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Astronomy Olympiad 2013-14 Criteria

The document provides the multiple choice answers and long answer solutions to questions from the National Astronomy Olympiad 2013-2014 exam. It lists the answers to 16 multiple choice questions. For the long answer questions, it shows the full worked solutions, awarding partial credit for steps shown and deducting one point for incorrect final answers. The long answer questions cover topics like orbital mechanics, planetary positions, and properties of dark matter.

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109 views4 pages

Astronomy Olympiad 2013-14 Criteria

The document provides the multiple choice answers and long answer solutions to questions from the National Astronomy Olympiad 2013-2014 exam. It lists the answers to 16 multiple choice questions. For the long answer questions, it shows the full worked solutions, awarding partial credit for steps shown and deducting one point for incorrect final answers. The long answer questions cover topics like orbital mechanics, planetary positions, and properties of dark matter.

Uploaded by

Dwi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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National Astronomy Olympiad

2013-2014
Marking Criteria

Multiple Choice Answers:

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. B
12. D
13. C
14. A
15. D
16. B

Long Answers:

Please note that there are other possible methods of solving these questions. Points were
awarded for any method with correct reasoning. Points were also given for partially correct
solutions and errors carried forward, however one point was deducted for an incorrect final
answer.

1. a)

 Semimajor axis of orbit (a) = 0.5(1 AU + 1.52 AU) = 1.26 AU [1]

 T2 (in years) = a3 (in AU)

T = (1.26)3/2 = 1.41 years [2]

 Time required = 0.5 × T = 0.707 years [1]


b)

 TMars = (1.52)3/2 years = 1.87 years [2]

 θ= = 136° [2]

 ME2 = rm2 + re2 - 2rmrecos (180 - θ)

ME = 1.06 AU [2]

 rm2 = re2 + ME2 - 2reMEcos(φ)

 φ = 95° [2]

2. a)

Correct shape [1]

Correct direction [1]

Correct angles [1]


b)

 (90° - ϕ) + (90° - δ) < 90° [2]

 ϕ + δ > 90° [1]

Full points were awarded to correct answers without any working shown.

c)

For (90° - δ) > (90° - ϕ), or ϕ > δ:

The maximum azimuth is 180°.

(According to the question, this is not the case)

For (90° - δ) < (90° - ϕ), or ϕ < δ:

Let P be the point of greatest azimuth.

Angle ZPN = 90° [2]

Applying the spherical sine rule on ZPN:

[3]
The maximum azimuth = . [1]

3. a)

Consider a particle of mass m at a distance r from the center.

 Kinetic Energy = = [2]

 Gravitational Potential Energy = = [2]

 For the particle to be critically bound:

Kinetic Energy + Gravitational Potential Energy = 0 [1]

 [1]

b)

 = 8.66 × 10-27 kg m-3


[1]

 The density of the universe must be close to [1]

 As predicted by inflationary models/measurements of universe curvature/ [1]

other reasonable explanation

 Since , the remaining mass must be made up for by dark matter. [1]

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