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Air Handling Units PDF

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‫ﺑﺳﻡ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻳﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻳﻛﻡ ﻭ ﺭﺣﻣﺔ ﷲ ﻭ ﺑﺭﻛﺎﺗﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﺑﻛﻝ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬


‫‪Air handling units‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﻫﻲ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ ﻳﺩﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﻣﻥ ﺇﺣﺩﻯ ﻁﺭﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺧﺭﺝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﺭ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻣﺭ ﻋﺑﺭ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺿﻊ ﻟﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺗﻪ )ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺗﺭﺓ ‪ -‬ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ (‬

‫ﻭ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻳﺳﺎﺭ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .۱‬ﺗﺑﺩﺃ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺑﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ ﻣﺯﻭﺩ ﺑﺩﺍﻣﺑﺭ ﻋﻳﺎﺭﻱ )ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻣﺑﺭ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺩﻭﻳﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﺣﺭﻙ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ( ﻭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻟﻣﺯﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﻣﺑﺭﻳﻥ ﻋﻳﺎﺭﻳﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻣﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﻳﺻﻝ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ )ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ( ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﺑﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺟﺏ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺝ )‪ (mixing box‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺑﺄﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺗﻌﻘﻳﺩﺍ ﻟﻥ ﺃﺗﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ )ﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ ﻣﺯﺝ ﻣﺯﺩﻭﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻣﺯﺝ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ( ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺷﺭﺣﻬﺎ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .۲‬ﺑﻌﺩ ﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺡ ﻧﻼﺣﻅ ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺗﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﺄﻟﻑ ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺗﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻠﺗﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﻟﻠﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﻭ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺩﻳﻡ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻳﺙ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺯﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﻔﻠﺗﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻲ )‪ (pre filter‬ﻣﻥ ﺃﻟﻳﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺗﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻭﻱ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻠﺗﺭ ﻛﻳﺳﻲ )‪ (bag filter‬ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺭﻭﺑﻠﻳﻥ‬

‫‪ .۳‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺷﺎﺋﻊ ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺰﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺷﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺰﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺷﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺣﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻣﺯﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺷﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﻟﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺷﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺗﺯﻭﺩ ﺑﺣﻭﺽ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻛﺎﺛﻑ ﺗﺟﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ ﻫﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻬﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻭﺷﻳﻌﺔ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺑﺣﺩﻭﺩ )‪ (c2.3-2.8 m/s‬ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﻳﺩ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺷﻳﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺩﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺣﻳﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﺣﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺷﻳﻌﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺭﺩ ‪ ۷/۱۲‬ﺃﻭ ‪٦/۱۱‬‬ ‫&‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺧﻥ ‪۷۰/۹۰‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻁﻴﺐ ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻁﻴﺐ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻁﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻁﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺟﺮﺍء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺱ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍء ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻁﻮﺑﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻁﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺩﻭﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺗﻳﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺋﻲ ‪ :‬ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺿﺦ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻋﺑﺭ ﺭﺫﺍﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍء ﺑﺣﻣﻝ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ ﻭ ﻟﻛﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﻳﺗﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺑﺎﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻭﺷﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﺧﻳﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻳﺔ )ﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﺃﺩﻳﺑﺎﺗﻲ( ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﺗﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﺣﻳﺎﻧﺎ ﻭ ﺿﻊ ﻭ ﺷﻳﻌﺔ ﺗﺳﺧﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭﻱ ‪ :‬ﻭ ﻫﻧﺎ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﺑﺑﺧﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﺟﻝ ﺑﺧﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﻁﺑﺔ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻣﺭﺟﻝ ﺑﺧﺎﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻣﺗﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭ ﺑﺑﻘﺎء ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺭﻁﻳﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺧﺎﺭ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺳﻭﻟﻭﻧﻭﻳﺩ ﺑﺧﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭ ﻳﺗﺄﻟﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺣﺔ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻣﻡ ﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺷﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺗﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺣﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ‪D-inlet‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺳﺣﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻳﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺭﺑﻭﻁﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺭﻙ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺳﻳﺭ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ ‪ V‬ﻭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺷﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻧﺣﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻑ ﻭ ﺗﺛﺑﻳﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺧﻣﺩﺍﺕ ﺿﺟﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻏﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺩﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺗﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺣﺔ ﻓﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻉ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺳﺗﺎﺗﻳﻛﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ‪.‬‬

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