3733 2002 Qd-Byt 142331

THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
----- Independence - Freedom - Happiness

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No. 3733/2002/QD-BYT Hanoi, October 10, 2002
DECISION
PROMULGATING 21 LABOR HYGIENE STANDARDS, 05 PRINCIPLES AND 07 LABOR HYGIENE
MEASUREMENTS
THE MINISTER OF HEALTH
Pursuant to the Law on People’s health protection
Pursuant to the Government's Decree No. 68/CP of October 11, 1993 on defining the functions, tasks,
powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Health;
Upon obtaining the consent of the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs in the Official
Dispatch No. 941/LDTBXH-BHLD of April 02, 2002; Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry in
the Official Dispatch No. 0850/PTM-VPGC of April 17, 2002.
At the proposal of the Director of Defensive Medicine Department – the Ministry of Health
DECIDES:
Article 1. Promulgating together with this Decision:
1. Twenty one (21) Standards of labor hygiene applicable to facilities that employ workers.
2. Five (05) principles and seven (07) measurements of labor hygiene being fundamental guidance
for establishing working systems and positions, working machinery and tools, labor classification.
Article 2. This Decision takes effect after 15 days as from its promulgation. The provisions on labor
hygiene from section 1 to section 8 in the fourth part “Provisions on labor hygiene” in the Decision No.
505-BYT/QD on April 13, 1992 of The Minister of Health on promulgating a number of Temporary
hygiene standards are abolished.
Article 3. The Director of Defensive Medicine Department is responsible to organize, direct and
inspect the implementation of this Decision.
Article 4. the Chief officers, the Chief Inspector, the Director of Defensive Medicine Department – the
Ministry of Health, Heads of units affiliated to the Ministry of Health, the Directors of the Services of
Health of central-affiliated cities and provinces are responsible to implement this Decision.
FOR THE MINISTER OF HEALTH

DEPUTY MINISTER
Nguyen Van Thuong
TWENTY ONE (21) STANDARDS, FIVE (05) PRINCIPLES AND SEVEN (07) MEASUREMENTS OF
LABOR HYGIENE
(Promulgated together with the Decision No. 3733/2002/QD-BYT of The Minister of Health on
October 10. 2002)
Part 1: Twenty one (21) standards of labor hygiene
1. Standards of hygienic amenities
2. Standards of hygienic distance
3. Manual labor – Standards of task classification by energy consumption
4. Manual labor – Standards of task classification by heart rate
5. Carrying standard – Limited weight
6. Standards of lighting
7. Standards of microclimate
8. Standards of silicon dust
9. Standards of non-silicon dust
10. Standards of cotton dust
11. Standards of asbestos dust
12. Standards of noise
13. Standards of vibration
14. Standards of static magnetic field - Magnetic flux density
15. Standards of low-frequency magnetic field - Magnetic flux density
16. Standards of low-frequency electromagnetic field intensity and static electric field
17. Standards of intensity of electromagnetic field from 30kHz - 300GHz
18. Ultraviolet radiation – Acceptable limits
19. Standards of radioactivity
20. X-ray radiation – Acceptable limit
21. Chemicals – Acceptable limits in the working air.
Part 2: Five (05) principles and seven (07) measurements of labor hygiene
1. Principle 1 – Ergonomic design of labor systems
2. Principle 2 – Ergonomic design of labor positions
3. Principle 3 – Ergonomic design of machinery and tools
4. Principle 4 – Work area layout
5. Principle 5 – Work positions with computers
6. Measurement 1 – Work positions with computers
7. Measurement 2 – Height of work surfaces
8. Measurement 3 – Distance from eyes to things
9. Measurement 4 - View angle
10. Measurement 5 – Footrest
11. Measurement 6 – Lifting height
12. Measurement 7 – Physiological measurements of thermal strain - Limit values
Part 1
TWENTY ONE (21) STANDARDS OF LABOR HYGIENE
I. STANDARDS OF HYGIENIC AMENITIES
1. Scope of regulation: Specifying the number of hygienic amenities for workers.
2. Subjects of application: The facilities that employ workers (production facilities, business
establishments, offices…)
3. Definition
The term is construed as follows:
- Hygienic amenities mean: The hygiene works and general amenities serving workers at facilities
that employ workers.
4. Standards of hygienic amenities
Hygiene facilities Standard Scope of application
Latrine pit By shift: Facilities with:
1- 10 people/pit 1- 100 people
11- 20 people /pit 101 - 500 people
21 - 30 people /pit Over 500 people
Urinary pit By shift: Facilities with:
1- 10 people /pit 1- 100 people
11- 20 people /pit 101 - 500 people
21 - 30 people /pit Over 500 people
Bathroom By shift: Facilities with:
1- 20 people /room 1- 300 people
21- 30 people / room 301 - 600 people
Over 30 people / room Over 600 people
Menstrual hygiene room By shift: Facilities with:
1- 30 females/ room 1 - 300 people
Over 30 females/ room Over 300 people
Hand-washing faucet By shift: Facilities with:
1 - 20 people / faucet 1 - 100 people
21 - 30 people / faucet 101 - 500 people
Over 30 people / faucet Over 500 people
Emergency clean water Facilities with:
faucet
1 - 200 people /faucet 1 - 1,000 people
Over 200 people / faucet Over 1,000 people
Clothes storing place 1 person/slot, hook, or small Facilities employing workers
locker. (production facilities, business
establishments, offices…)
Potable water 1.5 liter/person/shift Facilities hiring workers (production
facilities, business establishments,
offices…)
II. STANDARDS OF HYGIENIC DISTANCE
1. Scope of regulation: Minimum distance from the production facility to residential areas.
2. Subjects of application: These standards are applicable to facilities separately situated outside
processing and exporting zones or industrial zones that emit toxic substances that harm the
environment and human health.
3. Definition
The term is construed as follows:
- Standards of hygienic distance: is the minimum distance from the emission sources in the house,
the producing facility or the technology line to residential areas.
4. Standards of hygienic distance:
4.1. Fuel
4.1.1. A distance of 1,000m for facilities:
a. Producing gas, lighting gas, vapor with production over 50,000 m 3/hour.
b. Producing inflammable gas with production over 5,000 ton/year.
c. Conducting petroleum refinery and petrochemistry with over 0.5% sulphur.
d. Filtering and treating coal
e. Processing fuel slabs.
f. Producing semi-finished products being naphthalene with production over 2,000 ton/year.
g. Producing hydrocarbons by chloridization and hydrochloridization.
4.1.2. A distance of 500m for facilities:
a. Producing inflammable gas from fossil coal or peat with production from 5,000 – 50,000 m 3/hour.
b. Processing fossil coal powder.
c. Conducting petroleum refinery and petrochemistry with production under 0.5% sulphur.
d. Producing acetylene from natural gas.
e. Producing inflammable gas with production from 1,000 to 5,000 m 3/hour.
f. Processing fluoric gas.
g. Producing acetylene from hydrocarbide
a. Producing inflammable gas from fossil coal or peat with production under 5,000 m 3/hour.
b. Producing inflammable gas with production under 1,000 m 3/year.
c. Producing matches
d. Producing compressed oxygen and hydrogen
e. Being fuel depots.
g. Selling petrol.
h. Storing inflammable and explosive materials.
4.2. Chemicals, fertilizers and rubber
a. Producing nitrogen and nitrogenous fertilizer.
b. Producing industrial finished products being dye from benzene and ether with production over
1,000 ton/year.
c. Producing NaOH by electrolysis
d. Producing oil (benzol, toluene, xylol naphthol, phenol cresol, anthracene, phenantrol, acridine,
carbazole)
e. Producing chloride rubber “nairit” in facilities that produce chlorine.
f. Producing synthetic ethyl ether.
g. Producing methyl ether and ethyl solution.
h. Producing synthetic chemicals.
i. Producing organic and inorganic acid
- Sulfuric acid.
- Hydrochloric acid
- Nitric acid
- Picric acid.
- Flavic, criolit and fluoric salt.
- Aminolenan.
- Xinhin.
j. Producing
- Mercury.
- Arsenic and inorganic compounds with arsenic.
- Chorine.
- Phosphorus.
- Corundum.
- Beryllium.
a. Producing ammonia
b. Producing
- Niobium.
- Tantalum.
- Rare metal using chloridization.
- Baryum chloride using hydrosulphur.
- Industrial grease (hydrogenated by non-electrolyzing methods).
c. Producing products from asbestos.
d. Producing industrial semi-finished products being aniline paint from benzene and ether with
production over 1,000 ton/year.
e. Producing polyethylene and polypropylene from petroleum gas.
f. Producing synthetic fatty acid.
g. Producing synthetic rubber.
h. Recycling rubber.
i. Producing rubber, ebonite and rubber paper.
j. Vulcanizing rubber using hydrosulfur.
k. Producing nicotine.
l. Producing phenol formaldehyde and other artificial powder with production over 300 ton/year.
m. Producing artificial mineral paint.
n. Vulcanizing rubber using hydrosulfur.
o. Recycling rubber.
p. Producing spray paint.
q. Producing, processing, packing, preserving plant protection chemicals.
r. Producing phosphate and superphosphate.
s. Producing soap with production over 2,000 ton/year.
a. Producing glycerine.
b. Producing natural rubber.
c. Producing shoe rubber without using dusty soluble organic substances.
d. Producing plastic being polyvinyl chloride, vinyl, polyurethane foam, spongy plastic, plastic glass,
spyropo.
e. Producing perfume.
f. Vulcanizing rubber without using sulfurcarbon.
g. Producing artificial gems.
h. Producing plastic products or processed from semi-finished plastic materials.
i. Producing soap with production under 2,000 ton/year.
j. Producing products from synthetic powder, polymer and plastic using various methods.
4.3. Ferrous metallurgy
a. Producing magnesium (Chloridizing method).
b. Refining cast iron that the total capacity of the blast furnaces is over 1,500 m 3.
c. Producing aluminum by electrolysis
d. Refining steel using open-hearth furnace method and transitional furnace with production over
1,000,000 ton/year.
e. Producing ferrous alloy.
a. Producing magnesium (by non-chloridizing method).
b. Refining cast iron that the total capacity of the blast furnaces from 500 to 1,500 m 3.
b. Producing cast iron pipe with production over 10,000 ton/year.
d. Refining steel using open-hearth furnace method, electric furnace and transitional furnace with
production under 1,000,000 ton/year.
e. Producing lead-sheathed cable insulated rubber-sheathed cable
a. Producing bare cable.
b. Processing cast iron, steel with production under 10,000 ton/year.
c. Producing metal electrodes.
4.4. Non-ferrous metallurgy
b. Re-processing non-ferrous metal with production over 3,000 ton/year.
b. Refining non-ferrous metal directly from ore and refined ore.
c. Burning non-ferrous metal ore and burned piryte.
a. Producing non-ferrous metal with production over 2,000 ton/year.
b. Re-processing non-ferrous metal with production from 1,000 to 3,000 ton/year.
c. Producing zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt by electrolyzing solvent with water.
a. Producing antimony by electrolysis.
b. Plating with zinc, chrome, nickel
4.5. Building material
a. Producing porland cement, porland slag cements, puzolan cement with production over 150,000
ton/year.
b. Producing magnesite lime, dolomitic lime and samot lime using spinning furnace or other kinds of
furnaces except for manual furnace.
a. Producing porland cement, porland slag cements, puzolan cement with production under 150,000
ton/year.
b. Producing plaster.
c. Producing building materials (stones, sand, gravel).
d. Producing local cement with production under 5,000 ton/year.
e. Producing magnesite lime, dolomitic lime using manual furnaces.
f. Producing concrete, asphalt.
g. Producing glass wool and slag wool.
h. Producing asphalt paper.
a. Producing fibro-cement and flagstones
b. Producing artificial stones and products from concrete.
c. Casting stones.
d. Producing products from ceramics and fireproof products.
e. Producing glass.
f. Producing building materials using scrap from thermo-electric power plants.
g. Producing products from porcelain.
h. Producing plaster products.
i. Producing products from clay.
j. Producing stones using non-explosive methods and processing natural stones.
