Steam Turbine PDF

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.
2. STEAM TURBINE AND

AUXILIARIES
Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator
TOSHIBA
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
2.1 GENERAL
2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE STEAM TURBINE
2.3 TURBINE FRONT STANDARD
2.4 MAJOR STEAM VALVES
2.5 TSI
(TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENT)
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
2.1 GENERAL
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
HP/ IP outer casing
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
HP/ IP outer casing

HP inner casing
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
Cross over pipe
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
LP outer casing
10
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
LP outer casing
LP inner casing
11
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
Nozzle Diaphragms
Nozzle Diaphragms
12
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
Nozzle Diaphragms
Nozzle Diaphragms
HIP Rotor
13
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
Nozzle Diaphragms
Nozzle Diaphragms
LP Rotor
HIP Rotor
14
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
Bearing standard
Bearing standard
15
TOSHIBA
GENERAL
Turning device
Bearing standard
Bearing standard
16
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS FOR STEAM TURBINE
2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE

STEAM TURBINE
-
TURBINE NOZZLE
TURBINE BLADES
TURBINE CASING
TURBINE ROTOR
BEARINGS
TURNING GEAR
ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF DIAPHRAGM
- SHAFT GROUNDING DEVICES
17
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE
STEAM PATH OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY IMPULSE DESIGN
P3
P2
P1
Steam
Pressure
Change
V3
V2
V1
Steam
Velocity
Change
Impulse-Type Steam Path - Rugged Blade Design

18
TOSHIBA
NOZZLE BOX CONSTRUCTION
Nozzle Box & Casing Assembly

19
Upper Half of Nozzle Box
TOSHIBA
RUGGED NOZZLE DIAPHRAGMS
Wheel and Diaphragm Construction

20
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
RECESSED TENON TYPE BLADE with MULTIPLE TIP FINS and

SNUBBER TYPE BLADE with Hi-Lo TYPE TIP FINS
Blade / Type
Integral Cover and Shroud
Recessed Tenon with Multiple Fins
Snubber Type with Hi-Lo Fins
Recessed Tenon with Multiple Fins
Conventional Tenon and Shroud Type
Cover Segment / Lng and Sleeve
FOR EXAMPLE
COMPARISON OF TIP FINS

21
CONTINUOUSLY COUPLED
SNUBBER TYPE BLADE
(IP Stages)
RECESSED TENONS and

STEPPED SHROUDS
STAGE EFFICIENCY
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
FIRST STAGE BLADE
22
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
INTERMEDIATE STAGE BLADES
23
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
SNUBBER TYPE BLADE
24
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
LONGER BLADES IN THE LOW PRESSURE SECTION
25
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / BLADE
LAST STAGE BLADE
26
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
IP Inner Casing Detail

There is no inner casing on the
Intermediate Turbine.
Disregard what the narrator says in the
next slide about the inner casing.
Only the HP Turbine has an inner casing.
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / CASING
HP & IP CASING
- Opposed Flow Configuration : Both the high pressure and the intermediate
pressure section enclosed in one cylinder
Less thermal stress and steam leakage

Compact design
- Double Shell Construction
- Centerline Support
27
High Performance and

High Reliability
Easy Operation, Installation and Maintenance
Minimal possibility of steam leakage
Lower stress and temperature gradient
Easy Operation, Installation and Maintenance

TOSHIBA
HP AND IP CASING
SIMPLIFIED OPPOSED FLOW & DOUBLE SHELL
Double Shell Construction

28
TOSHIBA
CENTERLINE SUPPORT AND EXPANSION CONTROL
True Centerline Support

29
TOSHIBA
DISASSEMBLY OF HP & IP CASING
30
TOSHIBA
HIP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING
31
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
HP DIAPHRAGM
IP DIAPHRAGM
TOSHIBA
LP CASING
32
TOSHIBA
Low Pressure Turbine Atmospheric

Relief Valves
There is only one (1) atmospheric relief
valve on the turbine.
There are not 3 as shown in next slide.
TOSHIBA
LP CASING
Axial Key
33
TOSHIBA
LP CASING
Atmospheric relief
diaphragms
Rupture Pressure is
34.5 kPag.
Axial Key
34
TOSHIBA
LP CASING
Atmospheric relief
diaphragms
Hand holes
Axial Key
35
TOSHIBA
LP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING
36
TOSHIBA
LP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING
37
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR
ROTOR
HP-IP Rotor and LP Rotor

38
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR
MULTI-SPAN CRITICAL SPEED MODE DIAGRAM

