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Audio Amplifier (Part III)

Mohammad Zilon, Mohammad Hijazi

II. PRE-LAB:
Objective- In this experiment the student will design a public
address (PA) amplifier. A public address amplifier takes a small In the pre lab of this experiment, we are given three
signal from a microphone (typically a few millivolts), amplifies it to amplifiers and we need to figure out the design for each. We
several volts and then drives a speaker with its output. The circuits already know the design for amplifier 2 & 3 from experiment
used in the P.A. amplifier will be the circuits designed in Audio 3 & 4 done previously. We need to do calculations to figure
Amplifier Part I and Part II. out the design for amplifier 1. After we figure out the values
for all amplifiers, we are to construct the each amplifier on the
I. INTRODUCTION breadboard. The figures below will show the schematic of
Amplifiers are present in every electronic device that we amplifier 1 and the diagram of how we are to set up the
use today. There are many types of amplifiers such as a power amplifiers.
amplifier, a tube amplifier, transistor amplifier, musical
instrument amplifier and much more. The purpose of an
amplifier is to take signal and increase the intensity of it like
in a movie theater. In this experiment we are to design a public
address amplifier by following the specification given to us.
We take the amplifiers that we already designed in experiment
4 & 5 and combine it with one we are to design in this lab to
make a public address amplifier.
A. Equipment/Components
 Resistors Table 3 (above) shows the specifications we need to follow
 Capacitors for amplifier 1. We are given (3) amplifiers, while we know
 BJT Transistors (TIP31C & TIP32C & ZTX458) the design specification for amplifier 2 & 3. We need the
 Voltmeter above specifications to figure out the design for amplifier 1.
 Digital Multi-Meter (DMM)
 Function Generator
 Oscilloscope
 Microphone & Speaker
B. Theoretical Background

A public address amplifier used transistors and converts a

.signal from a low power to a high power. It is an
electronic sound amplifier that a either uses a microphone
or a loudspeaker as a distribution system. They can be seen in
auditoriums, churches, bars and everywhere that usually have
a lot of people gathering at. The main amplifiers in this type of
system are described as power amplifiers. A power amplifier
takes a signal and reproduces it in a form that can be driven
through a loudspeaker. It takes a low voltage and high
independence waveform and changes it into a high voltage and Figure 2 (above), show us how each amplifier is connected
low impedance waveform. The main purpose of such as well as the values we use to calculate the gain for amplifier
amplifiers is to take a low power signal and change it into a 1.
high power signal that in this case can be heard through a Calculations for Amplifier 1, 2, & 3:
speaker or microphone. 𝑉𝑀𝐼𝐶 = 20𝑚𝑉𝑃𝑃
𝑉 2 𝑅𝑀𝑆 𝑉 2 𝑅𝑀𝑆
𝑃0 = => 0.7𝑊 = => 𝑉 2 𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 2.37𝑉
8Ω 8Ω
𝑉𝑆𝑃 = 2√2 ∗ 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 2√2 ∗ 2.37𝑉 = 6.69𝑉𝑃𝑃
𝑉𝑆𝑃 6.69𝑉𝑃𝑃 𝑉
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = = = 334.5
𝑉𝑀𝐼𝐶 20𝑚𝑉𝑃𝑃 𝑉
𝑉
𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝟏: (𝐴1 )(20)(1) = 334.5 => 𝐴1 = 16.725
𝑉
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𝑅𝐶 1𝑘 amplifier 1. The component values here are the same as the

𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = => 16.725 = => 𝑟𝑒 ones that we used in experiment 4. We then follow the figure
𝑅𝐸1 + 𝑟𝑒 45.67Ω + 𝑟𝑒
= 14.12Ω above to connect it to the function generator and oscilloscope.
1𝑘
𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝟐: 20 = => 𝑟𝑒 = 1.90Ω
45.67Ω + 𝑟𝑒
1𝑘
𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝟑: 1 = => 𝑟𝑒 = 954.33Ω
45.67Ω + 𝑟𝑒

For the calculations above, we use the values we are giving

for VMIC and Po to figure out our VSP value. Then with the
values we got for RE1 from experiment 4, we were able to
figure out the gain for amplifier 1 as well as all the r e values
for each amplifier.