4.6. Treating timber and forest products
- a. Producing charcoal not using the pyrolytic method.
a. Seasoning timber.
a. Producing charcoal by pyrolysis.
a. Producing wood fiber.
b. Cutting wood; producing plywood and wooden furniture.
c. Building wooden ships and boats.
d. Producing materials from sedge, grass, straw, laminate.
e. Producing products from wood fiber (shavings laminate, wood fiber laminate, wood fiber cement
laminate).
f. Producing sedge cloth.
g. Producing wooden furniture, coffins, floor timber.
h. Building wooden ships and boars.
4.7. Textile and garment
Producing textile and thread using chemicals to treat, bleach and dye.
- Producing textile and thread without dyeing, producing garment.
4.8. Cellulose and paper
- Producing cellulose by sulphide acid, bisulphide acid and monosulphid acid methods that burn
sulphur.
- Producing fenylaldehyt cloth, paper coils and laminates with production over 100 ton/year.
a. Producing fenylaldehyt cloth, paper coils and laminates with production under 100 ton/year.
b. Producing various kinds of paper and cardboard, products from wood, bamboo, cellulose without
using liquified sulfur gas.
4.9. Tanning leather and products from leather and leatherette
- Producing leatherette using dusty soluble organic substances.
a. Producing leatherette using polyvinylchloride and other powders without using dusty soluble
organic substances.
b. Tanning cattle
4.10. Food
a. Being cattle farm with over 1,000 head.
b. Being slaughterhouse that process fish (fat, oil, fin).
c. Being facilities taking fat from sea animals.
d. Being facilities boiling and cleaning food.
e. Being station for rinsing and cleaning the carriages after carrying cattle.
f. Being sugar plants.
g. Being fishery facilities.
a. Producing albumin.
b. Producing wine.
c. Grinding, producing cattle feed.
d. Producing meat and freezing meat.
e. Treating coffee.
f. Producing vegetable oil.
g. Producing vegetable butter.
h. Being fruit factories.
i. Producing dextrin, sugar, honey.
j. Boiling cheese.
k. Canning fish, processing fish with waste-recycling workshops, fish factory-chains.
l. Producing powder, alcohol and seasoning.
m. Producing cigarettes using yeast.
n. Producing acetone butyl.
o. Producing beer (together with malt and yeast).
p. Producing canned food.
q. Being fruit depots.
r. Producing sugar lumps.
s. Producing noodles.
t. Producing smoked fish.
u. Producing milk and butter (from animals).
v. Producing sausage with production over 3 ton/shift.
w. Producing sweet with production of 20,000 ton/year or above.
x. Producing bread.
y. Processing food.
z. Producing vinegar.
aa. Freezing food with capacity over 600 ton.
bb. Producing fruit wine.
cc. Producing fruit juice.
dd. Producing Cognac.
ee. Rolling cigarettes, hatched and dried tobacco.
4.11. Hygiene technical constructions and public amenities
4.11.1. A distance of 1,000m for:
a. Yards for storing and classifying rubbish (solids and liquids) and scrap.
b. Ash pile that stinks or discomposing waste pile.
4.11.2. A distance of 500m for:
a. Rubbish recycling and burning plants.
b. Hygienic waste burial yards.
c. Rubbish classification yards.
d. Industrial waste burial yards.
e. Parking yard of means of waste transport.
f. Reservoir for sewage from cities and town, sewage treatment zones.
g. Graveyards
h. Depots for recyclable materials.
4.11.3. A distance of 100m for:
- Temporary depots of untreated waste materials.
III. MANUAL LABOR – STANDARDS OF TASK CLASSIFICATION BY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
1. Scope of regulation: These standards are applicable to dynamic labor tasks (that release
apparent energy) These standards do not apply to static labor tasks (that does not release apparent
energy).
2. Subjects of application The workers at facilities that employ workers.
3. Definition
The terms in these standards are construed as follows:
- Energy consumption: is the amount of energy being used during the operation or the idle period.
Usually represented in watt (W), kilocalorie per minute or per hour (Kcal/minute or Kcal/hour) or
Kcal/kg of body weight/minute, or Kcal/minute/m2 of body area.
- Energy consumption by netto: Is the energy consumption while working or resting excluding
fundamental metabolism.
- Energy consumption by brutto: Is the energy consumption while working or resting including
fundamental metabolism.
4. Standards of classification
Table 1. Classifying tasks by energy consumption
Class Brutto energy consumption (Kcal/Kg/minute)
Male Female
Light < 0.062 < 0.050
Medium 0.062 – 0.080 0.050 – 0.065
Heavy 0.080 – 0.127 0.065 – 0.095
Very heavy 0.127 – 0.160 0.095 – 0.125
Extremely heavy 0.160 – 0.200 0.125 – 0.155
Maximum > 0.20 > 0.155
IV. MANUAL LABOR – STANDARDS OF TASK CLASSIFICATION BY HEART RATE
1. Scope of regulation: These standards are applicable to the labor tasks (that release apparent
energy) in environments of which the temperature does not exceed 32 0C. These standards do not
apply to static labor tasks (that does not release apparent energy).
2. Subjects of application The workers at facilities that employ workers.
3. Definition
The term in these standards is construed as follows:
- Labor heart rate is the heart rate being monitored while the subject has been working at least 3
minutes.
4. Standards of classification
Class Heart rate (beat/minute)
Light < 90
Medium 90 - 100
Heavy 100 - 120
Very heavy 120 - 140
Extremely heavy 140 - 160
Maximum >160
Note: The labor heart rate may be extrapolated from the heart rate of the first recovery minute
multiplied with 1.14.
V. CARRYING STANDARDS – LIMITED WEIGHT
1. Scope of regulation: These standards specify the maximum carrying weight for each load of a
person that have adapted to strenuous manual labor while doing regular or irregular carrying jobs.
2. Subjects of application: the workers at facilities employing workers.
3. Limit values:
Norm Limit (kg)
Male Female
Regular carrying jobs 40 30
Irregular carrying jobs 20 15
VI. LIGHTING STANDARDS
1. Scope of regulation: the requirements for lighting hygiene at workplaces in offices and workshops.
2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers. These standards are not applicable to
outdoor workplaces.
3. Cited standards
The values specified in these standards are recommendations in ISO 8995-1998 and equivalent to
TCVN 3743 – 83.
4. Acceptable values
The minimum light intensity for the works is prescribed in Table 1. The maximum value must not
exceed 5,000 lux for filament bulbs and 10,000 lux for fluorescent lamps.
Table 1: Light intensity
Light intensity (lux)
Class of
Kind of interior/work Fluorescent Incandescent
work
lamp lamps *
Indoor shared areas
Ventilation area, corridor D-E 50 30
Staircase, elevator C-D 100 50
Locker room, restroom C-D 100 50
Warehouse D-E 100 50
Assembly workshops
Manual tasks, heavy-duty machine assembly C-D 200 100
Medium tasks, car assembly B-C 300 150
Precision works, electronics assembly A-B 500 250
Precision works, tool assembly A-B 1,000 500
Chemicals
Automated processes D-E 50 30
Uncrowded production area C-D 100 50
Shared interior C-D 200 100
Laboratory C-D 300 200
Medicine preparation C-D 300 200
OTK A-B 500 250
Colorimetry A-B 750 400
Producing rubber pad A-B 300 150
Garment industry
Sewing A-B 500 250
OTK A-B 750 375
Ironing A-B 300 150
Electricity industry
Cable production B-C 200 100
Telephone network installation A-B 300 200
Line installation A-B 500 250
Radio assembly A-B 750 400
Extreme precision assembly of electronic A-B 1,000 500
components
Food industry
Shared working area C-D 200 100
Automated processes D-E 150 75
Manual processing, OTK A-B 300 200
Casting industry
Casting workshop D-E 150 75
Raw casting, core casting C-D 200 100
Precision casting, core making, OTK A-B 300 200
Glass and ceramics industry
Furnace workshop D-E 100 50
Casting, molding, mixing room C-D 200 100
Finishing, glazing, polishing B-C 300 150
Coloring, decorating A-B 500 250
Grinding glass, precision works A-B 750 400
Iron and steel industry
Production area without manual work D-E 50 30
Production area with occasional manual work D-E 100 50
Fixed workplace in the factory D-E 300 150
Supervision place and OTK A-B 300 200
Leather industry
Share working area B-C 200 100
Molding, cutting, sewing, producing shoes A-B 500 250
Quality testing, classifying, comparing A-B 750 400
Machine and machine testing
Unfixed works D-E 150 75
Manual works, non-manual works, welding C-D 200 100
Non-manual works with automated machines B-C 300 150
Precision works, working with machines, A-B 500 250
precise machines, machine testing
Extremely precise works, measurement, OTK, A-B 1,000 500
complicated details
Painting and coloring
Immersion painting, spraying raw paint D-E 200 100
Usual painting, spraying and finishing A-B 500 250
Correcting and comparing color A-B 750 400
Paper industry
Producing paper and cardboard C-D 200 100
Automated production D-E 150 75
OTK, classification A-B 300 150
Printing and bookbinding
Printer room C-D 300 150
Editing and reading room A-B 500 250
Precise testing, revising, acid carving A-B 750 375
Color publishing and printing A-B 1,000 500
Carving steel and copper A-B 1500 750
Bookbinding A-B 300 150
Typesetting, embossing A-B 500 250
Textile industry
Ornamenting D-E 200 100
Spinning thread, coiling, winding, dyeing C-D 300 150
Spinning small thread, weaving A-B 500 250
Sewing, OTK A-B 750 375
Carpentry workshop
Sawing area D-E 150 75
Sitting works, assembly C-D 200 100
Comparing, selecting wood B-C 300 150
Finishing, OTK A -B 500 250
Office
Shared rooms A-B 300 150
Professional planning room A-B 500 250
Graphic room A-B 500 250
Conference room A-B 300 150
Shops
General lighting at shops
Big shopping malls B-C 500 250
Small shops B-C 300 150
Supermarket B-C 500 250
School
General lighting A-B 300 150
Office A-B 300 150
Briefing room A-B 300 150
Display room A-B 500 250
Laboratory A-B 300 150
Art display room A-B 300 150
Hall C-D 150 75
Hospital
Areas
Diagnosis room A-B 200 100
Reading room A-B 150 100
Night shift A-B 3
Diagnosis room:
Localized diagnosis A-B 750 375
Intensive treatment
Bed-head A-B 30 20
Observation place A-B 200 100
Workplaces of nurses A-B 200 100
Surgery room
Spot lighting A-B 10,000 5,000
Automated examination room
Spot lighting A-B 5,000 2.500
Pharmaceutical and test room
Spot lighting A-B 500 250
Consultancy room
Spot lighting A-B 500 250
Notes:
- A: Works that require extreme precision
- B: Works that require high precision
- C: Works that require precision
- D: Works that require mediocre precision
- E: Works that require little precision
* For places that use both fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps, the incandescent lamp
intensity shall prevail
VII. MICROCLIMATE STANDARDS
1. Scope of regulation:
These standards specify the temperature, humidity, air speed, heat radiation intensity.
2. Subjects of application: all facilities that employ workers.
3. Cited standards
The value specified in these standards are equivalent to TCVN 5508 - 1991
4. Acceptable values
Table 1: Requirements of temperature, humidity, air speed, heat radiation intensity.
Air Air
Time temperature(0C) Air speed Heat radiation intensity
Work humidity
(season) (m/s) (W/m2)
Max Min (%)
Cold Light 20 80 or under 0.2 35 when more than 50% of

season the human body surface is
Medium 18 0.4
exposed
Heavy 16 0.5
70 when more than 25% of
the human body surface is
exposed
Hot Light 34 80 or under 1.5 100 when less than 25% of
season the human body surface is
Medium 32
exposed
Heavy 30
For each measurement:
The temperature must not exceed 320C. The production area must not be hotter than 37 0C.
The temperature difference between the production area and outdoors is from 3 0C to 50C.
The relative humidity: 75 - 85%.
The wind speed must not exceed 2m/s.
The heat radiation intensity: 1 cal/cm2/minute.
