SPM1012 : Telecommunication and Networking
Topic 1 :
Introduction to Telecommunication
Abdul Razak Bin Idris
Megat Aman Zahiri Megat Zakaria
Department of Educational Multimedia
Faculty of Education
UTM
Introduction to Telecommunication
At the end of this session you would be able
to:
Describe the definition of communication and
communication process
Detail the communication technology
development
Discuss six elements of computer and
communication systems
Introduction to Telecommunication
What is Communication?
• Communication is
theimparting, conveying or exchange of
thoughts, messages, ideas, knowledge or
information by sign and sounds like speech,
signals, writing or behaviour
Communication Models
Communication Models
What is telecommunications
DATA?
Communication over a long distance
(tele = far off)
Telecommunications refers to the transfer of data
(communications) from a transmitter to a receiver
across a distance
Data/code represented by some form of
electromagnetic energy – electricity, radio waves,
lights – transmitted through medium‐ wire, cable,
atmosphere.
Development of Communications Technology &
Computer Technology
Visual History of Telecommunication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBuAujwygLw
Development of Communications Technology
& Computer Technology
The Future of Mobile Media and Communication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FScddkTMlTc&feature=related
THE FUTURE OF MOBILE MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION : TEASER
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=GDIUSOCDCXO&FEATURE=CHANNEL
The Six Elements
• The elements of computer and
communications technology
– People
– Procedure
– Data/Information
– Hardware
– Software
– Communications/Connectivity
The Six Elements
1. People
– peopleware‐ user of the computer
– most important elements in communication
– built, analyse, and develop the system.
– operate the computer
The Six Elements
1. People
– Two categories of people involved in
computer and telecommunications
• Professional
– Those who have gone true specialised training in
theory and technical aspects
– e.g. : programmer, computer engineer, etc
• End user
– Those who only knows how to use without special
training in the field.
– e.g. : clerks, teachers, etc,
The Six Elements
2. Procedure
– An ordered set of tasks for performing some action
– A clear specification for the sequence, timing,
execution, etc. of a process.
– A procedure is a specification of the series of actions,
acts or operations which have to be executed in the
same manner in order to obtain always the same result
in the same circumstances (for example, emergency
procedures).
The Six Elements
3. Data
– Information stored on the computer system, used by
applications to accomplish tasks
– A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a
formalized manner suitable for communication,
interpretation, or processing by humans or by
automated means.
The Six Elements
3. Data
– Data is fundamentally any information of interest, but these days,
the word data implies a binary, machine‐readable
representation of information.
– A representation of facts or concepts in an organized manner in order
that it may be stored, communicated, interpreted, or
processed by automated means
The Six Elements
3. Data
Unit for data
• Bit
• Byte (8 bits)
• Kilobyte (KB) – 2^10 bytes/1000 bytes
• Megabyte (MB) – 1 milion bytes
• Gigabyte (GB) – 1 bilion bytes
• Terabyte (TB) – 1 trillion bytes
• ….
• …..
The Six Elements
Quantities of bytes
Name Popular Standard
(Symbol) Usage SI
kilobyte (kB)
210 103
megabyte (MB)
220 106
Gigabyteb (GB)
230 109
Terabyte (TB)
240 1012
petabyte
250 1026
The Six Elements
4. Hardware (equipments/devices)
– hardware‐refers to any physical objects that are part of the
computer system
– The basic operations of a computer systems are : IPOS
– Computers needs hardware to operates
– 5 categories of ICT equipments/devices:
• Input
• Process
• Output
• Storage
• Communication
– They are…………
The Six Elements
5. Software/Program
– Instructions that controls the functioning of the computer
– The instructions executed by a computer, as opposed to the
physical device on which they run
– parts of the computer that have no material form; programs,
data, protocols, etc are all software. When software is stored in
hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS), it is
sometimes termed firmware to indicate that it falls into an area
of uncertainty between hardware and software
– a collection of instructions that describe a task, or set of tasks,
to be carried out by a computer.
The Six Elements
5. Software/Program
– software‐refers to instructions that controls the functioning of
the computer
– instructions executed by a computer, as opposed to the
physical device on which they run
– software refers to parts of the computer that have no material
form; programs, data, protocols, etc are all software. When
software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified
(such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes
termed firmware to indicate that it falls into an area of
uncertainty between hardware and software
– computer program is a collection of instructions that describe
a task, or set of tasks, to be carried out by a computer.
The Six Elements
5. Software/Program
• Two types of program/software
• system software – programmes that controls the computer
• application software‐ programmes that enable users to perform
specific tasks
Examples :
a. system software ………….
b. application software ………
The Six Elements
6. Communication
– communication
– transmission of data (electronic data)
– conversion of data analog–to‐digital
digital‐to‐analog
Thank You