FOR EXAMPLE
39
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR
TURBINE ROTOR DURING MANUFACTURING
40
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / BEARING
BEARINGS
- Arrangement of Bearings and Design Specifications
HPIP
LP
GEN#5
GEN#6
ST#1
ST#2
ST#3
ST#4
Type
DTP
DTP
EL
EL
EL
EL
Mounted
on
Front
Stand
Middle
Stand
LP CSG
Cone
LP CSG
Cone
BRG
Pedestal
BRG
Pedestal
- DTP: Double Tilting Pad
EL: Elliptical Type
- Bearing Pressure = Bearing Load / (Diam.Length) for Journal Bearings
41
TOSHIBA
TILTING PAD BEARING
42
TOSHIBA
ELLIPTICAL BEARING
43
TOSHIBA
ELLIPTICAL BEARING
TOSHIBA
ELLIPTICAL BEARING
TOSHIBA
BEARING SYSTEM WITH ENSURED STABILITY
Tapered-land Thrust Bearing

44
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / TURNING GEAR
TURNING GEAR
Speed for Turning Gear is 5.1 rpm at this project!
(1) Location of Turning Device
The cap - mount - type turning device is located on the LP turbine
generator end pedestal.
- The required driving force has been minimized due to the maximum spacer
gear diameter at the ST&G coupling.
- The space around the ST&G coupling is more stable as a turning gear
location because it will be the coldest, and the rotor alignment change
is relatively smaller than other spaces.
45
TOSHIBA
TURNING GEAR
46
TOSHIBA
TURNING GEAR
47
TOSHIBA
TURNING GEAR
47
TOSHIBA
TURNING GEAR
47
TOSHIBA
Turning Gear Operations

It Can Be Engaged 3 Ways:
Manually by means of a hand lever
Remotely by use of a pushbutton at DCS
Automatically by engaging mechanism driven by
an air operated solenoid valve.
A zero speed indicator will actuate the device and engage
the turning gear when the rotor is completely stopped.
TOSHIBA
MAJOR PARTS / OTHERS
ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF DIAPHRAGM
Cutting Knife
A
Diaphragm
(Copper Plate)
Rupture Pressure is 34.5 kPag. Detail of B

(Copper Plate)
View A-A
48
TOSHIBA
GROUNDING DEVICE ASSEMBLY

Bracket
Copper
Braid
Spring
Rotation
49
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TOSHIBA
TURBINE FRONT STANDARD
2.3 TURBINE FRONT STANDARD
50
TOSHIBA
LOCATION OF FRONT STANDARD
CROSS OVER PIPNG
FRONT STANDARD
HP / IP TURBINE
51
LP TURBINE
GENERATOR
TOSHIBA
FRONT STANDARD (SIDE VIEW)

No Speed Indicator in Front Standard
#1 Bearing oil
Pressure
Indicator
Eccentricity
Detector
Vibration
Detector
Oil
Deflector
Differential
Expansion Detector
#1 Bearing Returned
oil Temperature
Indicator
Sole Plate
52
#1 Bearing
Supplied oil
Temperature
Indicator
Oil Drain Pipe
#1 Bearing
TOSHIBA
FRONT STANDARD (TOP VIEW)

No Speed Indicator in Front Standard
HIP Rotor
#1 Bearing
Speed
Detector
for TSI
Speed Detector
for EHC
Shell
Expansion
Detector
Bearing Oil Feed Pipe
No Shell Expansion Detector in Front Standard
53
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
2.4 MAJOR STEAM VALVES
54
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
LOCATION OF MAJOR STEAM VALVES

Only One (MSV) Main Stop Valve
CV
MSV
HP Turbine
LP Turbine
Generator
IP
Turbine
CRV
55
Two CVs/Upper and Lower/Shell Mounted

Type
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
MSV (Side view)

Valve
Steam Inlet
Bypass Valve
Steam Outlet
HYD Cylinder
56
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
MSV (Top view)

Steam Outlet
Steam Outlet
Steam Inlet
57
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
SHELL MOUNT TYPE CV

CV
CV
CRV
HIP Turbine
CV
CV
CRV
Side View
58
Front View
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
CONTROL VALVE (CV) ASSEMBLY

HYD Cylinder
Valve stem
Valve
59
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
COMBINED REHEAT VALVE (CRV) ASSEMBLY
62
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
COMBINED REHEAT VALVE

(OUT LINE)
IV Hydraulic
Actuator
IV Yoke
Steam Outlet
RSV Yoke
Steam Inlet
63
RSV Hydraulic
Actuator
TOSHIBA
STEAM VALVES
COMBINED REHEAT VALVE

(ASSEMBLY)
IV Actuator
IV Yoke
Cover
No IV Bypass Valve on This Project!
IV Stem
Intercept
Valve
Strainer
Reheat
Stop Valve
RSV bypass valve
RSV Stem
RSV Yoke
Steam
Inlet
64
RSV
Hydraulic
Actuator
TOSHIBA
TSI
2.5 TSI
TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENT
65
TOSHIBA
TSI
CONTENTS
2.5.1. Outline of the TSI
2.5.2. System Description
2.5.3. Principles
2.5.4. TSI Sensor Outline Drawings
66
TOSHIBA
TSI
2.5.1.OUTLINE OF THE TSI

