Sociology is the scientific study of society and human social behavior. It uses empirical methods to study the origins, development, structure, and functioning of human society. Key areas of focus include social stratification, social class, religion, law, and how social activity shapes scientific knowledge. Sociologists conduct research with the aim of applying findings to social policy.
Nation refers to a large group of people who share common characteristics like language, traditions, customs, and ethnicity. A nation is a cultural-political community that has a sense of shared autonomy, unity and interests. According to Renan, a nation is a soul, a spiritual principle based on a shared heritage and consent to live together and perpetuate shared values,
Sociology is the scientific study of society and human social behavior. It uses empirical methods to study the origins, development, structure, and functioning of human society. Key areas of focus include social stratification, social class, religion, law, and how social activity shapes scientific knowledge. Sociologists conduct research with the aim of applying findings to social policy.
Nation refers to a large group of people who share common characteristics like language, traditions, customs, and ethnicity. A nation is a cultural-political community that has a sense of shared autonomy, unity and interests. According to Renan, a nation is a soul, a spiritual principle based on a shared heritage and consent to live together and perpetuate shared values,
Sociology is the scientific study of society and human social behavior. It uses empirical methods to study the origins, development, structure, and functioning of human society. Key areas of focus include social stratification, social class, religion, law, and how social activity shapes scientific knowledge. Sociologists conduct research with the aim of applying findings to social policy.
Nation refers to a large group of people who share common characteristics like language, traditions, customs, and ethnicity. A nation is a cultural-political community that has a sense of shared autonomy, unity and interests. According to Renan, a nation is a soul, a spiritual principle based on a shared heritage and consent to live together and perpetuate shared values,
Sociology is the scientific study of society and human social behavior. It uses empirical methods to study the origins, development, structure, and functioning of human society. Key areas of focus include social stratification, social class, religion, law, and how social activity shapes scientific knowledge. Sociologists conduct research with the aim of applying findings to social policy.
Nation refers to a large group of people who share common characteristics like language, traditions, customs, and ethnicity. A nation is a cultural-political community that has a sense of shared autonomy, unity and interests. According to Renan, a nation is a soul, a spiritual principle based on a shared heritage and consent to live together and perpetuate shared values,
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SOCIOLOGY- is the study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development,
organization, networks, and institutions.[1][2][3][4] It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation[5] and critical analysis[6] to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Many sociologists aim to conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes. Subject matter ranges from the micro-sociology level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure.[7] The traditional focuses of sociology include social stratification, social class, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, sexuality and deviance. As all spheres of human activity are affected by the interplay between social structure and individual agency, sociology has gradually expanded its focus to further subjects, such as health, medical, military and penal institutions, the Internet, education, social capital and the role of social activity in the development of scientific knowledge.
NATION- is a large group or collective of people with common characteristics attributed to
them including language, traditions, mores (customs), habitus (habits), and ethnicity. By comparison, a nation is more impersonal, abstract, and overtly political than an ethnic group.[1]It is a cultural-political community that has become conscious of its autonomy, unity, and particular interests.[2] Ernest Renan's What is a Nation? (1882) declares that "race is confused with nation and a sovereignty analogous to that of really existing peoples is attributed to ethnographic or, rather linguistic groups", and "The truth is that there is no pure race and that to make politics depend upon ethnographic analysis is to surrender it to a chimera", echoing a sentiment of civic nationalism. He also claims that a nation is not formed on the basis of dynasty, language, religion, geography, or shared interests. Rather, "A nation is a soul, a spiritual principle. Two things, which in truth are but one, constitute this soul or spiritual principle. One lies in the past, one in the present. One is the possession in common of a rich legacy of memories; the other is present-day consent, the desire to live together, the will to perpetuate the value of the heritage that one has received in an undivided form", emphasizing the democratic and historical aspects of what constitutes a nation, although, "Forgetting, I would even go so far as to say historical error, is a crucial factor in the creation of a nation". "A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity", which he famously said is reaffirmed in a "daily plebiscite".[3]
CULTURE- is the social behavior and norms found in human societies. Culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, and religion, and technologies such as tool usage, cooking, shelter, and clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies. The concept of material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization(including practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science comprise the intangible cultural heritage of a society.[1] In the humanities, one sense of culture as an attribute of the individual has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class- based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture, or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry. Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness, and such perspectives are common in the discipline of cultural studies. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions.
SOCIETY- is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social
group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent of members. In the social sciences, a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups.
POLITICS- is the process of making decisions applying to all members of each group. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance organized control over a human community, particularly a state. Furthermore, politics is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (this is usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting or forcing one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising force, including warfare against adversaries. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, from clans and tribes of traditional societies, through modern local governments, companies and institutions up to sovereign states, to the international level. It is very often said that politics is about power.[1] A political system is a framework which defines acceptable political methods within a given society. History of political thought can be traced back to early antiquity, with seminal works such as Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Politics and the works of Confucius.
ANTHROPOLOGY- is the study of various aspects of humans within past and
present societies.[1][2][3] Social anthropology and cultural anthropology[1][2][3] study the norms and values of societies. Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life. Biological or physical anthropology[1][2][3] studies the biological development of humans. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States,[4] while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history. POLITICAL SCIENCE- is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts and political behaviour.[1] It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics which is commonly thought of as determining of the distribution of power and resources. Political scientists "see themselves engaged in revealing the relationships underlying political events and conditions, and from these revelations they attempt to construct general principles about the way the world of politics works."[2] Political science comprises numerous subfields, including comparative politics, political economy, international relations, political theory, public administration, public policy and political methodology. Furthermore, political science is related to, and draws upon, the fields of economics, law, sociology, history, philosophy, geography, psychology, and anthropology.