Table 2: Acceptable limits by Yaglou thermal index
Kind of work Light Medium Heavy
Continuous work 30.0 26.7 25.0
50% working, 50% at rest 31.4 29.4 27.9
25% working, 75% at rest 33.2 31.4 30.0
VIII. STANDARDS OF SILICON DUST
These standards specify the limited concentration of the dust that contains silicon dioxide (SiO 2).
2. Subjects of application: the facilities that employ workers.
3. Cited standards
The value specified in these standards are equivalent to TCVN 5509 - 1991
4. Limit values:
4.1. The maximum acceptable concentration of dust by particle
Table 1: The maximum acceptable concentration of dust by particle
Overall dust concentration Respiratory dust concentration

Group (particle/cm3)
Silicon content (%) (particle/cm3)
of dust
By shift By time By shift By time
1 From over 50 to 100 200 600 100 300
2 From over 20 to 50 500 1,000 250 500
3 From over 5 to 20 1,000 2,000 500 1,000
4 From 5 and fewer 1,500 3,000 800 1,500
4.2. The maximum acceptable concentration of dust by weight
Table 2: The maximum acceptable concentration of dust by weight
Overall dust concentration Respiratory dust concentration

Group (mg/m3)
Silicon content (%) (mg/m3)
of dust
By shift By time By shift By time
1 100 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3
2 From over 50 to under 100 1,0 2.0 0.5 1.0
3 From over 20 to 50 2.0 4.0 1.0 2.0
4 From 20 and fewer 3.0 6.0 2.0 4.0
IX. STANDARDS OF NON-SILICON DUST
These standards specify the limited concentration of the dust without silicon dioxide (SiO 2).
3. Limit values:
Table 1: The maximum acceptable concentration of non-silicon dust
Overall dust
Overall dust
Kind Substance concentration
concentration (mg/m3)
(mg/m3)
1 Activated carbon, aluminum, bentonite,
diatomite, graphite, kaolin, pyrite, talcum 2 1
powder
2 Bakelite, coal, ferric oxide, zinc oxide,
titanium dioxide, silicate, apatite, beryl,
4 2
phosphatide, limestone, pearlite, marble,
portland cement
3 Dust of herb, animal: tea, tobacco, wood
6 3
dust, cereal dust
4 Organic and inorganic dust not belonging
8 4
to kind 1, 2, 3
X. STANDARDS OF COTTON DUST
These standards specify the limited concentration of dust of cotton and artificial cotton.
3. Limit values:
The maximum acceptable concentration of cotton dust (sampling for 8 hours): 1 mg/m 3
XI. STANDARDS OF ASBESTOS DUST
These standards specify the acceptable values of vocational exposures to every kind of asbestos dust
belonging to the Serpentine (Chrysotile) group in the air of the production area.
2. Subjects of application: the facilities that workers.
3. Limit values:
Table 1: The acceptable values of vocational exposures to asbestos dust
No. Substance In 8 hours (fiber/ml) In 1 hour (fiber/ml)
1 Serpentine (Chrysotile) 0.1 0.5
2 Amphibole 0 0
XII. STANDARDS OF NOISE
These standards specify the acceptable noise levels at workplaces in workshops, factories and
agencies affected by the noise.
2. Subjects of application: Every facility that employs workers.
3. Cited standards
The acceptable values specified in these standards are equivalent to TCVN 3985 - 1999
4. Acceptable levels
4.1. The continuous noise level equivalent to Leq dBA at workplaces must not exceed 85 dBA in 8
hours.
4.2. If the time of exposure to the noise reduces by 50%, the acceptable noise level may increases 5
more dB.
For 4 hours of exposure, 5 dB increased, the acceptable level is 90 dBA
2 hours 95 dBA
1 hour 100 dBA
30 minutes 105 dBA
15 minutes 110 dBA
< 15 minutes 115 dBA
The maximum loudness is 115 dBA.
Only exposure to noise under 80 dBA is acceptable for the remaining time of the working day .
4.3. The acceptable noise pressure level for noise under 5 dB compared to the values specified in
section 4.1, 4.2.
4.4. In order to achieve the productivity at various working positions, the noise pressure level at such
places must not exceed the values in the below table.
Table 1: The noise pressure level at working positions
Work positions Limit of noise level (dB) of the corresponding octave (Hz)
Limit of
noise level
or the 63 125 250 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 8,000
equivalent
(dBA)
1. Working areas of
workers, places with
85 99 92 86 83 80 78 76 74
workers in workshops
and factories
2. Monitoring and remote
control rooms without
telephone, laboratories, 80 94 87 82 78 75 73 71 70
computer rooms with
noisy equipment.
3. Monitoring and remote
control rooms with
telephone, coordination 70 87 79 72 68 65 63 61 59
room, precision assembly
room, typing room..
4. Functional,
administrative,
65 83 74 68 63 60 57 55 54
accounting, planning,
statistics rooms.
5. Mental working,
designing, researching,
statistics, programming, 55 75 66 59 54 50 47 45 43
figure processing rooms
and theoretic laboratory
XIII. STANDARDS OF VIBRATION
These standards specify the acceptable vibration levels of chairs, working floors, control devices and
tool handles that produces vibration affecting the workers during the production.
2. Subjects of application: Every facility that employ workers.
3. Cited standards
These standards are equivalent to TCVN 5127 - 90
4. Acceptable rate
The vibration levels at the working places must not exceed the values specified in Table 1, 2, 3.
Table 1: Vibration of working floors and chairs
Acceptable vibration velocity (cm/s)
Frequency band (Hz)
Vertical vibration Horizontal vibration
1 (0.88 – 1.4) 12.6 5.0
2 (1.4 – 2.8) 7.1 3.5
4 (2.8 – 5.6) 2.5 3.2
8 (5.6 – 11.2) 1.3 3.2
16 (11.2 – 22.4) 1.1 3.2
31.5 (22.4 - 45) 1.1 3.2
63 (45 - 90) 1.1 3.2
125 (90 - 180) 1.1 3.2
250 (180 - 355) 1.1 3.2
Table 2: Vibration of control devices
Frequency band (Hz) Acceptable vibration velocity (cm/s)
Vertical vibration Horizontal vibration
16 (11.2 – 22.4) 4.0 4.0
31.5 (22.4 - 45) 2.8 2.8
63 (45 - 90) 2.0 2.0
125 (90 - 180) 1.4 1.4
250 (180 - 355) 1.0 1.0
Table 3: Vibration of the tool handles
Frequency band (Hz) Acceptable vibration velocity Correction coefficient k0*
(cm/s)
8 (5.6 – 11.2) 2.8 0.5
16 (11.2 – 22.4) 1.4 1
31.5 (22.4 - 45) 1.4 1
63 (45 - 90) 1.4 1
125 (90 - 180) 1.4 1
250 (180 - 355) 1.4 1
500 (355 - 700) 1.4 1
1,000 (700 - 1400) 1.4 1
* The correction coefficient k0 is used for calculating the corrective vibration velocity V hD (or total
vibration velocity)
The acceptable corrective vibration velocity must not exceed 4 cm/s in 8 hours
The acceptable VhD by time:
8 hours – 4.0 cm/s 4 hours – 5.6 cm/s
< 0.5 hours under 16 cm/s
XIV. STANDARDS OF STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD - MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY
These standards specify the acceptable levels of magnetic flux density of static magnetic field in
working environments affected by the static magnetic field.
3. Definition
- Medical equipment: is the medical equipment aiding the physiological functions such as pacing
systems.
Table 1: Acceptable levels of magnetic flux density of static magnetic field.
Subjects of application 8 hours of exposure Maximum limit
Entire body 60 mT (600G) 2 T (2.104G)
Limbs 600 mT (6000G) 5 T (5.104G)
Attached medical equipment - 0.5 mT (5G)
XV. STANDARDS OF LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD - MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY
These standards specify the acceptable levels of magnetic flux density of low-frequency magnetic
field at work areas.
3. Definition
- Low frequency: are frequencies from 30 KHz and lower.
Table 1: The acceptable levels of vocational exposures to low-frequency magnetic field
Frequency band
Acceptable level Acceptable value  60/f
Maximum level 0.2 mT (2 G)
- f: the frequency of electric current (in Hz)
XVI. STANDARDS OF INTENSITY OF LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELD AND STATIC
ELECTRIC FIELD
These standards specify the acceptable levels of magnetic flux density of low frequency magnetic
field at working areas.
Table 1: Acceptable levels of intensity of electric field below 30 KHz.
Frequency band
0 Hz - 100Hz 100Hz - 4kHz 4kHz - 30kHz
Maximum value 25kV/m (2,5 x 106)/f 625V/m
- f: the frequency of electric current (in Hz)
XVII. STANDARDS OF INTENSITY OF ELECTRIC FIELD FROM 30KHz - 300GHz
These standards specify the acceptable levels electromagnetic field intensity and the energy density
of electromagnetic waves 30kHz-300GHz at working areas.
Table 1a: Acceptable levels of intensity of electromagnetic field from 30KHz-300MHz.
Frequency Electromagnetic field Magnetic field Average value of E, H
intensity (E)
intensity (H)
(V/m) over a period (second)
(A/m)
30kHz – 1.5MHz 50 5 30
1.5MHz - 3MHz 50 5 30
3MHz - 30MHz 20 0.5 30
30MHz - 50MHz 10 0.3 30
50MHz - 300MHz 5 0.163 30
Table 1: Acceptable values of energy density of radiation from 300MHz - 300GHz.
Acceptable exposure
Frequency Energy density (W/cm2) Notes
duration in 1 day
< 10 1 day
300MHz - 300GHz 10 - 100 < 2 hours The energy density must

not exceed 10 W/cm2 for
100 - 1,000 < 20 minutes the rest.
Table 2: Acceptable values of contacting current and inductive current.
Maximum current (mA)
Frequency Through 2 feet Through each foot Contact
30kHz - 100kHz 2000f 1,000f 1,000f
100kHz - 100MHz 200 100 100
- f: the frequency of high-frequency electric current (in Hz)
XVIII. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION – ACCEPTABLE LEVELS
1. Scope of regulation: These standards specify the acceptable values of ultraviolet radiation within
the spectrum from 180nm - 400nm (from arc, electric vapor discharge, fluorescence and intensive
light sources, solar radiation). Ultraviolet laser is not regulated.
3. Definition
- Near-ultraviolet spectrum: are light waves of which the wavelengths range from 315nm - 400nm.
- The acceptable values of exposure to ultraviolet radiation that damage skin or eyes where the
radiation values are known and the exposure durations are controlled:
4.1. Unprotected bare eye exposures to near-ultraviolet spectrum:
a. For duration < 103 seconds, the radiation exposure must not exceed 1,0 J/cm2.
b. For duration ≥103 seconds, the total radiation energy must not exceed 1.0 mW/cm 2.
4.2. The exposure of unprotected skin or eyes to ultraviolet radiation must not exceed the values
specified in Table 1 in 8 hours
Table 1: Acceptable levels of ultraviolet radiation and spectral weighting function in 8 hours.
Wavelength (nm) Acceptable levels (mJ/cm2) Spectrum intensity coefficient
(S)
180 250 0.012
190 160 0.019
200 100 0.030
205 59 0.051
210 40 0.075
215 32 0.095
220 25 0.120
225 20 0.150
230 16 0.190
235 13 0.240
240 10 0.300
245 8.3 0.360
250 7.0 0.430
254 6.0 0.500
255 5.8 0.520
260 4.6 0.650
265 3.7 0.810
270 3.0 0.1
275 3.1 0.960
280 3.4 0.880
285 3.9 0.770
290 4.7 0.640
295 5.6 0.540
297 6.5 0.460
300 10 0.300
303 25 0.120
305 50 0.060
308 120 0.026
310 200 0.015
313 500 0.006
315 1.0 x 103 0.003
3
316 1.3 x 10 0.0024
317 1.5 x 103 0.0020
318 1.9 x 103 0.0016
319 2.5 x 103 0.0012
320 2.9 x 103 0.0010
3
322 4.5 x 10 0.00067
323 5.6 x 103 0.00054
325 6.0 x 103 0.00050
328 6.8 x 103 0.00044
330 7.3 x 103 0.00041
3
333 8.1 x 10 0.00037
335 8.8 x 103 0.00034
340 1.1 x 104 0.00028
4
345 1.3 x 10 0.00024
350 1.5 x 104 0.00020
355 1.9 x 104 0.00016
360 2.3 x 104 0.00013
365 2.7 x 104 0.00011
4
370 3.2 x 10 0.000093
375 3.9 x 104 0.000077
380 4.7 x 104 0.000064
4
385 5.7 x 10 0.000053
390 6.8 x 104 0.000044
395 8.3 x 104 0.000036
400 1.0 x 105 0.000030
Table 2: Acceptable levels of ultraviolet radiation.
