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Checkpoint Answers Chapter 4
##4.1## (a)
Math.sqrt(4) // 2.0
(b)
Math.sin(2 * Math.PI) // -2.4492935982947064E-16
(c)
Math.cos(2 * Math.PI) // 1.0
(d)
Math.pow(2, 2) // 4.0
(e)
Math.log(Math.E) // 1.0
(f)
Math.exp(1) // 2.718281828459045
(g)
Math.max(2, Math.min(3, 4)) // 3
(h)
Math.rint(-2.5) // -2.0
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(i)
Math.ceil(-2.5) // -2.0
(j)
Math.floor(-2.5) // -3.0
(k)
Math.round(-2.5f) // -2
(l)
Math.round(-2.5) // -2
(m)
Math.rint(2.5) // 2.0
(n)
Math.ceil(2.5) // 3.0
(o)
Math.floor(2.5) // 2.0
(p)
Math.round(2.5f) // 3
(q)
Math.round(2.5) // 3
(r)
Math.round(Math.abs(-2.5)) // 3
##4.2## The argument for trigonometric methods is an angle in radians.
##4.3##
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// convert 47 degrees to radians
double angle = Math.toRadians(47);
##4.4##
// convert pi / 7 radians to degrees
double angle = Math.toDegrees(Math.PI / 7);
##4.5## (a)
int i = 34 + (int)(Math.random() * 22);
(b)
int j = (int)(Math.random() * 1000);
(c)
double k = 5.5 + (int)(Math.random() * 50);
##4.6## There is one package that is automatically imported into any Java program, this package is called java.lang.
One of the classes that belongs to the java.lang package is the Math class. This means that the Math methods can be
used directly without the need for explicit import.
##4.7##
Math.log(Math.exp(5.5)); // evaluates to 5.5
Math.exp(Math.log(5.5)); // evaluates to 5.5
Math.asin(Math.sin(Math.PI / 6)); // evaluates to 0.5235987755982988 = pi / 6
Math.sin(Math.asin(Math.PI / 6)); // evaluates to 0.5235987755982988 = pi / 6
##4.8##
System.out.println((int)'1'); // prints 49
System.out.println((int)'A'); // prints 65
System.out.println((int)'B'); // prints 66
System.out.println((int)'a'); // prints 97
System.out.println((int)'b'); // prints 98
System.out.println((char)40); // prints (
System.out.println((char)59); // prints ;
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System.out.println((char)79); // prints O
System.out.println((char)85); // prints U
System.out.println((char)90); // prints Z
System.out.println((char)0x40); // prints @
System.out.println((char)0x5A); // prints Z
System.out.println((char)0x71); // prints q
System.out.println((char)0x72); // prints r
System.out.println((char)0x7A); // prints z
##4.9## Examples of correct character literals:
'l'
'\u3fFa'
'\b'
'\t'
Example of incorrect character literal, because the Unicode representation is too long:
'\u345dE'
##4.10##
System.out.println('\\'); // prints \
System.out.println('"'); // prints "
##4.11##
int i = '1';
equals
int i = 49;
because the ASCII code for 1 is 49, i will hence become 49.
int j = '1' + '2' * ('4' - '3') + 'b' / 'a';
equals
int j = 49 + 50 * (52 - 51) + 98 / 97;
that evaluates to j becoming 100.
int k = 'a';
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equals
int k = 97;
because the ASCII code for a is 97, k will hence become 97.
char c = 90;
equals
char c = 'Z';
because the 90 equals Z in the ASCII table, c will hence hold the value Z.
##4.12## Some examples that illustrate casting.
// i will be set to 65
char c = 'A';
int i = (int)c;
// i will be set to 1000
float f = 1000.34f;
int i = (int)f;
// i will be set to 1000
double d = 1000.34;
int i = (int)d;
// c will be set to 'a'
int i = 97;
char c = (char)i;
##4.13##
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char x = 'a';
char y = 'c';
// prints b
System.out.println(++x);
// prints c because the increment is done after usage
System.out.println(y++);
// prints -2 beacuse there is an auto conversion to int before the subraction
System.out.println(x - y);
}
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##4.14##
// c will become a lower case character in the range a to z
char c = (char)(97 + Math.random() * 26);
##4.15##
System.out.println('a' < 'b'); // true
System.out.println('a' <= 'A'); // false
System.out.println('a' > 'b'); // false
System.out.println('a' >= 'A'); // true
System.out.println('a' == 'a'); // true
System.out.println('a' != 'b'); // true
##4.16##
String s1 = "Welcome to Java";
String s2 = "Programming is fun";
String s3 = "Welcome to Java";
Assuming the above lines will cause the following expressions to become the value indicated in the comments.
s1 == s2 // false
s2 == s3 // false
s1.equals(s2) // false
s1.equals(s3) // true
s1.compareTo(s2) // a positive int
s2.compareTo(s3) // a negative int
s2.compareTo(s2) // 0
s1.charAt(0) // W
s1.indexOf('j') // -1
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s1.indexOf("to") // 8
s1.lastIndexOf('a') // 14
s1.lastIndexOf("o", 15) // 9
s1.length() // 15
s1.substring(5) // me to Java
s1.substring(5, 11) // me to
s1.startsWith("Wel") // true
s1.endsWith("Java") // true
s1.toLowerCase() // welcome to java
s1.toUpperCase() // WELCOME TO JAVA
s1.concat(s2) // Welcome to JavaProgramming is fun
s1.contains(s2) // false
"\t Wel \t".trim() // Wel
##4.17## Suppose that s1 and s2 are two strings.
