Transmitting Boundary
In-situ analysis with Self weight considering k0ā Slip circular surface boundary for stress analysis (SAM) ā
Results Excellent result displays supported by a new and powerful graphics engine
Through its advanced graphic processing engine, GTS NX provides a variety
Output of output methods for users to visualize and extract their analysis results.
The extensive output options present results in an elegant and comprehensible
form.
and report
Contour – Continuous / Fringe
Vector, Diagram
Deformed / Undeformed
Multi-Step Iso Surface
Various contour and edge typesā Clipping plane output ā Hybrid plot (Combination of vector and Real-time animation output for 3D flowā
Iso Value Surface contour plot on clipping plane)ā
Flow Net
Failure Surface of Slope
Capped Plot (Upper Part)

Time History Graph
Real-Time Animation
3D Ą 2D Result Wizard
Extract results on any 2D cross section from Capped Plot (Lower Part)
3D results without extra calculation
Iso – surface outputā 3D Ą 2D Wizardā

Results Results output and report for practical design

The results output functions allow users to combine different results and The report generation creates aesthetic and comprehensive reports in
output selectively extract only the pertinent results. The 3D PDF report generator
exports 3D model and analysis results directly into a PDF file.
a fraction of the time that it would take through manually copying and pasting
spreadsheets and images.
and Report
Displacement / Velocity / acceleration – decibel conversion
Decibel Reference Levels (ISO R 1683)
Cutting Diagram on any line and plane
Quantity Definition Ref. level
Extract Result / Probe Result Vibratory Acc. Level La = 20 log10 (a/a0) dB a0 = 10 - 6 m/s2
Amplitude
Vibratory Vel. Level Lv = 20 log10 (v/v0) dB v0 = 10 - 9 m/s
Ratio
3D PDF Output Vibratory Dis. Level Ld = 20 log10 (d/d0) dB d0 = 10 - 12 m
3D model / analysis results can be checked Convert to Decibelā

and operated in a PDF file
Graph / Table / Result Image Automatic save

Result distribution / change diagram on any line ā Member / cutting-plane diagramā
Text File Results Output
MS-Excel Draw Result

Text Outputā (Copy & Paste) Graphs
3D PDF Reportā Result image automatic saveā Result value table (copy and paste to MS-EXCEL) and graphā
Application Total Solutions for Geotechnical Analysis

GTS NX is proven numerical modeling software used by many international The Tunnel Wizard can model tunnels having standard pattern and define
Areas geotechnical firms. Selected practical applications of the software are shown
below.
excavation methods such as full face cut, bench cut and direction (one, both).
For each case, load relaxation can be considered by applying load distribution
factor (LDF)
| Tunnel |
Road Tunnel
Portal, Cross passage, Refuge

area (Emergency zones), Ventilation shaft,
Electrical room, Fault fractured zone,
Adjacent structures
Railway / Subway Tunnel
Fitting (T, Y-type), Shield TBM, Machine Room,

TRcM / CAM, Station
Steel Pipe Roof

Portal With Fault factured zoneā Ventilation shaft (Vertical / Horizontal)ā Shield TBMā Steel pipe reinforced grouting (Pipe Roof)ā
Steel Strut, Full face / Bench cut, Ring cut,
CD cut, Open cut, 2 Arch, 3 Arch
Adjacent structuresā TRcM / CAM (Subway tunnel)ā 2-Arch Tunnel (NATM Method)ā


GTS NX not only analyzes 2D / 3D slope stability according to Strength Stress analysis and seepage analysis considering cutting stages can be
Areas Reduction Method (SRM) but also calculates the slope safety factor according
to Limit Equilibrium Method using potential sliding surfaces. Analysis result
in each calculation step can be obtained, so the progressive failure behavior
coupled to investigate slope stability in short / long term. Especially by
coupling with nonlinear time history analysis results, earthquake resistance
of a slope can be assessed.
| Slope Stability | of the slope can be analyzed.
Strength Reduction Method Analysis (SRM)
2D / 3D SRM Analysis
SRM Analysis by construction stages
SRM considering rainfall
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis + SRM Analysis
Stress Analysis Method (SAM)
Potential Sliding surface + SRM Analysis

Consideration of rainfall / staged analysis
3D Slope Stability Analysisā Slope Stability considering rainfall ā
Evaluation of slope reinforcement
Nail, Rock bolt, stabilizing piles,

retaining wall
Evaluation of reinforcement stability in
slopes reinforced by structural members
In-situ Stateā 1st Excavationā 2nd Excavationā
3rd Excavationā Final Stageā