Effective radiation
Exposure duration/day
Eeff (W/cm2)
8 hours 0.1
4 hours 0.2
2 hours 0.4
1 hour 0.8
30 minutes 1.7
15 minutes 3.3
10 minutes 3.3
5 minutes 10
1 minute 50
30 seconds 100
10 seconds 300
1 second 3,000
0.5 second 6,000
0.1 second 30,000
XIX. STANDARDS OF RADIOACTIVITY
These standards specify the acceptable values of doses and levels of radioactive substances and
radioactive rays at workplaces.
2. Subjects of application: These standards are applicable to people that directly or indirectly work
with ionizing radiation. The general residents are not regulated.
3. Definition
- Ionizing radiation, as known as radioactivity, are all kinds of radiations (electromagnetic and
particle radiation) that creates ions when interacting with the environment.
- Radiation bases: are places that use radiation sources such as:
+ X-ray devices, -ray emitters
+ Sources of closed radiation such as: Radium 226, cobalt, Strontium 90.
+ Sources of open radiation such as: I-131, P-32, U-238, Th-232.
- External radiation: radiation from a source outside the body.
- Internal radiation: radiation from a source inside the body.
- Equivalent dose: is the equivalent dose for a period of time (Rem/hour). Rem: Roentgent
equivalent in man.
- Control zone: is the contiguous zones around the radiation bases or the radioactive gas discharge
pipe
- Supervision zone: is the area outside the control zone that might be affected by the gaseous, liquid
or solid radioactive substances.
4. Cited standards
- These standards are equivalent to TCVN 4397 - 87
5. Acceptable doses
The equivalent dose at working positions of the radiation bases must not exceed the values
specified in Table 1.
Table 1: Acceptable equivalent dose
Radiated subjects Workplace P (mrem/h) with t  40h/week
- Regular workplaces 1.2
Subject A
- Workplaces under 20h/week 2.4
- In other working rooms within the control
0.12
Subject B zone
0.03
- In supervision zones
Notes: Subject A: Radiation worker
Subject B: Adjacent people
5.2. The limited doses in a year (for both internal and external radiation) of the radiated subjects and
the vital organs are specified in Table 2:
Table 2: Limited dose in a year
Limited dose for vital organs (rem/year)
Human subject
Group I Group II Group III
A 5 15 30
B 0.5 1.5 3
Notes:
- Group I: whole-body, gonads, bone marrow.
- Group II: Organs outside Group I and III
- Group III: Skin, tissue, bones, hands, legs, feet, ankles
5.3. The limited density of radioactive substances in the air or workplaces are specified in Table 3.
That of the radioactive compounds with unknown compositions are specified in Table 4.
5.4. The radioactive contamination levels of surfaces at workplaces and protective instruments are
specified in Table 5.
5.5. The total accumulative doses of Subject A at any age over 18 are calculated by the formula:
D  5 (N - 18)
- D: Dose (in Rem).
- N: Age (in year).
If necessary, the accumulative dose may reach 12 rem/year, but then must be offset in 5 years so that
the total dose would not exceed D.
Table 3: The limited air density of nuclides of which the compositions are totally or partly
unknown (Ci/l)
The composition of radioactive nuclide mixtures that
Subject A Subject B
contaminate through the respiratory tract
Unknown composition 4 x 10-16 1 x 10-17
The composition does not contain Cm-248 8 x 10-16 3 x 10-17
The composition does not contain: PA-231, Pu 239, Pu-240. 2 x 10-15 5 x 10-17
Pu 242, Cm-248, Cf-249, Cf-251
The composition does not contain: Ac-227, Th-230. Pa-231, 4 x 10-15 1 x 10-16
Pu238, Pu-239, Pu-240. Pu-242, Pu-244, Cm-248, Cf-249,
Cf-251
The composition does not contain any alpha radiation and 2 x 10-14 8 x 10-16
Ac-227
The composition does not contain any alpha radiation and 2 x 10-13 8 x 10-15
Pb-210. Ac-227, Ra-228, Pu-241
The composition does not contain any alpha radiation and 2 x 10-16` 8 x 10-13
Sr-90. I-192, Pb-210. Ac-227, Ra-228, Pa-230. Pu-241, Bk-
249
Table 4: The limited density of radioactive substances in the working air
Limited density in the Limited density in the
Radioactive Form in working air Ci/l Radioactive Form in working air Ci/l
No. No.
nuclide compounds nuclide compounds Subject
Subject A Subject B Subject B
A
Insoluble 2.0x10-6 6.6x10-8 Soluble

1 H-3(T) 31 Co-57 1.6x10-11 5.5x10-12
Soluble 4.8x10 -9
1.6x10 -10
Insoluble
Soluble
2 C-14 Soluble 3.5x10-9 1.2x10-10 32 Co-58 5.6x10-11 1.9x10-12
Insoluble
Soluble Soluble
3 F-18 2.6x10-9 8.7x10-11 33 Co-60 8.8x10-12 3.0x10-13
Insoluble Insoluble
Soluble Soluble
4 Na-22 8.4 x10-12 2.9x10-13 34 Ni-63 6.4x10-11 2.2x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
Soluble Soluble
5 Na-24 1.4x10-10 4.9x10-12 35 Cu-64 1.0x10-9 3.6x10-11
Insoluble Insoluble
6 P-32 Soluble 7.2x10-11 2.4x10-12 36 Zn-65 Soluble 6.0x10-11 2.6x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
-11 -12
7 S-35 Soluble 3.6x10 1.2x10 37 As-74 Soluble 1.2x10-10 4.2x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
8 Cl-36 Soluble 2.3x10-11 7.8x10-13 38 Se-75 Soluble 1.2x10-10 4.2x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
-10 -12
9 K-42 Soluble 1.1x10 3.7x10 39 Br-82 Soluble 1.9x10-10 6.4x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
10 Ca-43 Soluble 3.2x10-11 1.1x10-12 40 Rb-86 Soluble 6.8x10-11 2.3x10-12
Insoluble
-10 -12
11 Ca-47 Insoluble 1.7x10 5.8x10 41 Sr-89 Soluble 2.8x10-11 9.4x10-13
12 Cr-51 Soluble 2.2x10-9 7.7x10-11 42 Sr-90 Soluble 1.2x10-12 4.0x10-14

Insoluble
13 Mn-52 Soluble 1.4x10-10 4.8x10-12 43 Y-90 Soluble 1.0x10-10 3.5x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
-11 -12
14 Mn-54 Soluble 3.6x10 1.2x10 44 Zr-93 Soluble 1.3x10-10 4.4x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
15 Fe-55 Soluble 8.4x10-10 2.9x10-11 45 Tc-99m Soluble 1.4x10-9 4.8x10-10
Insoluble Insoluble
-11 -12
16 Fe-59 Soluble 5.2x10 1.8x10 46 Tc-99 Soluble 6.0x10-11 2.1x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
17 Mo-99 Soluble 2.0x10-10 6.9x10-12 47 Au-198 Soluble 2.4x10-10 8.0x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
-9 -10
18 In-113m Soluble 6.8x10 2.3x10 48 Hg-197 Soluble 1.2x10-9 4.0x10-11
Insoluble Insoluble
19 Sb-124 Soluble 1.9x10-11 6.6x10-13 49 Hg-203 Soluble 7.2x10-11 2.5x10-12
Insoluble Insoluble
20 I-125 Soluble 4.8x10-12 1.6x10-13 50 TI-201 Soluble 8.8x10-10 3.0x10-11
Insoluble
-12 -13
21 I-126 Soluble 3.6x10 1.2x10 51 Pb-210 Soluble 6.0x10-14 2.0x10-13
Insoluble
22 I-129 Soluble 8.0x10-13 2.7x10-14 52 Po-21 Soluble 9.3x10-14 3.1x10-15
Insoluble
-12 -13
23 I-131 Soluble 4.2x10 1.5x10 53 Ra-226 Soluble 2.5x10-14 8.5x10-18
Insoluble
24 Cs-131 Soluble 1.0x10-8 3.6x10-10 54 Th-232 Soluble 1.0x10-15 2.5x10-14
Insoluble Insoluble
-9 -10
25 Cs-134m Soluble 6.0x10 2.0x10 55 U-235 Soluble 6.0x10-14
Insoluble 7.1x 10-8năm Insoluble
26 Cs-134 Soluble 1.3x10-11 4.4x10-14 56 U-238 Soluble 6.3x10-14 2.2x10-15
Insoluble Insoluble
-14 -13
27 Cs-137 Soluble 1.4x10 4.9x10 57 Am-241 Soluble 3.0x10-15 1.0x10-16
Insoluble Insoluble
28 Ba-131 Soluble 3.5x10-10 1.2x10-11 58 Cm-244 Soluble 46x10-15 1.5x10-16
Insoluble Insoluble
-10 -12
29 La-140 Soluble 1.2x10 4x10 59 Cf-252 Soluble 3.2x10-15 1.1x10-16
Insoluble Insoluble
30 Ir-192 Soluble 2.6x10-11 8.7x10-13
Insoluble
Notes: Other specifications of the radioactive nuclides in this Table can be found in "Safety Norm of
ionizing radiation” TCVN 4397-87
Table 5: Contamination levels of surfaces (particle/cm2/minute)(1)
Nuclide emitting alpha particle Nuclide emitting
Contaminated subject beta particle (4)
Special
Other nuclei
nucleus(2)
Skin, towel, internal clothes, inner side of
the front side of personal safety 1 1 100
instruments.
Primary safety outfit, inner side of
5 20 800
additional safety instruments
Surface of rooms with regular workers,
outer side of additional safety instrument in 5 20 2,000
these rooms.
Surface of machinery rooms without
regular workers, outer side of additional 50 200 8,000
safety instrument in these rooms.
Means of transport, outer side of
containers and wrap of radioactive 10 10 100
substances in the control zones(3).
Notes:
(1) For surfaces of working rooms, equipment, means of transport, containers, wrap, the
contamination level is determined using dry cleaning method according to the non-sticky
contamination amount (cleanable). For other cases, the contamination levels are determined by the
total contamination level (non-sticky and sticky)
(2) Special nuclides are nuclides that emit alpha particles with acceptable density in the working air
being 1.10-14 Curi/liter.
(3) The radioactive contamination on the outer side of the radioactive substance container and means
of transport are not allowed outside the control zone.
(4) For Sr-90. Sr-90 + Y-90, the acceptable contamination level is 5 times lower. The tritium
contamination is not regulated because it is controlled by the content in the air and in the body.
XX. X-RAY RADIATION – ACCEPTABLE LEVELS
These standards specify the requirements for radiation safety of medical X-ray facilities.
2. Subjects of application: medical X-ray facilities.
3. Definition
- Medical X-ray facilities are medical facilities using X-ray devices for medical examination and
treatment.
4. Cited standards
These standards are equivalent to TCVN 6561-1999
5.1. Limited doses
Table 1: Acceptable doses in a year
Kind of dose and Radiation worker Apprentice from 16-18 Other people
subjects of years old
application
Systemic effective 20mSv 6mSv 1mSv
dose
Equivalent dose for 150mSv 50mSv 15mSv
crystalline lens
Equivalent dose for 500mSv 150mSv 50mSv
limbs or skin
Lounge and waiting 1mSv
room
Notes: - The doses when working with X-ray do not include natural background radiation.
