6BI02 01 Que 20160607 PDF
6BI02 01 Que 20160607 PDF
6BI02 01 Que 20160607 PDF
Edexcel GCE
Biology
Advanced Subsidiary
Unit 2: Development, Plants and the Environment
Instructions
Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
there may be more space than you need.
Information
The total mark for this paper is 80.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your
written communication will be assessed
you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
Candidates may use a calculator.
Advice
Keep
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
an eye on the time.
Checkanswer
Try to every question.
your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P46642A
2016 Pearson Education Ltd.
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2/3/3/3/1/
Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
1 The photograph below shows a crosssection through part of the stem of a sunflower
(Helianthus annuus) as seen using a microscope.
(a) Give the letter that correctly identifies the plant tissues shown in the photograph
above.
(2)
Sclerenchyma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................
Xylem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................
(b) Statements concerning xylem and sclerenchyma tissue are shown in the table below.
Place a cross in the box to indicate whether each statement is true or false.
(4)
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*(c) Describe the structure of the cell wall of a xylem vessel.
(4)
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2 (a) In the space below, draw a sperm cell. On your diagram, label each of the
following structures: nucleus, mitochondria, flagellum and acrosome.
(4)
(ii)
Mitochondria
(2)
(iii)
Acrosome
(2)
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3 The electronmicrograph below shows a Golgi apparatus in part of a cell.
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(b) Describe the role of the Golgi apparatus.
(4)
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4 The cell cycle is involved in the production of new cells.
The table below shows the time spent in each stage for a cell with a cell cycle of 24hours.
(a) Describe the end result of each of the following stages of this cell cycle.
(i)
Mitosis
(2)
(ii)
S phase
(2)
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(b) After fertilisation, a zygote divides rapidly to produce more cells.
The diagram below shows a zygote and the results of the first three cell cycles.
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zygote
(i) State the number of cells that would be present after three more cell cycles.
Place a cross in the box next to the correct answer.
(1)
A 16
B 32
C 64
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D 128
(ii) The first few cell cycles may be as short as 30 minutes. They do not have G1 or
G2 phases, only alternating S phases and mitosis.
Using information from the table and your own knowledge, suggest why the
cells produced become smaller after each cell cycle.
(2)
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(c) Cells stop dividing as they become specialised.
Describe the processes that take place inside a cell during specialisation.
(d) Specialised cells of an embryo become tissues and organs in the fetus.
Give two differences between tissues and organs.
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5 The photograph below shows packaging pellets made from thermoplastic starch,
which is produced from corn starch. These pellets can be produced from a
sustainable resource.
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Magnification 0.5
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(ii) Other packaging pellets contain polystyrene made from crude oil.
Explain why packaging pellets made from thermoplastic starch are sustainable
but polystyrene pellets are not sustainable.
(2)
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(b) Scientists investigated various factors that affect the breakdown of a starchbased
plastic. They tested plastic sheets made from a starchbased plastic.
80
70
Percentage decrease in mass (%)
60
50 pH 7.5
30
20
10
0
30 30 40 40
Temperature / C
(i) Using information from the graph, suggest which conditions were best for the
breakdown of the plastic.
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(ii) Using information from the graph, describe the effect of temperature on the
breakdown of the plastic.
(3)
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Suggest two factors that would have been kept constant to make this a valid
(iii)
investigation.
(2)
(iv) Suggest why it would not be valid to use these data to predict what would
happen at a temperature of 30 C and a pH of 11.0.
(1)
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6 An investigation was carried out into the effects of different plant extracts on 13 species
of bacteria. This investigation was carried out in a university laboratory, using species of
bacteria that cause disease in humans.
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(ii) Suggest why the size of the zone of inhibition was used to indicate how
sensitive the bacteria were to the plant extracts.
(1)
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(b) Using the information from the table, suggest what conclusions can be drawn
from these data.
(3)
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(c) Suggest one way in which this investigation could be improved. Give an
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(d) Suggest a change that would have to be made if this investigation were to be
carried out safely in a school laboratory. Give a reason for your suggestion.
(2)
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7 The pigment melanin affects fur colour in mammals, such as rabbits.
As a result of polygenic inheritance, some breeds of rabbit may have fur that ranges
(b) Himalayan rabbits are white with black fur on their ears, tails and feet.
ice pack
Before After
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(ii) It is thought that the expression of the gene for fur colour in Himalayan
rabbits is affected by the environment.
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8 Animals that live only in underground caves are called troglobites.
Aquatic troglobites live in water in caves. Terrestrial troglobites live on the floors and
300
250
aquatic
troglobites
200 terrestrial
troglobites
Number of species
150
50
0
Bulgaria Croatia Greece Slovenia
Country
(i) Using information in the graph, identify which country has the lowest
biodiversity of troglobites.
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(1)
(ii) Place a cross in the box that corresponds to the correct ratio of aquatic
troglobites to terrestrial troglobites in Croatia.
(1)
A 5: 8
B 6: 7
C 8: 7
D 9: 10
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(iii) Using the information from the graph, compare the biodiversity of troglobites
in Greece and Slovenia.
(2)
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(c) An example of a troglobite is the olm, Proteus anguinus, as shown in the
photograph below. This species is an amphibian endemic to the caves of Slovenia
and Croatia.
(i) Explain what is meant by the phrase endemic to the caves of Slovenia and Croatia.
(1)
(ii) Suggest which of the following is a physiological adaptation of olms to their habitat.
Place a cross in the box corresponding to the correct answer.
(1)
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*(iii) Olms evolved from small populations of amphibians that lived in caves. These
caves became blocked off from other caves by rock barriers.
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Suggest how natural selection could have led to the evolution of the olm.
(5)
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