The function of the turbine Supervisory Instrument System is to
monitor and control turbine condition including factors such as speed,
vibration, differential expansion, expansion, eccentricity, etc.
Recently Eddy Current type sensors (in accordance with API std670)
have benn developed and are being used widely.
These sensors have high accuracy and wide range frequency
characteristics, and anti-noise characteristics.
67
TOSHIBA
TSI
VIBRATION
Shaft vibration is one of the most important factors to monitor for safe
operation of a rotating machine. In general, increased shaft vibration
will result from factors such as rotor imbalance, friction, and instability
of lubricating oil, etc
These problems can be detected and remedied at an early stage by
supervising shaft vibration. In the case of steam turbines, absolute
shaft vibration is monitored.The vibration of each bearing in vertical
and horizontal directions to the shaft is monitored.
High vibration levels will trigger an alarm signal.
Should the vibration exceed the high trip level, a turbine trip-signal will
be initiated.
68
TOSHIBA
TSI
SHELL EXPANSION
The relative positions between the foundation of the turbine and the
shell are monitored and shell elongation in the direction of the shaft is
measured using a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT).
Excessive shell expansion will trigger an alarm signal.
69
TOSHIBA
TSI
DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION
The relative differential expansion between the casing and the rotor is
measured.
Pickups are installed in the HP/IP turbine and the LP turbine to
facilitate this.
Excessive differential expansion will activate the alarm.
70
TOSHIBA
TSI
ECCENTRICITY
The eccentricity of the turbine rotor is measured and is important for
monitoring rotor bow, particularly during the turning operation.
71
TOSHIBA
TSI
THRUST POSITION
The mobility in the axial direction of the rotor is measured.
An alarm and trip signal will be given, if the mobility exceeds preset values.
This monitoring system is a duplicate system in the sence that it comprises 3
sets of detectors, drivers and monitors.
72
TOSHIBA
TSI
ZERO SPEED
Turbine speed is monitored, turning interlocks will be initiated if the
speed drops below the preset value.
73
TOSHIBA
TSI
INSTRUMENT LIST FOR MAIN TURBINE/GENERATOR

M.T Vibration Detector / 12sets(6sets of X/Y)
Vibration Detector
Extension Cable
Vibration Driver
Vibration Monitor
Shaft Eccentricity / 1set
Eccentricity Detector
Extension Cable
Shaft Eccentricity Driver
Shaft Eccentricity Monitor
Main turbine Zero Speed / 1set
Main turbine Zero Speed Detector
Extension Cable
Main turbine Zero Driver
Main turbine Zero Monitor
Shell Expansion / 1set
Shell Expansion Detector
Shell Expansion Monitor
74
TOSHIBA
TSI
HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion / 1 set

HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion Detector
Extension Cable
HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion Driver
HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion Monitor
LP Turbine Differential Expansion / 1 set
LP Turbine Differential Expansion Detector
Extension Cable
LP Turbine Differential Expansion Driver
LP Turbine Differential Expansion Monitor
Thrust Position / 3 sets
Thrust Position Detector
Extension Cable
Thrust Position Driver
Thrust Position Monitor
Keyphasor /1 set
Keyphasor Detector
Extension Cable
Keyphasor Driver
System Monitor
75
TOSHIBA
TSI
GENERAL LOCATION OF TSI SENSORS

VE
SE
ZE1
ZE2
ZE3
ZE4
ZE5
ZE6
VIBRATION DETECTOR
ZERO SPEED DETECTOR
ECCENTRICITY DETECTOR
HIP DIFF. EXPANSION DETECTOR
SHELL EXPANSION DETECTOR
KEYPHASOR DETECTOR
THRUST POSITION DETECTOR
LP DIFF. EXPANSION DETECTOR
ZE5
ZE2
E3
VE
VE
SPEED
FRONT STANDERD
X+Y
BRG.#1
VIB.
#1
VE
E4
ZE5
HP
IP
X+Y
ZE6
VE
Y
VE
ZE6
VE
X
VIB.
DIFF.EXP
AN
VE
X
ECC
ZE5
POSTION
BRG.#2
X+Y
LP
LP
DIFF. EXPAN.
ZE1
VE
#1
KEYPHASOR
SE
X+Y
BRG.#4
BRG.#3
THRUST BEARING
SHELL EXPANTION
76
CASING ANCHOR POINT
TOSHIBA
TSI
LOCATION OF VIBRATION DETECTORS