- Doses for special cases are specified in the Annex
Table 2: Acceptable instantaneous doses in X-ray rooms
Location Dose (Sv/h)
- Directly radiated workers 10.0
- Film development room 0.50
- Patient waiting room or lounge 0.50
- Working rooms and workplaces of employees 0.50
- The outer side X-ray machine 0.50
5.2. Limited doses in special cases
5.2.1. Effective doses for radiation worker: 20mSv, averagely sampled in 5 consecutive working years.
The dose may reach 50mSv in a single year but the average dose in 5 years must not exceed
20mSv/year.
The effective dose for radiation workers is 20mSv/year being averagely sampled in 10 consecutive
working years and the dose in any single year does not exceed 50mSv.
When the accumulative effective dose of a radiation worker reaches 100mSv, it must be reconsidered.
If his/her health is still normal without manifestation of radioactive impacts, the blood formula is still
unchanged etc., the work may continue.
5.2.2. Effective doses for other people: The dose may reach 5 mSv in a single year but the average
dose in 5 consecutive years must not exceed 1 mSv/year The layout, sizes and radiation protection
methods are specified in the Annex.
5.3. Location of a X-ray facility
The X-ray facility must be isolated from paediatrics, obstetrics, crowded areas etc, especially the
tenements.
5.4. Layout of a X-ray facility
Each X-ray facility must contain at least the following rooms:
- The patient waiting room or lounge,
- The X-ray machine room,
- The film development room,
- The working room or place of radiation workers.
5.4.1. The Patient waiting room or lounge:
- The patient waiting room (or lounge) must be separated from the X-ray room. The limited dose in
this room must not exceed 1mSv/year.
5.4.2. The X-ray machine room must satisfy the following requirements:
- Convinient for the installation and operation, safe for the patients to moves. The minimum area is 25
m2, the minimum width is 4.5 m, the minimum height is 3m for an ordinary X-ray machine.
- The breast, teeth X-ray machines and CT scanners must comply with the standardized size in Table
3.
Table 3: The minimum size of working rooms for medical X-ray machines
Work Room area Minimum side length
- (CT scanner room)
+ 2-dimension 28 m2 4m
2
+ 3-dimension 40 m 4m
- X-ray room for teeth 12 m2 3m
- X-ray room for breast 18 m2 4m
- X-ray machine with contrast medium 30 m2 4.5 m
- X-ray machine with signal contrast medium 36 m2 5.5 m
2
- Automated dark room 7m 2.5 m
- Non-automated dark room 8 m2 2.5 m
- If the room design for new machines recommended by the producer is smaller than the above
measurements, the consent of competent State agencies is compulsory.
- The thickness of the walls, the ceiling, the floor and the doors of the X-ray machine room must be
calculated and designed in accordance with specifications of the equipment (voltage, current
intensity), operation duration and the outer occupation coefficient of the X-ray room.
- The minimum height of the vents and windows of the X-ray room where people pass by is 2 m from
the floor outside the X-ray room.
- The radiation signal light must be put at the eye level outside the door of the X-ray room. The signal
light must glow throughout the radiation emission of the machine.
- The X-ray machine installation must ensure that the X-ray beam is not emitted toward the door or
places with many people, and the eyes must be protected from the radiation sources. The shield
height must be over 2m from the floor, the minimum width is 90cm and the corresponding thickness is
1.5mm of lead.
- For rooms with 2 X-ray machines, only 1 is allowed to operate at a time.
- The control panel is put inside or outside the X-ray room depending on the machine itself. There
must be lead glass for observing the patient. The limited dose at the control panel must not exceed 20
mSv/year (excluding natural background radiation).
5.4.3. The film development room (the dark room):
- The dark room must be separated from the X-ray room.
- The dose in the dark room must not affect the film development. The undeveloped film must not be
radiated over 1 mSv/year, excluding natural background radiation.
- The dark room door must not be directly radiated.
- The cassette pass box in the X-ray room must be covered with 2 mm lead.
5.4.4. The working room (or place) of radiation workers:
- The working room (or place) of radiation workers must be separated from the X-ray room. The doses
in the room must not exceed 1 mSv/year, excluding natural background radiation.
XXI. CHEMICALS – ACCEPTABLE LIMITS IN THE WORKING AIR
1. Scope of regulation
These standards specify the maximum acceptable density of a number of chemicals in the working
air.
2. Subjects of application
These standards are applicable to facilities that employ workers (production facilities, trading and
service establishments…)
These standards are not applicable to the air in residential areas.
3. Limit values
Table 1: Limit values of chemicals in the air at working areas
Average value Maximum
in 8 hours value at a time
No. Chemical name Chemical formula (mg/m3) (mg/m3)
(TWA) (STEL)
1 Acrolein CH2CHCHO 0.25 0.50
2 Acrylic amide CH2CHCONH2 0.03 0.2
3 Acrylonitrile CH2CHCN 0.5 2,5
4 Allyl acetate C5H8O3 - 2
5 Ammonia NH3 17 25
6 Amyl acetate CH3COOC5H11 200 500
7 Phthalic anhydride C8H4O3 2 3
8 Aniline C6H5NH2 4 8
9 Antimony Sb 0.2 0.5
10 ANTU C10H7NHC(NH2)S 0.3 1.5
11 Arsenic and compounds As 0.03 -
12 Arsine AsH3 0.05 0.1
13 Asphalt 5 10
14 Acetone (CH3)2CO 200 1,000
15 Acetone cyanohydrin CH3C(OH)CNCH3 - 0.9
16 Acetonitrile CH3CN 50 100
17 Acetylene C2H2 - 1,000
18 2, 4 - D (Dichloro -
Cl2C6H3OCH2COOH 5 10
phenoxyacetic acid)
19 2, 4, 5 - T (Trichloro - C6 H2Cl3OCH2COOH 5 10
phenoxyacetic acid)
20 Acetic acid CH3COOH 25 35
21 Boric acid and compounds H2BO3 0.5 1
22 Hydrochloric acid HCl 5 7,5
23 Formic acid HCOOH 9 18
24 Methacrylic acid C4H6O2 50 80
25 Nitrous acid HNO2 45 90
26 Nitric acid HNO3 5 10
27 Oxalic acid (COOH)2.2H2O 1 2
28 Phosphoric acid H3PO4 1 3
29 Picric acid HOC6H2(NO2)3 0.1 0.2
30 Sulfuric acid H2SO4 1 2
31 Thioglycolic acid C2H4O2S 2 5
32 Trichloroacetic acid C2HCl3O2 2 5
33 Azinphos methyl C10H12O3 PS2N3 0.02 0.06
34 Aziridine H2CNHCH2 0.02 -
35 Silver Ag 0.01 0.1
36 Silver compounds như Ag 0.01 0.03
37 Barium oxide BaO2 0.6 6
38 Benomyl C14H18N4O3 5 10
39 Benzene C6H6 5 15
40 Benzidine NH2C6H4C6H4NH2 0.008 -
41 Benzonitrile C7H5N - 1
42 Benzopyrene C20H12 0,0001 0,0003
43 (o, p) Benzoquinone C6 H4O2 0.4 1,0
44 Benzotrichloride C7H5 Cl3 - 0.2
45 Benzoyl peroxide C14H10O4 - 5
46 Benzylchloride C6H5CH2 Cl - 0.5
47 Beryllium and compounds Be - 0.001
48 Polychlorinated biphenyls C12H10-xCx 0.01 0.02
49 Boron trifluoride BF3 0.8 1
50 Bromine Br2 0.5 1
51 Bromoethane C2H5Br 500 800
52 Bromomethane CH3Br 20 40
53 Bromine pentafluoride BrF5 0.5 1
54 1,3-Butadiene CH2CHCHCH2 20 40
55 Butyl acetate CH3 COO[CH2]3 CH3 500 700
56 Butanols CH3(CH2)3 OH 150 250
57 Octa decanoic acid,
C36H72O4Cd 0.04 0.1
cadmium
58 Cadmium and compounds Cd 0.01 0.05
59 Carbondioxide CO2 900 1800
60 Carbon disulfide CS2 15 25
61 Carbonmonoxide CO 20 40
62 Carbontetrachlorie CCl4 10 20
63 Carbofuran C17H15O3N 0.1 -
64 Carbonyl fluoride COF2 5 13
65 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 10 -
66 Calcium chromate CaCrO4 0.05 -
67 Calcium hydroxyde Ca(OH)2 5 -
67 Calcium oxide CaO 2 4
69 Calcium silicate CaSiO3 10 -
70 Calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4.2H2O 6 -
71 Calcium cyanamide C2CaN2 0.5 1.0
72 Caprolactam (dust) C6H11NO 1 3
73 Caprolactam (fume) C6H11NO 20 -
74 Captan C9H8 Cl3NO2S 5 -
75 Carbaryl C10H7O O CNHCH3 1 10
76 Catechol C15H14O6 20 45
77 Lead tetraethyl Pb(C2H5)4 0.005 0.01
78 Lead and compounds Pb 0.05 0.1
79 Chlorine Cl2 1.5 3
80 Chloroacetaldeh-yde ClCH2CHO 3 -
81 Chlorine dioxide ClO2 0.3 0.6
82 Chloroacetophe-none C6H5COCH2Cl 0.3 -
83 Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 100 200
84 1- Chloro - 2,4 -dinitro -
C6H3ClN2O4 0.5 1
benzene
85 Chloronitrobenzene C6H4ClNO2 1 2
86 Chloroprene CH2CClCHCH2 30 60
87 1- Chloro 2 - propanone C3H5ClO - 3
88 Chloroform CHCl3 10 20
89 Chloropicrin CCl3NO2 0.7 1.4
90 3-Chloropropene C2H5Cl 1 2
91 Chlorotrifluoroethy-lene C2ClF3 - 5
92 Cobalt and compounds Co 0.05 0.1
93 Cresol C7H8O 5 10
94 Chromium trioxide CrO3 0.05 0.1
95 Chromium (III) compounds Cr+3 0.5 -
96 Chromium (VI) compounds Cr+4 0.05 -
97 Chrom (VI) compound
Cr+6 0.01 -
(water soluble)
98 Crotonaldehyde CH3CHCHCHO 5 10
99 Cumene C6H5CH(CCH3)2 80 100
100 Mineral (mist) 5 10
101 Petroleum distillates
1600 -
(naphta)
102 Turpentine C10H16 300 600
103 Vegetable oil mist 10 -
104 Diamino 4, 4’-diphenyl
NH2C6H4C6H4NH2 - 0.8
methane
105 Dimethyl - 1, 2 - dibromo -
2,2 - dichlorethyl phosphate (CH3O)2POOCHBrCBrCl2 3 6
(Naled)
106 Rubber solvent 1570 -
107 Stoddard solvent (White
525
spirit)
108 Soapston 3MgO.4SiO2.H2O 3 -
109 Soapstone 3MgO.4SiO2.H2O 6 -
110 Decalin C10H18 100 200
111 Demeton C8H19O3PS2 0.1 0.3
112 Diazinon C12H21N2O3PS 0.1 0.2
113 Diborane B2H6 0.1 0.2
114 1,2 - Dibromo - 3 chloro -
C3H5Br2Cl 0.01 -
propane
115 Dibutyl phthalate C6H4(CO2C4H9)2 2 4