Figure 3 (above), show the layout we are to follow when

constructing the amplifiers on the bread board. We are to
construct amplifier 1 & 2 first then we are to connect it to the
amplifier 3 last.

Figure 4 shows use the schematic we followed to construct

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III.LABORATORY: C. Step Three

In the laboratory part of the experiment, we constructed the In this part of the experiment, we kept the same connections
amplifier 1 on the breadboard and connected it to the function from step 2 but changed our input signal to read 1VPP. The
generator and oscilloscope to measure the distortion in the figure below shows the oscilloscope image for this step of the
time domain. Then we construct the all the amplifiers on the experiment.
breadboard and connected it to the speaker and microphone to
see how it will amplifier and piece of music. Lastly we
connect it again to the oscilloscope to get the output power of
our circuit. The figures below will show the oscilloscope D. Gain Measurement of Figure 4
images and the amplifiers constructed on the breadboard.  In this part of the experiment, we are to measure the
gain of the amplifier depicted in figure 4 above, this
time we have CE shorting out RE1.We measure the
A. Step one value of “A” and it was big enough to have the P.A.
We constructed the circuit for amplifier one that is depicted amplifier have a power of 0.7 watts. We then used
in figure 4 above. We connected the amplifier to the function the oscilloscope to get our VPP values in order for us
generator that is set at 7kHzand our oscilloscope connected to calculate the gain shown below.
with CE at point A. We adjusted until our output is at 4VPP
without distortion. From there we were able to get our gain 1.3 𝑉 𝑉
from this circuit 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = = 92
. 025𝑉 𝑉
E. Measurement of the Output Power
In the part of the experiment, we constructed the full
amplifier circuit on the breadboard. We connected our
amplifier that we designed in this lab, to our previously
B. Step 2 designed amplifier in experiment audio amplifier part I &
In the previous step, we constructed amplifier 1 on the part II. We connected the voltmeter to provide power to
breadboard and connected it to the function generator and our circuit and connected the speaker to it. We then tested
oscilloscope. In this part of the experiment, we connected the Figure 6.3: Step 3 Oscilloscope Image
CE are point B to measure the distortion after RE1. We adjust to see if the circuit will amplify the sound of a piece of
again to get our VPP=4. The figure below is the oscilloscope music through the speakers connected to it. Then we
image for this part of the experiment. connected it to the oscilloscope and function generator to
get the value of our output power coming from the circuit.
In the figure below, it will show the constructed circuit on

Figure 6.4: Full Amplifier Constructed on Breadboard

the breadboard and the oscilloscope image we used to get
our output power.
In figure 6.3 (above), it shows the oscilloscope image for
amplifier 1 with CE connected at point B (shown in figure 4
above). In this image channel 1 is the output wave and channel
2 is the input wave. If the channel was overlapping, we will
see the distortion. From the VPP displayed on the oscilloscope,
we were able to calculate the gain to be 67.80V/V.
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In the figure 6.4 (above), it shows the full audio amplifier

circuit constructed on the breadboard. We did experiment 4 &
5, in order to build up the audio amplifier that we have now.
We built all the audio amplifiers that we designed from
experiment 4 to now on the breadboard. We then connected
the circuit to the speaker to test out our circuit.
Figure 6.4: Full Amplifier Constructed on Breadboard

𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 2.55 𝑉 2
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡: 𝑃𝑜 = =
8Ω 8Ω
= .3 𝑊

In the figure 6.5 (above), it shows the oscilloscope image we

used to get our output power. We connected our full audio
amplifier circuit to the function generator and oscilloscope to
get our VPP=7V. From there we calculated our power to read
.405Watts.

IV. CONCLUSION
In this experiment we combined all our knowledge that we
learned in experiment 4 & 5 to create a public address
amplifier. We used the designs from the last two labs and
combined it with the one that we designed using the
specifications that we were given to complete our public
address amplifier. We first calculated all our values for our
resistors and also figured out our gain before constructing the
circuit. We then constructed our new amplifier on the
breadboard and connected it to the oscilloscope to see if our
values were a match to the ones we calculated. From there we
constructed all three amplifiers together and connected it to
the speaker to test our amplifier circuit and successfully we
were able to speak and play music with just a little distortion
on high volumes.