The following are all examples of correct string manipulations in Java.
String s = "Welcome to Java";
String s3 = s1 + s2;
s1 == s2
s1.compareTo(s2);
int i = s1.length();
On the other hands so are the following all incorrect.
String s3 = s1 - s2;
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s1 >= s2
char c = s1(0);
char c = s1.charAt(s1.length());
##4.18##
public class CheckPoint_04_18 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.print("a)\t"); System.out.println("1" + 1);
System.out.print("b)\t"); System.out.println('1' + 1);
System.out.print("c)\t"); System.out.println("1" + 1 + 1);
System.out.print("d)\t"); System.out.println("1" + (1 + 1));
System.out.print("e)\t"); System.out.println('1' + 1 + 1);
Above program will output:
a) 11
b) 50
c) 111
d) 12
e) 51
##4.19##
public class CheckPoint_04_19 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a = 1 + "Welcome " + 1 + 1;
String b = 1 + "Welcome " + (1 + 1);
String c = 1 + "Welcome " + ('\u0001' + 1);
String d = 1 + "Welcome " + 'a' + 1;
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
System.out.println(c);
System.out.println(d);
}
Above program will output:
1Welcome 11
1Welcome 2
1Welcome 2
1Welcome a1
##4.20## (a)
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boolean isEqual = s1.equals(s2);
(b)
boolean isEqual = s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s2);
(c)
int x = s1.compareTo(s2);
(d)
int x = s1.compareToIgnoreCase(s2);
(e)
boolean b = s1.startsWith("AAA");
(f)
boolean b = s1.endsWith("AAA");
(g)
int x = s1.length();
(h)
char x = s1.charAt(0);
(i)
String s3 = s1 + s2;
(j)
String s3 = s1.substring(1);
(k)
String s3 = s1.substring(1, 5);
(l)
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String s3 = s1.toLowerCase();
(m)
String s3 = s1.toUpperCase();
(n)
String s3 = s1.trim();
(o)
int x = s1.indexOf('e');
(p)
int x = s1.lastIndexOf("abc");
##4.21## We will get the answer by adding the first numbers in Set1, Set3, and Set4:
1 + 4 + 8 = 13
##4.22## The format specifier for outputting a boolean is %b.
The format specifier for outputting a character is %c.
The format specifier for outputting a decimal is %d.
The format specifier for outputting a boolean is %f.
The format specifier for outputting a string is %s.
##4.23## (a)
System.out.printf("%5d %d\n", 1, 2, 3);
Erroneous code because there are three items to be printed but only two format specifiers.
(b)
System.out.printf("%5d %f", 1);
Erroneous code because there are two format specifiers but only one item to be printed.
(c)
System.out.printf("%5d %f\n", 1, 2);
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Erroneous code because an int item is combined with a float format specifier.
(d)
System.out.printf("%.2f\n%0.3f\n", 1.23456, 2.34);
Erroneous because second format specifier tries to set the width to zero and this is not allowed.
(e)
System.out.printf("%08s\n", "Java");
Erroneous because of the 0 in the format specifiers that need to be removed.
##4.24##
public class CheckPoint_04_24 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("(a)");
System.out.printf("amount is %f %e\n", 32.32, 32.32);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("(b)");
System.out.printf("amount is %5.2f%% %5.4e\n", 32.327, 32.32);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("(c)");
System.out.printf("%6b\n", (1 > 2));
System.out.println();
System.out.println("(d)");
System.out.printf("%6s\n", "Java");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("(e)");
System.out.printf("%-6b%s\n", (1 > 2), "Java");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("(f)");
System.out.printf("%6b%-8s\n", (1 > 2), "Java");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("(g)");
System.out.printf("%,5d %,6.1f\n", 312342, 315562.932);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("(h)");
System.out.printf("%05d %06.1f\n", 32, 32.32);
}
Above program will print the following (note that it was run on computer with Swedish locale settings for displaying
numbers, might differ a bit on machines in other countries).
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(a)
amount is 32,320000 3,232000e+01
(b)
amount is 32,33% 3,2320e+01
(c)
false
(d)
Java
(e)
false Java
(f)
falseJava
(g)
312 342 315 562,9
(h)
00032 0032,3
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