116 Dichloroacetylene ClCCCl 0.4 1.2
117 Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 20 50
118 Dichloroethane CH3CHCl2 4 8
119 1,1- Dichloroethylene C2H2Cl2 8 16
120 Dichloroethylene (1,2; Cis;
C2H2Cl2 790 1,000
Trans)
121 Dichloromethane CH2Cl2 50 100
122 1,2- Dichloropropan C3H6Cl2 50 100
123 Dichloropropene C3H4Cl2 5 -
124 Dichlorostyrene C8H6Cl2 50 -
125 Dichlorvos (CH3O)2PO2CHCCl2 1 3
126 Dicrotophos C8H16NO5P 0.25 -
127 Dimethylamine C2H7N 1 2
128 Dimethyl formamide (CH3)2NCHO 10 20
129 1,1 Dimethyl hydrazine (CH3)2 NNH2 0.2 0.5
130 Dimethyl phenol C8H10O - 2
131 Dimethyl sulfate (CH3)2SO4 0.05 0.1
132 Dimethyl sulfoxide C2H6OS 20 50
133 Dinitrobenzene C7H6N2O4 - 1
134 Dinitrotoluene (DNT) C6 H5CH3(NO2)2 1 2
135 Dioxathion C12 H26O6P2S4 0.2 -
136 Diquat Dibromide C12 H12N2.2Br 0.5 1
137 1,4-Dioxane OCH2CH2OCH2CH2 10 -
138 Copper (dust) Cu 0.5 1
139 Copper (fume) Cu 0.1 0.2
140 Copper compounds Cu 0.5 1
141 Endousulfan C9H6Cl6O3S 0.1 0.3
142 2, 3 - Epoxy 1 - propanol C3H6O2 1 5
143 EPN (o - ethyl - o -
paranitrophenyl - C18H14NO4PS 0.5 -
phosphonothioate)
144 Ethanolamine NH2C2H4OH 8 15
145 Diglycidyl ether C6H10O3 0.5 -
146 Chloroethyl ether C4H8Cl2O - 2
147 Chloromethyl ether (CH2Cl)2O 0.003 0.005
148 Ethyl ether C2H5OC2H5 1,000 1,500
149 Isopropyl glycidyl ether (CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2 200 300
150 Resorcinol monomethyl
C7H8O2 - 5
Ether
151 Ethylamine CH3CH2NH2 18 30
152 Ethylene C2H4 1,150 -
153 Ethanethiol
C2H5SH 1 3
(Ethylmercaptan)
154 Ethylene dibromide BrCH2 CH2Br 1 -
155 Ethylene glycol 10 20
156 Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 60 125
157 Ethylene glycol dinitrate C2H4(O2NO)2 0.3 0.6
158 Ethylene oxide C2H4O 1 2
159 Perchloroethylene C2Cl4 70 170
160 Ethylidene norbornene C9H12 - 20
161 Fensulfothion C11H17O4PS2 0.1 -
162 Fenthiol C10H15O3PS2 0.1 -
163 Fluorine F2 0.2 0.4
164 Fluorides 1 2
165 Formaldehyde HCHO 0.5 1
166 Formamide HCONH2 15 30
167 Furfural C4H3OCHO 10 20
168 Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 20 40
169 Coal Tar pitch volatiles - 0.1
170 Halothane C2HBrClF3 8 24
171 Mekuran (mixture of
ethylmer cuirc chloride and 0.005 -
lindane)
172 Heptachlor (iso) C10H5Cl7 0.5 1,5
173 Heptan C7H14 800 1,250
174 Hexachlorobenzene C6Cl6 0.5 0.9
175 Hexachloro 1,3-butadiene C4Cl6 - 0.005
176 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - hexachloro-
C6H6Cl6 0.5 -
cyclohexane
177 Hexachlorocyclopen-
C5Cl6 0.01 0.1
tadiene
178 Hexafluoroacetone (CF3)2CO 0.5 0.7
179 Hexafluoropropene C6F6 - 5
180 n - Hexane C6H6 90 180
181 Hyrazine H4N2 0.05 0.1
182 Hydrocarbons (1 - 10 C) - 300
183 Hydrogen fluoride HF 0.1 0.5
184 Hydrogen phosphide H3P 0.1 0.2
185 Hydrogen selenide H2Se 0.03 0.1
186 Hydrogene sulfide H2S 10 15
187 Hydrogen cyanide HCN 0.3 0.6
188 Hydroxydes (alkaline)
0.5 1
(Alkali hydroxide)
189 Hydroquinone ( 1,4 -
C6H6O2 0.5 1.5
Dihydroxybenzene)
190 Iodomethane CH3I 1 2
191 Iodoform CHI3 3 10
192 Iodine I2 1 2
193 Isopropyl glycidyl ether (CH3)2C2H2O(CH3)2 240 360
194 Isopropyl nitrate C3H7NO2 20 40
195 Potassium cyanide KCN 5 10
196 Welding fumes 5 -
197 Petroleum gas (liquefied) 1800 2250
198 Zinc chloride ZnCl2 1 2
199 Zinc Chromate CrO4Zn 0.01 0.03
200 Zinc fluoride F2Zn 0.2 1
201 Zinc oxide (dust, fume) ZnO 5 10
202 Zinc phosphide P2Zn3 - 0.1
203 Zinc stearate (inhalable
Zn(C18H35O2)2 10 20
dust)
204 Zinc stearate (respirable
Zn(C18H35O2)2 5 -
dust)
205 Zinc sulfide ZnS - 5
206 Camphor C10H16O 2 6
207 Magnesium oxide MgO 5 10
208 Malathion C10H19O6PS2 5 -
209 Manganese and
Mn 0.3 0.6
compounds
210 Methallyl chloride C4H7Cl - 0.3
211 Methane thiol CH4S 1 2
212 Methoxychlor Cl3CCH(C6H4OCH3)2 10 20
213 Methyl acrylate CH2CHCOOCH3 20 40
214 Metyl acrylonitrile CH2C(CH3)CN 3 9
215 2 - Methyl aziridine C8H16N2O7 5 -
216 Methylamine CH5N 5 24
217 Methyl acetate CH3COOCH3 100 250
218 Methyl ethyl keton C4H8O 150 300
219 2 - Methyl furan C5H6O - 1
220 Methyl hydrazine CH3NHNH2 0.08 0.35
221 Methyl mercaptan CH3SH 1 2
222 Methyl methacrylate CH2C(CH3)COOCH3 50 150
223 Methyl silicate C4H12O4Si - 6
224 Mevinphos C7H13O6Pi 0.1 0.3
225 Monocrotophos C7H14NO5P 0.25 -
226 Ferric salt (as Fe) 1 2
227 Carbon black C 3.5 7
228 Naled (CH3O)2P(O) OCHBrCBrCl2 3 6
229 Naphthalene C10H8 40 75
230 Chlorinated naphthalenes 0.2 0.6
231 Sodium bisulfite NaHSO3 5 -
232 Sodium borate Na2B4O7 1 -
233 Sodium cyanide NaCN 5 10
234 Sodium fluoroacetate FCH2COONa 0.05 0.1
235 Sodium metabisulfite
Na2S2O5 5 -
(Disodium pyrosulfite)
236 Sodium azide NaN3 0.2 0.3
237 Neoprene C4H5Cl 10 30
238 Aluminum and compounds Al 2 4
239 Nicotine C10H14N2 0.5 1
240 Nickel and compounds
Ni 0.05 0.25
(soluble)
241 Nickel monoxide NiO, Ni2O3 0.1 -
242 Nickel carbonyl C4NiO4 0.01 0.02
243 Nitrogen dioxide NO2 và N2O4 5 10
244 Nitrogen monoxide NO 10 20
245 Nitrogene trifluoride NF3 30 45
246 Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 3 6
247 1- Nitrobutane CH3(CH2)3NO2 - 30
248 Nitro ethane C2H5NO 30 -
249 Nitromethane CH3NO2 30 -
250 1-Nitropropane CH3(CH2)2NO2 30 60
251 Nitrotoluene CH3C6H4NO2 11 22
252 Glycerol trinitrate CH2NO3CHNO3CH2NO3
0.5 1
(Nitroglycerine) [C3H5(NO3)3]
253 2-Nitropropane CH3(CH2)2NO2 18 -
254 Octane C10H22 900 1,400
255 Osmium tetroxide OsO4 0.002 0.003
256 Ozone O3 0.1 0.2
257 Paraquat (CH3(C5H4N)2CH3).2Cl 0.1 0.3
258 Parathion (C2H5O)2PSOC6H4NO2 0.05 0.1
259 Pentaborane B5H9 0.01 0.02
260 Pentachlorophenol C6Cl5OH 0.2 0.4
261 Perchloryl fluoride ClO3F 14 25
262 Phenol C6H5OH 4 8
263 Phenyl hydrazine C6H5 NHNH2 1 2
264 Phenyl isocxyanate C7H5NO 0.02 0.05
265 Phenylene diamine C6H8N2 0.1 0.2
266 Phenyl phosphine C6H7P - 0.25
267 Phorate (C2H5O)2P(S)SCH2S-C2H5 0.05 0.2
268 Phosgene COCl2 0.2 0.4
269 Phosphine PH3 0.1 0.2
270 Phosphorus(White, yellow) P4 0.03 0.1
271 Phosphoruos oxy chloride POCl3 0.6 1.2
272 Phosphorus trichloride PCl3 1 2
273 Phosphorous pentachloride PCl5 1 2
274 Picloram (iso) 10 20
275 Propoxur CH3NHCOOC6H4OCH(CH3)2 0.5 1.5
276 n-Propylacetat CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 200 600
277 -Propiolactone C3H4O2 1 2
278 Propylenimine C3H7N - 5
279 Pyrenthrin C21H28O3 5 10
280 Pyridine C5H5N 5 10
281 Quinone C6H4O2 0.4 12
282 Resorcinol (1,3 -
C6H6O2 45 90
Dihydroxybenze)
283 Allyl alcohol CH2CHCH2OH 3 6
284 Ethanol CH3(CH2)OH 1,000 3,000
285 Furful alcohol C5H6O2 20 40
286 Methanol CH3OH 50 100
287 n - Amyl alcohol CH3(CH2)4OH 100 200
288 Propanol CH3(CH2)2OH 350 600
289 Propargyl alcohol HCCCH2OH 2 6
290 Rotenone (Derris) C23H22O6 5 10
291 Paraffin wax 1 6
292 Ferric oxide (dust, fume) Fe2O3 5 10
293 Iron carbonyl C5FeO5 0.08 0.1
294 Selenium and compounds Se 0.1 1
295 Selenium dioxide O2Se - 0.1
296 Stibine SbH3 0.2 0.4
297 Strychnine C21H22N2O2 0.15 0.3
298 Selenium hexafluoride SeF6 0.2 -
299 Silane H2Si 0.7 1.5
300 Stearates 10 -
301 Styrene C6H5CH CH2 85 420
302 Sulfur chloride S2Cl2 5 10
303 Sulfur dioxide SO2 5 10
304 Sunfuryl fluoride F2SO2 20 40
305 Sulfur tetrafluoride SF4 0.4 1
306 Tellurium Te 0.01 -
307 Tellurium hexafluoride F6Te 0.1 -
308 Tetrachloroethylene C2CL4 60 -
309 1,1,7,7 Tetrachloroheptane C7H12Cl4 - 1
310 Tetraethyl pyrophosphate C8H20O7P2 0.05 0.2
311 Tetralin C10 H12 100 300
312 Tetramethyl succinonitrile (CH3)2C2(CN)2(CH3)2 3 6
313 Tetranitromethane CH3(NO2)4 8 24
314 Tin (organic) Sn 0.1 0.2
315 Tin (inorganic) Sn 1 2
316 Tin oxide SnO2 2 -
317 Thionyl Chloride Cl2OS 5 -
318 Benzenethiol C6H6S 2 -
319 Mercury compounds
Hg 0.01 0.03
(organic)
320 Titanium Ti 10 -
321 Thiram (CH3)2 (SCSN)2 (CH3)2 5 10
322 Tobacco (dust) 2 5
323 Mercury and compounds
Hg 0.02 0.04
(inorganic)
324 Titanium dioxide (respirable
TiO2 5 -
dust)
325 Titanium dioxide (inhalable
TiO2 6 10
dust)
326 Toluene C6H5CH3 100 300
327 Toluene diisocyanate C9H6N2O2 0.04 0.07
328 (m-, o-, p-) Toluidine CH3C6H4NH2 0.5 1
329 Tribromometan CHBr3 5 15
330 Tributyl phosphate C12H27O4P 2.5 5
331 Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3 10 20
332 Trichloroethylene C2HCl3 20 40
333 Trinitrobenzene C6H3(NO2)3 - 1.0
334 Trichloro nitrobenzene C6H2Cl3NO2 - 1.0
335 2, 4, 6 - Trinitrotoluene CH3C6H2(NO2)3 0.1 0.2
336 Tritolyl phosphate C21H21O4P 0.1 0.2
337 Uranium and compounds U 0.2 -
338 Vanadium penta oxide V2O5 0.05 0.1
339 Vanadium V 0.5 1.5
340 Vinyl acetate CH2CHOOCCH3 10 30
341 Vinyl bromide CH2CBr 20 40
342 Vinyl chloride C2H3Cl 1 5
343 Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide

C8H12O2 60 120
(930)
344 Warfarine C19H16O4 0.1 0.2
345 Wofatox C8H10NO5PS 0.1 0.2
346 Petrol (Petrol distillates,
300 -
gazonline)
347 Cellulose (inhalable dust) 10 20
348 Cellulose (respirable dust) 5 -
349 Cesium hydroxide CsOH 2 -
350 Cyanogene NCCN 4 20
351 Xyanogene chloride ClCN 0.3 0.6
352 Cyanides CN(K, Na) 0.3 0.6
353 Cyclohexane C6H12 500 1,000
354 Cychlohexanol C6H11OH 100 200
355 Xylene C6H4(CH3)2 100 300
356 Xylidine (CH3)2C6H3NH2 5 10
Part 2:
FIVE (05) PRINCIPLES AND SEVEN (07) MEASUREMENTS OF LABOR
HYGIENE
I. PRINCIPLE 1 – ERGONOMIC DESIGN OF LABOR SYSTEMS
The ergonomic principles for designing labor systems in order to create optimum work conditions,
ensure the safety, comfort and human health, technical and economic efficiency.