Foundations Excavation and Temporary Structures
Areas GTS NX analyzes abutment stability subjected to lateral pressure and
differential settlements. Bearing capacities of piles can be parametrically
GTS NX simulates installation of retention walls for excavation of ground structures
such as subway stations, tall building foundations. Temporary structures can be
| Foundations | verified for different materials and construction methods. incorporated in excavation stages, which include piles, walers, struts, anchors and
tie-backs. Changes in earth pressure and ground water level and complex strata
| Excavation / can be also accommodated in conjunction with existing adjacent ground structures
such as tunnels, subways, foundations and utility chambers.
Retaining wall |
Shallow foundation: Direct foundation, Mechanic (Vibration) foundation Retaining wall: H-Pile + slurry wall, Sheet Pile, CIP, SCW, D-Wall
Deep foundation (Pier / Abutment): Pile (Steel Pipe, PHC, Drilled Shaft (RCD), Strut: Steel Strut, Earth Anchor, Rock Bolt, Soil Nail, Tie Rod, Raker
Driven Pile), Well foundation, Caisson, Raft foundation Stability analysis for adjacent structures
Foundation (Pier)ā Driven Pileā Subway station (H-Pile+slurry wall)ā Diaphragm Wallā
Deep Piled Raft Foundationā Well Foundationā Ground shoring for excavation for a tall Stress distribution of subway line
building foundation ā and ventilation shaft by staged excavation ā


Soft Soil / Embankment Hydraulic / Underground Structures
Areas GTS NX calculates dissipation of excessive pore water pressure and
consolidation settlement through staged consolidation analysis. Fully coupled
Steady state and transient seepage analysis for dams, embankments, tunnels,
etc. can be performed. Seepage in an unsaturated area can be also analyzed
| Soft Soil / Embankment | seepage analysis reflects changes in excessive pore water pressure and by applying Darcy’s Law. GTS NX inherently handles ground – structure
water level in real time. interaction with water and ground water related problems.
| Hydraulic /
Underground Structure |
Soft soil: SCP-reinforced, Dewatering method (PBD, PSD, SD), Suction drain Hydraulic structures: Earth Dam, CFRD, Levee, Water way tunnel (pipe & culvert)
Embankment: Revetment and quay wall, Dock, Breakwater Underground Structures: Box, Underground driveway
Vertical drains (PBD)Ɠ
Head of breakwaterā
CFRD stability analysisā Seepage analysis for embankmentā
Revetment and quay wallā
Suction Drain methodā
Fitting of water way tunnel ā Underground driveway (Front Jacking) ā
Consolidation analysis for SCP improvement in soft clayā
About MIDAS IT “MIDAS IT is taking flight with endless passion and devotion to provide technological solutions worldwide”
MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd. develops and supplies mechanical / civil / structural / geotechnical engineering
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analysis System System for Bridge
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Integrated Solver Optimized for the next generation 64 - bit platform
Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering
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Integrated Solver Optimized for the next generation 64-bit platform

Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering

Analysis and efficiency Productivity Interface

Analysis Geotechnical Analysis “New Experience”

Static Analysis Construction Stage Analysis

Slope Stability Construction

Stress – Seepage Coupled

Dynamic Stress – Seepage

Dynamic Analysis Seepage Analysis

New eXperience of Geo-Technical analysis System 03

Framework User-friendly Interface

Status Bar / Unit Conversion

Geometry CAD based modeling

Modeling CAD based 2D and 3D modeling commands.

Line, arc, circle (oval), polyline, rectangle,

Cylinder, cone, box, wedge, sphere, torus,

Divide, Protrude, Transform

Divide by surface, extrude, revolve, loft,

Divide by Mutiple Surfaces

Fuse Cut Common

Trim / Divideā Divided (define excavation stages)ā Boolean Operationā

New eXperience of Geo-Technical analysis System 05

Geometry Terrain Geometry Auto-Generation

TGM TGM (Terrain Geometry Maker)

Bedding Plane Wizard

By inputting boring data on the plane

3D ground surface and contour lines

strat created using boring data

Geometry Geometry Modeling Automation

Shared face auto-generation

Shared faces between adjacent solids can be

The auto-imprint function allows lines and

Modeling error detection and correction

Irregular faces, lines that may cause analysis Imprint points

Shared face auto-generationā Auto-imprintā

New eXperience of Geo-Technical analysis System 07

Geometry CAD Compatibility / Interface with other MIDAS Software

*.dwg, *.dxf, parasoild 2D / 3D Gen

Any cross section

Neutral Format File

Geometry and element information

Mesh Optimized mesh generation of various element types

Tetrahedral, Hexahedral, Hybrid

Protrude Mesh (2D Ą 3D)

Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Project, Offset, Fill

Interface, pile, and

New eXperience of Geo-Technical analysis System 09

Mesh Quality Assurance & Checking Controls

Hybrid Mesher Hybrid Element Composition

Adjacent elements without shared nodes

Mesh Quality Check

Aspect ratio, skew angle, twist angle, taper,

Mesh quality checkā Mesh check (Free Face)ā

Element Element library

Library modeling. These elements are conveniently classified based on application

Gauging Shell Elementā

Rigid Link / Interpolation ElementƓ

.dwg, .dxf, parasoild 2D / 3D Gen