The document provides an overview of core Java concepts including primitive data types, operators, variables, methods, flow control statements, arrays, and strings. It defines each concept and provides examples to illustrate common uses. For example, it shows that primitive data types include integer types like byte and long that specify the numeric range and floating point types like float and double. It also demonstrates how to declare and initialize arrays, including single and multi-dimensional arrays, and how to perform common array operations like searching and reversing.
The document provides an overview of core Java concepts including primitive data types, operators, variables, methods, flow control statements, arrays, and strings. It defines each concept and provides examples to illustrate common uses. For example, it shows that primitive data types include integer types like byte and long that specify the numeric range and floating point types like float and double. It also demonstrates how to declare and initialize arrays, including single and multi-dimensional arrays, and how to perform common array operations like searching and reversing.
The document provides an overview of core Java concepts including primitive data types, operators, variables, methods, flow control statements, arrays, and strings. It defines each concept and provides examples to illustrate common uses. For example, it shows that primitive data types include integer types like byte and long that specify the numeric range and floating point types like float and double. It also demonstrates how to declare and initialize arrays, including single and multi-dimensional arrays, and how to perform common array operations like searching and reversing.
The document provides an overview of core Java concepts including primitive data types, operators, variables, methods, flow control statements, arrays, and strings. It defines each concept and provides examples to illustrate common uses. For example, it shows that primitive data types include integer types like byte and long that specify the numeric range and floating point types like float and double. It also demonstrates how to declare and initialize arrays, including single and multi-dimensional arrays, and how to perform common array operations like searching and reversing.
Ternary ?: Unary ++x, –x, x++, x–, +x, –x, !, ~ Java Variables Variables in Java refers to the name of the reserved memory area. You need variables to store any value for the computational or reference purpose.
There are 3 types of variable in Java:
1. Local Variables
2. Instance Variables
3. Static Variables {public | private} [static] type name [= expression | value];
Java Methods A method is a set of code that is grouped together to perform a specific operation. A method is completed in two steps:
1. Method Initialization
2. Method Invocation
A method can be invoked either by calling it by reference or by value.
The process of changing a value from one data type to another type is known as data type conversion. Data Type conversion is of two types:
1. Widening: The lower size datatype is converted into a higher size
data type without loss of information. 2. Narrowing: The higher size datatype is converted into a lower size data type with a loss of information. // Widening (byte<short<int<long<float<double) int i = 10; //int--> long long l = i; //automatic type conversion// Narrowing double d = 10.02; long l = (long)d; //explicit type casting// Numeric values to String String str = String.valueOf(value);// String to Numeric valuesint i = Integer.parseInt(str);double d = Double.parseDouble(str);
User Input
Java provides three ways to take an input from the user/ console:
1. Using BufferReader class
2. Using Scanner class
3. Using Console class
// Using BufferReader BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); String name = reader.readLine(); // Using Scanner Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); String s = in.nextLine(); int a = in.nextInt(); // Using Console String name = System.console().readLine();
Basic Java Program
A basic program in Java will consist of at least the following components:
1. Classes & Objects
2. Methods 3. Variables public class Demo{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello from edureka!");} }
Compile a Java Program
You need to save your Java Program by the name of the class containing main() method along with .java extension. className.java Call the compiler using javac command. javac className Finally, execute the program using below code: java className Flow Of Control Iterative Statements
Iterative statements are used when you need to repeat a set of statements until the condition for termination is not met. // for loop for (condition) {expression}// for each loop for (int i: someArray) {} // while loopwhile (condition) {expression} // do while loopdo {expression} while(condition)
Generating a Fibonacci series.
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i){System.out.print(t1 + " + ");int sum = t1 + t2;t1 = t2;t2 = sum;}
Creating a pyramid pattern.
k = 2*n - 2; for(i=0; i<n; i++) { for(j=0; j<k; j++){System.out.print(" ");} k = k - 1; for(j=0; j<=i; j++ ){System.out.print("* ");} System.out.println(); }
Decisive Statements
Selection statements used when you need to choose between alternative
for (i = 0; i < row1; i++) { for (j = 0; j < col2; j++) { for (k = 0; k < row2; k++) { sum = sum + first[i][k]*second[k][j]; } multiply[i][j] = sum; sum = 0; } } Java Strings Creating a String
String in Java is an object that represents a sequence of char values. A
String can be created in two ways:
1. Using a literal 2. Using ‘new’ keyword String str1 = “Welcome”; // Using literal String str2 = new String(”Edureka”); // Using new keyword
The java.lang.String class implements Serializable, Comparable and
CharSequence interfaces. Since the String object is immutable in nature Java provides two utility classes:
1. StringBuffer: It is a mutable class that is thread-safe and
synchronized.
2. StringBuilder: It is a mutable class that is not thread-safe but
is faster and is used in a single threaded environment. String Methods
Few of the most important and frequently used String methods are listed below: str1==str2 //compares address; String newStr = str1.equals(str2); //compares the valuesString newStr = str1.equalsIgnoreCase() //compares the values ignoring the casenewStr = str1.length() //calculates length newStr = str1.charAt(i) //extract i'th character newStr = str1.toUpperCase() //returns string in ALL CAPS newStr = str1.toLowerCase() //returns string in ALL LOWERvCASEnewStr = str1.replace(oldVal, newVal) //search and replace newStr = str1.trim() //trims surrounding whitespace newStr = str1.contains("value"); //check for the values newStr = str1.toCharArray(); // convert String to character type array newStr = str1.IsEmpty(); //Check for empty String newStr = str1.endsWith(); //Checks if string ends with the given suffix
