1. A 3-phase, 8-pole, 60-Hz, star-connected alternator has 96 slots with 10 turns per coil.

The coil span

is 10 slots. 60o groups, 2-layer winding is used. All coils in a phase are connected in series.
(a) Find the total number of coil groups in the machine. [2
marks]
(b) Find the total number of coils in the machine, C. [1 mark]
(c) Find the number of coils in a coil group, m. [1 mark]
(d) Find the number of turns per phase, Tph. [1 mark]
(e) Given that the upper side of coil 1 lies in slot 1, find the following slots:
(i) the slot which carries the lower side of coil 1 [1 mark]
(ii) the slot which carries the lower side of coil 90 [2 marks]
(f) Give the numbers of the following coils:
(i) all coils forming coil group 1 [ i.e. the first group named A] of phase A winding [2 marks]
(ii) all coils forming coil group 2 [ i.e. the first group named A] of phase A winding [2 marks]
(g) Indicate the connection between all coil groups of phase A winding over the first three pole
pitches. Use the following symbol to represent a coil group:

[3 marks]
(h) Calculate the distribution and coil span factors. [6 marks]
(i) Calculate the phase voltage on no load, when the air-gap flux per pole is 0.05 Wb. [4 marks]

2. (a) A stator having 12 slots is wound with a 3-phase, 2-pole, 2-layer winding. The coil span is one
pole pitch. The coils are connected in 60o groups.
(i) Determine the number of coils in a group. [3 marks]
(ii) Draw a coil group, indicating the numbers of all slots containing its coil-sides. Use slot 1 for
the first upper coil-side and assume that the coils are multi-turn.
[3 marks]
(iii) Determine the connections between all coil groups if all coil groups per phase are connected
in series. Use the following symbol to represent a coil group: . [3 marks]
(b) A 3-phase, star-connected, 50-Hz, 6-pole generator has a fundamental flux per pole of 0.015 Wb.
The stator has 90 slots and 4 conductors per slot and each stator coil spans 12 slots. 60o group, 2-
layer winding is used and all coil groups in a phase are in series. The flux density in the air gap
contains a 30 % third harmonic with respect to the fundamental.
(i) Determine the fundamental and the third harmonic distribution factors k m1 and k m 3 [3
marks]
(ii) Determine the fundamental and the third harmonic coil-span factors k e1 and k e 3 [3
marks]
(iii) Determine the rms value of the phase voltage [8 marks]
(iv) Determine the rms value of the line voltage [2 marks]

3. A 3-phase, star-connected, 50-Hz, 8-pole generator has 96 slots with 10 turns per coil. The coil span
is 10 slots. The air-gap flux per pole is 0.050 Wb. 60o groups, 2-layer lap winding is used and all
coils per phase are connected in series.
(a) Find the total number of coil groups per phase. [1 mark]
(b) Find the number turns per phase. [2 marks]
(c) Find the number of coils in a coil group [2 marks]
(d) Draw a coil group, indicating the numbers of all slots containing its coil-sides. Use slot 1 for the
first upper coil-side. [4 marks]
 (e) Indicate the connection between all coil groups in phase A winding over four pole pitches.
Represent a coil group by its symbol. [2 marks]
(f) Calculate the rms line voltage of the generator on no load. [14 marks]

4. A 3-phase, 2-pole induction motor has its 12 stator coils brought out to a linear array of terminals 1,
1' to 12, 12' on a terminal panel as shown in Fig. 1.
(a) Determine the total number of coil groups if
(i) 60o phase spread, 2-layer lap winding is used [2 marks]

(ii) 120o phase spread, 2-layer lap winding is used [2 marks]

(b) By making the appropriate coil to coil connections these coils may be used to form a variety of
phase windings. Indicate clearly the connections between the coils and also between the phases
for the following 3phase connections:
(i) 120o phase spread, star-connected [2 marks]
o
(ii) 120 phase spread, delta-connected [2 marks]
(iii) 60o phase spread, star-connected, one circuit per phase [3 marks]
o
(iv) 60 phase spread, delta-connected, one circuit per phase [4 marks]
(c) Obtain the rated line voltages and currents of the various three-phase connections in part (b) in
terms of the current and voltage ratings of a coil Ic and Ec. [10 marks]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Fig. 1 Diagram for Que. 2

5. (a) The stator of a 3-phase, 4-pole, 50-Hz induction motor has 12 slots. 60o groups, 2-layer lap
winding is used. A phase winding consists of full-pitch, multi-turn coils all connected in series.
(i) Find the total number of coils. [1 mark]
(ii) Find the number of coils in a group. [1 mark]
(iii) Indicate the arrangement and slot numbering of all coils and coil groups in phase A
winding (i.e. a developed winding diagram). The upper and lower coil-sides in a slot should
be represented by solid and broken vertical lines respectively. [7 marks]
(iv) Determine the connections between all coil groups. Use the following symbol to represent a
coil group: [6 marks]

(b) A 3-phase 12-pole star-connected alternator on open circuit is required to generate a line voltage
of 3600 V, 50 Hz when driven at its rated speed. The stator has 3 slots per pole per phase and 10
conductors per slot. Determine
(iii) the useful flux per pole [8 marks]

(iv) the number of turns in a coil [2 marks]

o
Assume that 60 group, 2-layer winding is used, all conductors per phase are connected in series
and the coils are full-pitch.