IP Addressing
By
Muhammad Niswar
Dr. Muhammad Niswar
Outline
l What is IP Address ?
l IP Address Format
l Classfull Scheme
l Class A, B, C, D, E
l Classless Scheme
l CIDR
l VLSM
Dr. Muhammad Niswar
IP Address
l Logical Network Address that identifies
particular host.
l IPv4 = 32 bits
l IPv6 = 128 bits
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IP Address Format
32-bits
Network Host
00001010000000000000010100000001
00001010 00000000 00000101 00000001
10 . 0 . 5 . 1
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Classfull Scheme
32-bits
Network Host
Netwo
rk
Host (24)
(8)
Class A
Network (16) Host (16)
Class B
Host
(8)
Class C Network (24)
Class D Multicast
Class E Reserved
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Classfull Scheme
l PC/Router identifies the class of IP address
according to MSB
0111XXXX Host (24)
Class A
1011XXXX
Class B Host (16)
XXXXXXXX
Host
(8)
1101XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
Class C
Class D Multicast
Class E Reserved
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Classfull Scheme
0111XXXX Host (24)
Class A
l Range = 1 126
l 0 = Reserved for Broadcast Address
l 127 = Reserved for Loopback Address
l Large Size Organization
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Classfull Scheme
1011XXXX
Class B XXXXXXXX
Host (16)
lRange = 128 191
lMedium Size Organization
Host
(8)
1101XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
Class C
Range = 192 223
Small Size Organization
Class D 1110XXXX
Range = 224- 239
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Subnet:
Class C
l 192.168.1.0
l Netmask: 255.255.255.0
l CIDR: 192.168.1.0/24
l Host = 8 bits
l # of Host = 2^8 2 = 254 Hosts
Network Host Range Broadcast
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 ~ 192.168.1.254 192.168.1.255
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Subnet:
Class C
l 192.168.1.0
l Netmask: 255.255.255.0
l CIDR: 192.168.1.0/24
l Host = 8 bits
l # of Host = 2^8 2 = 254 Hosts
Network Host Range Broadcast
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 ~ 192.168.1.254 192.168.1.255
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Subnet:
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
l ISP use CIDR method to allocate a number of
address to customer.
l 192.168.10.32/28
l /28 = # of bits are turned on (1s) = Network
l /28 = subnet prefix
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Subnet
l 192.168.10.32/28
l 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
l # of Subnet = 2^4 = 16 Subnets
l # of Host = 2^4 2 = 14 Hosts
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Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Network Host Range Broadcast
192.168.10.32 192.168.10.33 ~ 192.168.10.46 192.168.10.47
192.168.10.48 192.168.10.49 ~ 192.168.10.62 192.168.10.63
192.168.10. 64 192.168.10.65 ~ 192.168.10.78 192.168.10.79
192.168.10.80 192.168.10.81 ~ 192.168.10.94 192.168.10.95
192.168.10.96 192.168.10.97 ~ 192.168.10.110 192.168.10.111
192.168.10.112 192.168.10.113 ~ 192.168.10.126 192.168.10.127
192.168.10.128 192.168.10.129 ~ 192.168.10.142 192.168.10.143
192.168.10.144 192.168.10.145 ~ 192.168.10.158 192.168.10.159
192.168.10.160 192.168.10.161 ~ 192.168.10.174 192.168.10.175
192.168.10.176 192.168.10.177 ~ 192.168.10.190 192.168.10.191
192.168.10.192 192.168.10.193 ~ 192.168.10.206 192.168.10.207
192.168.10.208 192.168.10.209 ~ 192.168.10.222 192.168.10.223
192.168.10.224 192.168.10.225 ~ 192.168.10.238 192.168.10.239
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192.168.10.240 192.168.10.241 ~ 192.168.10.254 192.168.10.255
Exercise
l 172.16.0.0/18
l Netmask?
l # of Subnets?
l # of Hosts?
l Valid Subnets, Hosts, Broadcasts Addresses:
Subnet Host Range Broadcast
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Classless Scheme:
Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)
l Divide an IP address space into subnets of
different sizes
l Subnetting the subnet
l Dealing with IP address wastage introduced by
Classfull Address Scheme.
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VLSM Example
l Small company with class C network
l 192.168.10.0/24
l They have six subnets
l Subnet1, 2, 3 & 4 = 10 hosts
l Subnet5 = 50 hosts
l Subnet6 = 100 hosts
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VLSM Example
(1st Division)
0 8 16 24 254 Hosts 32
192 168 10 192.168.10.0/24
0 8 16 24 126 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.0/25
(Subnet6)
0 8 16 24 126 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.128/25
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VLSM Example
nd
(2 Division)
0 8 16 24 126 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.128/25
0 8 16 24 62 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.128/26
(subnet5)
0 8 16 24 62 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.192/26
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VLSM Example (3th Division)
0 8 16 24 62 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.192/26
0 8 16 24 14 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.192/28
(subnet1)
0 8 16 24 14 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.208/28
(subnet2)
0 8 16 24 14 Hosts 32
192 168 10
192.168.10.224/28
(subnet3)
0 8 16 24 14 Hosts 32
192 168
Dr. Muhammad 10
Niswar 192.168.10.240/28
(subnet4)
Exercise
192.168.1.0/24
Subnet A = 66 Hosts Subnet B = 19 Hosts
Subnet C = 2 Hosts
Internet RouterA RouterB
Subnet D = 6 Hosts Subnet E = 30 Hosts
Dr. Muhammad Niswar
