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ENGG2012 A&B Advanced Engineering Mathematics Solution 4: Tutor: Xixuan Wu

This document contains solutions to 6 problems involving matrix operations and linear algebra. Problem 1 involves multiplying and adding matrices. Problem 2 finds a linear transformation from one set of variables to another by multiplying transformation matrices. Problem 3 proves a property about symmetric matrices. Problem 4 works through Gaussian elimination on systems of linear equations. Problem 5 determines powers of a matrix. Problem 6 transposes a matrix.

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Saúl L Hdez T
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68 views5 pages

ENGG2012 A&B Advanced Engineering Mathematics Solution 4: Tutor: Xixuan Wu

This document contains solutions to 6 problems involving matrix operations and linear algebra. Problem 1 involves multiplying and adding matrices. Problem 2 finds a linear transformation from one set of variables to another by multiplying transformation matrices. Problem 3 proves a property about symmetric matrices. Problem 4 works through Gaussian elimination on systems of linear equations. Problem 5 determines powers of a matrix. Problem 6 transposes a matrix.

Uploaded by

Saúl L Hdez T
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGG2012 A&B Advanced Engineering Mathematics

Solution 4
Tutor: Xixuan Wu
Email: xixuan1124 [AT] gmail.com
P1:

1 1 1
1 2 3

A 1 1 1 B 1 2 4
1 1 1
0 5 1

Solution:

1 1 1 1 2 3
1 1 1

3 AB 2 A 3 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 5 1
1 1 1
0 5 8
1 1 1

3 0 5 6 2 1 1 1
2 9 0
1 1 1
0 15 24 2 2 2 2 13 22
0 15 18 2 2 2 2 17 20
6 27 0 2 2 2 4 29 2
T

1 1 1 1
T
A B 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 0 5

2 3
2 4
5 1
3 0 5 8
4 0 5 6
1 2 9 0

P2: We have two linear transformations. Please find the linear transformation
from z to x.

x1 2 y1 y3

x2 2 y1 3 y2 2 y3
x 4 y y 5y
1
2
3
3

y1 3z1 z2

y2 2 z1 z3
y z 3z
2
3
3

3 1 0
Y BZ ; B 2 0 1
0 1 3

2 0 1
Solution: X AY ; A 2 3 2 ,
4 1 5
x1
y1


Here, X x2 , Y y2 ,


x
y
3
3

z1

Z z2
z
3

So, X AY A( BZ ) ( AB)Z ,

x 0.5c2 0.5c1
y c

1
So,
,
z c2
w 0

2 0 1 3 1 0 6 1 3
AB 2 3 2 2 0 1 12 4 9
4 1 5 0 1 3 10 1 16

x1 6 z1 z2 3z3

x2 12 z1 4 z2 9 z3
x 10 z z 16 z
1
2
3
3

P3: A, B are n*n symmetric matrices. Show: AB is symmetric matrix if and only if
AB=BA.
Solution: 1.

AB BA, AT A, BT B
( AB)T BT AT BA AB

2. AB is symmetric matrix, so: AB ( AB) B A BA .


T

P4: Gaussian Elimination and Back Substitution Method.


Solution:

1.

4 x1 2 x2 x3 2

3x1 x2 2 x3 10
11x 3x 8
2
1

4 2 1 2

Augmented matrix: 3 1 2 10

11 3 0 8

4 2 1 2 1 3 3 8 1 3 3 8 1 3 3 8
3 1 2 10 => 3 1 2 10 => 0 10 11 34 => 0 10 11 34

11 3 0 8 11 3 0 8 0 30 33 96 0 0
0 6
No solution.

2.

2 x 3 y z 4
x 2 y 4 z 5

3 x 8 y 2 z 13
4 x y 9 z 6

2 3 1 4
1 2 4 5

Augmented matrix:
3 8 2 13

4 1 9 6

2 3 1 4 1 2 4 5 1 2 4
1 2 4 5 2 3 1 4 0 7 7

=>
=>
3 8 2 13 3 8 2 13 0 14 14



4 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 0 7 7

5 1 2 4 5
14 0 1 1 2
=>
=>
28 0 0 0 0

14 0 0 0 0

x 2c 1
x 2 y 4 z 5

=> y c 2

y z 2
z c

3.

2 1 1 1 1

Augmented matrix: 4 2 2 1 2

2 1 1 1 1

2 x y z w 1

4 x 2 y 2 z w 2
2 x y z w 1

x 0.5c2 0.5c1
2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 x y z w 1
y c1
4 2 2 1 2 => 0 0 0 1 0 => w 0
=>

z c2
2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 2w 0
w 0

P5:

1 0
A

What is A2 , A3 ,

, Ak ?

Solution:

1
A2

1
A3

0 1 0 1 0

1 1 2 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1

1 0

k 1

Now we prove: A
k

1 0

n 1

When k = 1,2,3, it is right. If k=n, A


n

n 1

When k = n+1, we can get: A

0
1 0 1 0 1

.
n 1 1 (n 1) 1

1 0

P6: A 0 1 , whats An ?
0 0

1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Solution: A 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 I B

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0

2
k

B 0 0 1 , B 0 0 0 , B 0 0 0 , when k >=3.
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

1 0

n
When n = 1, A A 0 1

0 0

When n>=2,

An ( I B)n Cn0 n I n Cn1 n1I n1B


n

0
0

0
0

Cn1 n 1 Cn2 n 2

n
Cn1 n 1
0
n

0
0

Cnn Bn Cn0 n I Cn1 n1B Cn2 n2 B 2

0 n 1
0 0 n2
0

1
n 1
2
0
Cn 0 0 Cn 0 0
0 0
0 0
n
0
0

0
0

2 x1 x2 x3 2

P7: x1 2 x2 x3

2
x1 x2 2 x3

Whats if theres solution?

2 x1 x2 x3 2

Solution: x1 2 x2 x3

2
x1 x2 2 x3
2 1 1 2
1 2 1

1 1 2 2

=>

2 1 1 2


Augmented matrix: 1 2 1

1 1 2 2

1 2 1
2 1
1 2 =>

1
1 2 2


1 2 1
0 3 3 2 2 =>

0 3 3 2


1 2 1

0 3 3
2 2

0 0 0 2 2
If

1 and 2 , 2 2 0 , no solution.

If

2 ,

x1 c 2
1 2 1

1 2 1 2
x1 2 x2 x3 2

0 3 3

=> x2 c 2
2 2 => 0 3 3 6 =>

x2 x 3 2
x c
0 0 0 2 2
0 0 0 0
3
If

1,

x1 c 1
1 2 1

1 2 1 1
x1 2 x2 x3 1

0 3 3

=> x2 c
2 2 => 0 3 3 0 =>

x2 x 3 0
x c
0 0 0 2 2
0 0 0 0
3

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