2. Subjects of application: the labor systems in facilities that employ workers (production facilities,
business establishments, offices…)
3. Definition:
The terms in these principles are construed as follows:
3.1. Working facilities: are every production facilities, business establishments, offices…
3.2. Labor system: including humans and labor equipment, working together during the work
process, performing the labor duties at working areas, in labor environment under the compulsory
conditions of the labor duties.
3.3. Labor duty: is an expected result of the labor system.
3.4. Labor equipment: tools, machinery, vehicles and other machinery, devices or components used
in the labor system.
3.5. The labor process: the continuation in time and space of the mutual impacts of humans, labor
equipment, materials, energy and information within the labor system.
3.6. Labor space: the acceptable capacity for one or many people in the labor system to fulfill the
labor duty.
3.7. The labor environment: the cultural, social, biological, chemical and physical factors around a
person within his/her working space.
3.8. Labor stress (or external burden): every labor condition and external requirement for the labor
system that negatively affect the human psychology and/or physiology.
3.9. Labor anxiety (or internal reaction): are impacts of labor stress on a person depending on
his/her personal characteristics and abilities.
3.10. Labor fatigue:
Are systemic or partial non-pathological manifestation of fatigue due to the labor anxiety that may
totally be recovered after some rest.
4. General principles
4.1. Working space design and labor equipment
a. Designs related to the body sizes:
The designs of the working space and equipment must depend on the human body sizes and the
labor process. The working space must be adapted to the workers.
b. Posture:
- The worker may alternate between standing and sitting postures. If the worker must choose one, the
sitting posture is usually preferred. The standing posture may be required depending on the work
process.
- The postures must not cause labor fatigue due to extensive static muscular tension. The postures
are interchangeable.
c. Muscle endurance:
- The requirement of muscle strength must be compatible to the worker’s physical condition.
- The muscle groups must be strong enough to satisfy the physical requirements. If the physical
requirements are overwhelming, the supportive energy sources must be supplemented during the
labor process.
- The extensive static tension of a muscle group must be avoided
d. The body movements:
- The movements must be balanced. The movement is more preferred than extensive static positions.
- The movement that require high precision must not demand considerable muscle strain.
- The movement must be made and combined easily using compatible control equipment.
e. The signs, monitors and control panel.
- The signals and monitors must be selected, designed and set up appropriately for the human
sensory features, in particular:
+ The features and quantity of the signals and monitors must be appropriate for the information
characteristics.
+ For clear information reception in places with many monitors, the monitors must be placed in order
to achieve clear, firm and quick orientation. They might be arranged by function or technical process
or importance and use frequency of special information.
+ The features and designs of signals and monitors must ensure clear recognition. These are
applicable to danger signals.
+ The extensive activities in which the observation and supervision prevail, the overloading or
underloading impacts must be avoided by designing and arranging the signals and monitors.
f. Control panels:
- Kinds, designs and arrangement of the control panels corresponding to the control are carried out
depending on the human characteristics including natural and conditioned reflexes.
- The movement or static position of the control panel must be chosen depending on the control, the
anthropometry and biomechanics.
- The functions of control panels must be recognizable.
- If there are multiple control panels at the same place, they must be clearly set up in order to ensure
safe and quick operation. This may be carried out similarly to that of the signals by grouping by
functions of the process in which they are used etc.
- The emergency control panel must be safely covered in order to avoid accidental activation.
4.2. Labor environment designs
Depending on the labor system, the following measurement must be noticed:
- The workshop sizes (general layout, working space and traveling space) must be reasonable.
- The clean air must be regulated depending on the following factors:
+ The quantity of people in a room,
+ The demand for manual labor,
+ The workshop size (including the labor equipment)
+ The emission of pollutants in a room,
+ The thermal conditions
- The light must be sufficient
The lighting must ensure optimum visions for the required activities. The following measurements
must be noticed:
+ The luminance.
+ The colors.
+ The light distribution.
+ The unwanted reflection and glare.
+ The contrast between the color and the reflection.
+ The worker age.
- The room and labor equipment colors must be selected depending on their impacts on the reflection
distribution, the structure and quality of the field of view, the safety color perception.
- The negative or irritable impacts of noise, including the noise from external sources in auditory work
areas must be prevented.
- The vibration and impacts on humans must not exceed the limit in order to avoid physical harm,
physiological reaction, sickness or sensorimotor disorder.
- The exposure of the workers to dangerous material and hazardous radiation must be avoided.
- For outdoor works, the workers must be appropriately protected from negative impacts of the
climate, e.g. cold, heat, wind, rain resistance etc.
4.3. Labor process designs
- The labor process must be designed in order to protect human health and safety, create comfort and
ease the jobs, especially by avoid overload and underload. The overload and underload due to
crossing the upper and lower limit of the mental and physical function scale. For example:
+ The physical burden and sensory burden that cause fatigue.
+ The underload burden or labor monotony may reduce vigilance.
- Apart from the above factor, the mental and physical stress also depend on the contents and the
recurrence of the tasks and the control of humans throughout the work process.
- Taking measures for improving the work process quality. For example:
+ Only one worker performs a number of consecutive tasks of the same work instead of a few workers
(work extension).
+ Only one worker performs a number of consecutive tasks of the different works instead of a few
workers (work variety).
+ Changing works. For example: alternating the voluntary works among the workers on the same
assembly line or in one autonomous team.
+ Organized or unorganized breaks.
- During the implementation of the above measures, it is required to pay attention to:
+ The change in the insomnia and the work ability in day and night.
+ The difference in work ability among the workers and the variance in ages.
+ The personal abilities.
II. PRINCIPLE 2 – ERGONOMIC DESIGN OF WORKING LOCATIONS
The ergonomic principles for designing working positions in every business line in order to create
optimum work conditions, ensure the safety, comfort and human health, technical and economic
efficiency.
2. Subjects of application: every working position
3. Definition:
The terms in these principles are construed as follows:
- Working position: is a space where the technical equipment is equipped for one person or a group of
people to work on a job or a phase.
- The reaching zone of the motion range is part of the working position, limited by the arc created by a
stretched arm’s movement around the shoulder joint.
- The easy reaching zone of the motion range is part of the working position, limited by the arc
created by a stretch arm’s movement around the shoulder joint (where the control equipment is
regularly used).
- The optimum reaching zone of motion range is part of the working position, limited by the arc
created by a stretch arm’s movement around the elbow joint (where the control equipment is always
used).
4. General principles of ergonomics
- The working position must be adapted to each kind of work, to the ability, to the mental and physical
characteristics of the worker.
- The working position must be designed on the basis of the analysis of the human work process with
particular equipment, basing on the anthropometrical measurements, the mental and physical
characteristics of the worker and the assessment of hygienic conditions of the work.
- The working area arrangement includes: calculating the sizes basing on the anthropometrical
measurements, selecting the appropriate working zone, surface, comfortable working posture and
reasonably designing, arranging the equipment.
- The machinery and equipment must be suitable for the mental and physical characteristics of the
worker (especially the anthropometrical and biomechanical characteristics).
- Arranging labor in the production premises in an optimum way including safe and adequate
passages.
- The light (artificial or natural) must be sufficient for both ordinary works and machinery maintenance.
- The noise and vibration from the working positions or other sources must not exceed the acceptable
standards.
- The necessary measures for protecting workers from the impact of dangerous and toxic factors
(physical, chemical, biological, psychological and physiological factors) during the production must be
taken.
- The measures for preventing and reducing workers’ fatigue, psychological stress and other negative
impacts must be taken.
5. Principles for working position arrangement:
- The working location arrangement must ensure that the task is performed within the accessible zone
of the motion range.
- There are 3 kinds of accessible zones of the motion range.
* Reaching zone
* Easy reaching zone
* Optimum reaching zone
- The space for legs and feet while sitting must be sufficient.
- The requirements for the vision from the working location must be satisfied.
- The information display zones must be optimized (display devices, signboards, signals…) for the
worker to receive information efficiently.
- The height of working surfaces, the distance from eyes to the observed objects, the view angle,
footrest space must be sufficient.
- The size and height of the chair must be convenient for changing the working posture. The chair
must not be to deep. The distance from the chair surface to the table surface must not be lower than
270 - 300mm.
III. PRINCIPLE 3 – ERGONOMIC DESIGN OF MACHINERY AND TOOLS
1. Scope of application
The ergonomic principles for designing machinery and tools in every business line is to design
optimum machinery and tools in order to ensure the safety, comfort and human health, technical and
economic efficiency.
2. Subjects of application: every working machinery and tools.
3. The principles
- Depending on the variance in body size when systemically or partially move the body.
- Depending on the motion range of the joints. The comfortable angles of the body.
- Depending on the required forces on the control devices.
- The principle of movement limitation in order to ensure comfortable postures and optimum working
zones.
- The requirements for hygiene and appearance (shape, paint color…) must be satisfied.
- The principle of using anthropometry figures: after using the tools, the subject shall select the
anthropometry figures as the basis for calculating the sizes of machinery and tools, the percentage of
people that concur with the tool and machinery design.
IV. MEASUREMENT 4 – HEIGHT OF WORK SURFACES
1. Scope of regulation: principles of work surface height design.
2. Subjects of application: every working position
3. The principles
Work characteristics Height of working zone
1 Works that demand precise observation 10 - 20 cm above the elbow
2 Works that need handwork 5 - 7cm above the elbow
3 Works that need free hand movement Slightly under the elbow
4 Works with heavy material (for standing position only) 10 - 30cm under the elbow
5 Works with various demands Determined by the work that demands
the most
V. PRINCIPLE 5 – WORKING POSITIONS WITH COMPUTERS
1. Scope of application: the basic principles of designing working positions with computers.
2. Subjects of application: every working positions with desktop computer.
3. The principles
3.1. Working positions
- The working position must be designed suitably for the worker. Ideally the position should be
adjusted to suit each worker. In case the position cannot be adjusted, the design must be based on
the anthropometry (5% and 95%).
- The adjustable working surface height should range from 65 - 75cm. If the height is not adjustable:
70 cm
- The height of the monitor and keyboard must be independently adjustable.
- The minimum distance between two workers is 1m (from the center of the working position).
3.2. Working surface:
- The working surface must not be glaring and reflective, and must be spacious enough to place
necessary stuff such as the keyboard, mouse and document for the worker’s comfort.
- The document holder (if any) must be firm and placed at positions that do not cause the user to
make inconvenient head and eye movements.
- If the use of computers is primary, it must be placed in front of the operator. If the use of computers
is secondary, it must be placed on the left, if the operator is right-handed and vice versa.
3.3. Chair and backrest:
- The chair height must be adjustable from 35-50 cm and rotatable.
- The chair must be firm. The chair must not be covered by synthetic waterproof material.
- The seat depth is 38- 43 cm, at least 45 cm in width, edgeless. The tilt being 0 - 10 0 that can handle
the body weight on the buttock (not on the thigh).
