G.R. No.
L-27694 October 24, 1928
ZAMBOANGA TRANSPORTATION COMPANY, INC., plaintiff-appellee,
vs. THE BACHRACH MOTOR CO., INC., defendant-appellant.
FACTS:
Zamboanga Transportation Co., Inc. (Zamboanga), is managed by a board of
directors composed of five stockholders; Bachrach Motor Co. is a corporation engaged in
selling automobiles and their parts. For 10 years, the two have been dealing with each
other. Zamboanga buys trucks, automobiles, repair and accessory parts for use in the
business of transportation in which it is engaged. Payments were made by installments,
and Zamboanga executed several chattel mortgages to secure it. Jose Erquiaga
(Erquiaga) was appointed as general manager in 1924,elected president, and acted as
an auditor in 1925. He is also one of the majority stockholders and has been its attorney
and legal adviser.
Zamboanga lacked funds and contacted Mons. Jose Clos, Bishop of Zamboanga
and a principal stock holder of the company, for loans of money. Since, he was leaving
for Rome in February 1925 and could not continue to loan money to Zamboanga,
additional agreements were entered between Mons. Clos and the Bachrach Motor Co.,
Inc. A new chattel mortgage was executed on by Zamboanga represented by President
Erquiaga. In this last mortgage the same goods were pledged that had been
hypothecated by the Zamboanga Transporatation Co., Inc., to the Bachrach Motor Co.,
by virtue of instruments to Mons. Jose Clos Bishop of Zamboanga, by the virtue of the
deed. President Erquiaga submitted the mortgage deed to the Board of directors. Upon
returning to Zamboanga from Manila, He discussed the mortgage with two board of
directors, who expressed satisfaction. Zamboanga also partially complied with the
mortgage contract. Zamboanga paid Bachrach two times. Bachrach sent a letter
cancelling the 2 former chattel mortgage. Bachrach told Erguiaga to register the
cancellation. Erquiaga replied by stating that the last mortgage was not approved by the
Board of Directors. Jose Erquiaga went to E.M. Bachman, president of Bachrach Motor
co., to secure his consent to sell the trucks that were mortgaged. He said this will be used
to pay the unpaid debt. Bachrach denied. Erquiaga and Zamboaga later on discovered
that the last mortgage was registered in the register of deed. Zamboanga, then filed for
annulment of the last mortgage because it was registered without their consent.
Bachrach, filed a complaint for Zamboanga to obtain possession of all the chattels.
Bchrach won and sold the chattel in a public auction where they were held the highest
bidder.
ISSUE: W/N the chattel mortgage executed by the president and general manager of the
plaintiff corporation, the Zamboanga Transportation Co., Inc., is valid
RULING: YES.
While it is true that said last chattel mortgage contract was not approved by the board of
directors of the Zamboanga Transportation Co., Inc., whose approval was necessary in
order to validate it according to the by-laws of said corporation, the broad powers vested
in Jose Erquiaga as president, general manager, auditor, attorney or legal adviser, and
one of the largest shareholders; the approval of his act in connection with said chattel
mortgage contract in question, with which two other directors expressed satisfaction, one
of which is also one of the largest shareholders, who together with the president constitute
a majority: The payments made under said contract with the knowledge of said three
directors are equivalent to a tacit approval by the board of directors of said chattel
mortgage contract and binds the Zamboanga Transportation Co., Inc. In truth and in fact
Jose Erquiaga, in his multiple capacity, was and is the factotum of the corporation and
may be said to be the corporation itself.
"Halley First National Bank vs. G. V. B. Min. Co.": Where the chief officers of a corporation
are in reality its owners, holding nearly all of its stock, and are permitted to manage the
business by the directors, who are only interested nominally or to a small extent, and are
controlled entirely by the officers, the acts of such officers are binding on the corporation,
which cannot escape liability as to third persons dealing with it in good faith on the
pretense that such acts were ultra vires.
When the president of a corporation, who is one of the principal stockholders and at the
same time its general manager, auditor, attorney or legal adviser, is empowered by its
by-laws to enter into chattel mortgage contracts, subject to the approval of the board of
directors, and enters into such contracts with the tacit approval of two other members of
the board of directors, one of whom is also a principal shareholder, both of whom, together
with the president, form a majority, and said corporation takes advantage of the benefits
afforded by said contract, such acts are equivalent to an implied ratification of said
contract by the board of directors and binds the corporation even if not formally approved
by said board of directors as required by the by-laws of the aforesaid corporation.