- The performance on the keyboard must not be hindered when the arm is rested.
- For mobile chairs, the 5 castors must be fixed on the chair.
- The backrest must be adjustable that can handle the back (hip).
3.4. Footrest:
- There must be space for the operator’s feet to be comfortable.
- The overly tall chairs must have footrests. The tilt angle of the footrest is approximately 30 0 with non-
slip surface.
3.5. The operator’s posture:
- The operator must sit comfortably with the back rested and feet on the floor or the footrest. The
elbow angle is approximately 900, the angle between the body and the thigh is from 90-1200.
- The operator should avoid rigid sitting posture for a long time but may change the position, stand,
stretch or walk around if feel tired.
3.6. View angle and visions:
- The best view angle is between 10-300 below the horizontal line of sight of the operator. The upper
side of the monitor must not be higher than the eye-level. The angle between the ray from the lower
side of the monitor and the horizontal line of sight must not exceed 40 0.
- The appropriate vision is not shorter than 50 cm.
3.7. Glare prevention and lighting
- The general light intensity: 300 - 700 lux For places with special visual requirements, the intensity
may reach 700 - 1,000 lux. Partial lighting might be used for document reading with lampshade for
glare prevention.
- Diminishing the reflection and glare by properly placing the light sources, not using reflective
surfaces and items...
- Paying attention to the light sources when arranging computers so that the monitor would not reflect
the light. Arranging computer so that the window does not face the monitor or its back. The computers
should be placed at intersections of the light sources overhead rather than right below them.
- The monitor must be covered with anti-glare coat. If the anti-glare coat is not available, the monitor
must be equipped with anti-reflection equipment in order to prevent glare from reflection. Such
equipment must not reduce the definition of graphics and text. Only use the anti-glare filter when other
solutions are not available.
- The wall color must be elegant with low reflection level (non-glossy). The colors of surrounding
equipment must also be non-glossy or dark in order to avoid reflection of light sources. Avoid using
reflective, shimmering or glossy surfaces at workplaces.
3.8. Environment
- The working room temperature is from 23 - 250C, the maximum relative humidity is 75%.
- The minimum ventilation volume is 13 m3/hour/person. The wind speed must not exceed 0.5
m/second.
- The noise must not exceed 55 dBA.
3.9. Breaks
- After every hour of continuous work with computer, a short break to rest or doing light works not
related to the monitor is recommended It is best to leave the computer during this time.
- It is better to exercise the muscles or eyes during this time.
- This time is not included in the break time.
VI. V. MEASUREMENT 1 – WORKING POSITIONS WITH COMPUTERS
1. Scope of application
The basic measurements of designing working positions with computers basing on the basic
principles stated above.
2. Subjects of application: the working positions with desktop computer.
3. Measurements
No. Norm Size
Table, chair, posture
Table height: - Adjustable (cm) 65 - 70
- Non-adjustable (cm) 70
- Chair height (adjustable) (cm) 35 - 50
Seat depth (cm) 38 - 43
Minimum seat width (cm) 45
1 Seat slope toward the backrest (degree) 0 - 10
Footrest space (cm) 19
Footrest slop (degree) 30
Elbow angle (degree) 85 - 95
Body – thigh angle (degree) 90 - 120
View angle (below the horizontal line of sight) (degree) 10 - 30
Vision (cm) >50
Environment
- General lighting (lux): - normal 300 -700
- Special visual requirements 700- 1,000
0
- Temperature ( C) 23 - 25
2
- Maximum humidity (%) 75
3
- Minimum ventilation 13 m /hour/person
- Wind speed(m/second) Not exceeding 0.5
- Noise (dBA) Not exceeding 55
3 Continuous working time 1-2 hours
VII. MEASUREMENTS 2- – HEIGHT OF WORKING SURFACES
basic measurements of working surface height.
2. Subjects of application: working positions.
3. Measurements:
Height of working surface (cm)
Posture Kind of work
Male Female Male and female
Light 88 - 102 85 - 97 86 - 99
Standing Medium 80 - 94 77 - 89 78 - 91
Heavy 74 - 88 71 - 83 72 - 85
High precision 73 - 86 70 - 83 70 - 83
Precision 65 - 78 62 - 75 64 - 77
Sitting
Light works without
60 - 73 57 - 70 59 - 72
high precision
VIII. MEASUREMENTS 3 – VIEW DISTANCE FROM EYES TO THINGS
The measurements of view distance from eyes to the working objects.
2. Subjects of application: working positions
3. Measurements
View distance
No. Work characteristic (from eyes to
things)
1 Works demanding extreme precisions (small part assembly…) 12 - 25cm
2 Works demanding high precision (drawing, sewing, seaming…) 25 - 35cm
3 Works demanding precision and medium precision (reading, lathe…) 35 - 50cm
4 Works demanding little precision Over 50cm
IX. MEASUREMENTS 2 – VIEW ANGLE
The measurements of view angle in working position design in order to create comfort and
productivity.
3. The measurement of view angle with the horizontal line of sight 0 0
No. Working posture View angle
1 Leaning backward 150
(e.g. working in control rooms)
2 Leaning forward 450
(e.g. – working at tables)
* One side of a view angle is the horizontal line of sight.
* The object of work under regular observation must be put at the front center field of view
X. SPECIFICATONS 5 – FOOTREST SPACE
The measurements of footrest space in working position design in order to create comfort and
productivity.
3. Measurements:
No. Working posture Footrest space
1 Sitting positions:
Width 60 cm
Depth at knee-level  45
Depth at floor-level 65
2 Standing positions:
Depth for feet  15 cm
Height for feet  15 cm
3 The free space behind the standing worker 90 cm
XI. MEASUREMENTS 6 – LIFTING HEIGHT
The measurements of height from the floor to the person lifting in order to create comfort and avoid
vocational risks.
2. Subjects of application: the workers that lift heavy things.
3. Definition`
- Normal lifting height: within the range from the elbow joint to the shoulder joint.
- Low lifting height: under the elbow joint.
4. Measurements
Normal lifting height Low lifting height
Distance to the handle (cm) Distance to the handle (cm)
Level
< 30 30-50 50-70 >70 < 30 30-50 50-70 >70
Lifting weight (kg) Lifting weight (kg)
1 Heavy things easily lifted by machines
2 < 18 < 10 <8 <5 < 13 <8 <5 <4
3 18-34 10-19 8-13 6-11 13-23 8-13 5-9 4-7
4 35-55 20-30 14-21 12-28 24-25 14-21 10-15 8-13
5 >55 >30 21 >18 >35 >21 >15 >8
XII. MEASUREMENTS 7: PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF THERMAL STRAIN – LIMIT
VALUES
1. Scope of regulation: The limit values of physiological measurements of thermal strain including
the risks to health of healthy workers, the adaptability to different technologies to detect such risks.
2. Subjects of application: workers at every facility working in hot or cold environment.
3. Reference standard: ISO 9886
4. Physiological specifications of thermal strain
4.1. Body core temperature
The body core temperature must not differ from the values in section 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
4.1.1. Hot environment
The limit values depend on the core temperature increase and the used measurements.
The core temperature must not increase more than 10C (or not exceed 380C) in the following cases;
- The core temperature is taken many times, regardless of the techniques.
- When other physiological measurements are not taken.
In other conditions, especially when the esophagus temperature is continuously monitored
concurrently with the heart rate, the limit may be raised such as increasing 1.4 0C or reaching 38.50C.
The increase of temperature over 38.50C might be tolerable when the following conditions are
satisfied:
a. The subject has been given medical examination.
b. The subject has adapted to the heat by repeatedly exposing to such environment when performing
special duties.
c. Under constant medical supervision and means of first-aid are ready.
d. The esophagus temperature is continuously monitored.
e. Other physiological measurements are concurrently monitored – especially the heart rate
f. The exposure might be immediately suspended when the intolerable symptoms appear such as
fatigue, vertigo, nausea
g. The workers are entitled to leave the workplace when they want.
The core temperature must not exceed 390C.
4.1.2. Cold environment:
In cold environments, only the measurements of esophagus temperature (t es), rectum temperaturer
(tre) and abdomen temperature are suitable. The lower limit for these temperatures is 36 0C. Conditions
of application:
a. When these temperatures are monitored from time to time.
b. When the exposure is repeated in a day.
c. In some rare conditions, the lower temperature might be tolerable briefly.
d. The subject has been given medical examination
e. The skin temperature is concurrently monitored and the acceptable limit is noticed.
f. The workers are entitled to leave the workplace when they want.
4.2. The skin temperature limit values:
For the previously mentioned reasons, the below limits are only related to the pain threshold.
In hot environments, the maximum partial skin temperature is 40 0C. In cold environments: 200C for
forehead skin, 100C for limb tip temperature (especially finger tips and toe tips).
4.3. Heart rate (HR):
The heart rate increase (HRT) by thermal strain is 33 beats for each degree increased of the core
temperature. However, the heart reaction to heat varies from person to person. Therefore, in case the
HR is the only physiological measurement monitored, the upper limit of HR T around 30 beats/minute
would be reasonable. In circumstances that the thermal strain might be high, it must be measured
simultaneously with the core temperature. Moreover, there must be means to monitor the actual heart
rate throughout the exposure.
The limited heart rate at workplaces must not exceed the maximum limit minus 20 beats/minute.
Ideally, these values should be calculated by personal test. If such test cannot be carried out, the
values could be approximated using the following formula:
HRL  0.85 A (A is the age in year).
According to the maximum limit of the core temperature being 39 0C, the maximum limit of the heart
rate increase from the initial temperature may reach 60 beat/minute. This may be applicable to the
similar situations, especially under medical supervision and constant monitoring.
4.4. Weight loss:
The limit value of weight loss is 800g for adapted workers and 1300g for unadapted ones,
proportionally to the water loss being 3250g or 5200g in case the water intake is 75% of the water
loss.
These values refer to subjects with 1.8 m2 of skin and may be applicable to a particular subject by
proportionally multiplied the skin area ADu with the reference skin area being 1.8 m2
Limit values Unadapted person Adapted person
Caution Danger Caution Danger
Sweat level
Idle: M<65W/m2
SWmax W/m2 100 150 200 300
g/hour 250 390 520 780
Working: M>65W/m2
SWmax W/m2 200 250 300 400
g/hour 520 650 780 1040
Maximum water loss
DmaxW.h/m2 1 000 1 250 1 500 2 000
g 2 600 3 250 3 900 5 200
Notes: W  watt-hour  hour g  gram
Notes: * M  energy metabolism level
* SW sweat weight
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1: Twenty one (21) standards of labor hygiene
I. Standards of hygienic amenities
II. Standards of hygienic distance
III. Manual labor – Standards of task classification by energy consumption classification
IV. Manual labor – Standards of task classification by heart rate
V. Carrying standard – Limited weight
VI. Lighting standards
VII. Microclimate standards
VIII. Standards of silicon dust
IX. Standards of non-silicon dust
X. Standards of cotton dust
XI. Standards of asbestos dust
XII. Standards of noise
XIII. Standards of vibration
XIV. Standards of static magnetic field - Magnetic flux density
XV. Standards of low-frequency magnetic field - magnetic flux density
XVI. Standards of intensity of low-frequency electromagnetic field and static electric field
XVII. Standards of intensity of electromagnetic field from 30kHz - 300GHz
XVIII. Ultraviolet radiation – Acceptable limit
XIX. Standards of radioactivity
XX. X-ray radiation – Acceptable limit
XXI. Chemicals – Acceptable limit in the working air
Part 2: Five (05) principles and seven (07) measurements of labor hygiene
I. Principle 1 – Ergonomic design of labor systems
II. Principle 2 – Ergonomic design of labor positions
III. Principle 3 – Ergonomic design of machinery and tools
IV. Principle 4 – Working area layout
V. Principle 5 – Working position with computers
VI. Measurement 1 – Working position with computers
VII. Measurement 2 – Height of work surfaces
VIII. Measurement 3 – Distance from eyes to things
IX. Measurement 4 - View angle
X. Measurement 5 – Footrest
XI. Measurement 6 – Lifting height
XII. Measurement 7 – Physiological measurement of thermal strain - Limit values

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THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

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