VE
VE
VE
VE
VE
X
BRG.#5
GENERATOR
VIB.
VIB.
X+Y
77
VIBRATION DETECTOR
X+Y
BRG.6
STEADY
SUPPORT
TOSHIBA
TSI
2.5.2.Schematic Diagram of TSI - 1

ZERO SPEED
ECCENTRICITY
ZERO SPEED
DETECTOR
ECCENTRICITY
DETECTOR
KEYPHASOR
DETECTOR
ZERO SPEED
DRIVER
ECCENTRICITY
DRIVER
KEYPHASOR
DRIVER
FIELD
ZERO SPEED
MONITOR
TSI
MONITOR
EHC Cabinet
EHC
EHC
79
EHC
TOSHIBA
TSI
Schematic Diagram of TSI - 2

TURBINE VIBRATION DETECTOR
VIBRATION
DETECTOR
(BRG.#1-X)
VIBRATION
DETECTOR
(BRG.#1-Y)
VIBRATION
DETECTOR
(BRG.#2-X)
VIBRATION
DETECTOR
(BRG.#2-Y)
VIBRATION
DRIVER
VIBRATION
DRIVER
VIBRATION
DRIVER
VIBRATION
DRIVER
FIELD
TSI
TRIP(BRG.#2,3,4,5,6)
VIBRATION
MONITOR-1
VIBRATION
MONITOR-2
TRIP
EHC Cabinet
TRIP
EHC
EHC
80
EHC
TOSHIBA
TSI

SHELL EXPANSION
TURBINE DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION
SHELL EXPANSION
DETECTOR
HIP DIFFERENTIAL
EXPANSION DETECTOR
LP DIFFERENTIAL
EXPANSION DETECTOR(A)
LP DIFFERENTIAL
EXPANSION DETECTOR(B)
HIP DIFFERENTIAL
EXPANSION DRIVER
LP DIFFERENTIAL
EXPANSION DRIVER(A)
LP DIFFERENTIAL
EXPANSION DRIVER(B)
FIELD
HIP
DIFFERENTIAL
EXPANSION
MONITOR
SHELL EXPANSION
MONITOR
TSI
LP
DIFFERENTIAL
EXPANSION
MONITOR
EHC Cabinet
EHC
EHC
81
EHC
EHC
TOSHIBA
TSI

THRUST POSITION
THRUST POSITION
DETECTOR (A)
THRUST POSITION
DETECTOR (B)
THRUST POSITION
DETECTOR (C)
THRUST POSITION
DRIVER (A)
THRUST POSITION
DRIVER (B)
THRUST POSITION
DRIVER (C)
THRUST POSITION
MONITOR (B)
THRUST POSITION
MONITOR (C)
FIELD
TSI
THRUST POSITION
MONITOR (A)
TRIP(B)/(C)
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
EHC Cabinet
EHC
EHC
82
EHC
EHC
TOSHIBA
TSI
2.5.4.PRINCIPLE
VIBRATION DETECTOR
DETECTOR SLEEVE
DISPLACEMENT
DETECTOR
SHAFT
Advantages:
NO contact with the shaft surface

NO moving parts
NO wear
Easy calibration
Good frequency response
Disadvantages: External power supply required
Sensitive to material properties and imperfections
83
TOSHIBA
TSI
Sensor signal output
Toward/Away
DC COMPONENT
AVERAGE GAP
AC COMPONENT
DYNAMIC MOTION
84
TOSHIBA
TSI
OUTPUT SIGNAL(Vdc)
Sensor system response
-25
LINEAR
RANGE (2.2mm)
-20
-15
INITIAL OUTPUT
NEW OUTPUT
-10
-5
NEW GAP
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
INITIAL GAP
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.6
GAP (mm)
85
TOSHIBA
TSI
2.5.4. TSI SENSOR SYSTEM OUTLINE
REFERENCE DRAWINGS OF THE

INSTRUMENTS
86
TOSHIBA
TSI
Detector
Connection
Side
Sensor Side
87
TOSHIBA
TSI
Extension Cable
Sensor Side
88
Driver Side
TOSHIBA
TSI
Driver
89
TOSHIBA
TSI
Connection Diagram
Terminal Block
Vibration
Detector
Extension
Cable
Driver
Shield
Cable
CAUTION
To avoid electrical shock, do not apply
power source to the monitor when
wiring.
90
TOSHIBA
TSI
CAUTIONARY NOTE:
Instruction manuals are provided for installation, maintenance and
troubleshooting of the TSI.
The person responsible for the TSI should review these manuals
carefully before commencing any of these activities.
91
TOSHIBA
END STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

92
TOSHIBA

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STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

2. STEAM TURBINE AND

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

(TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENT)

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

HP/ IP outer casing

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

HP/ IP outer casing

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Cross over pipe

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS FOR STEAM TURBINE

2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE

STEAM PATH OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY IMPULSE DESIGN

Impulse-Type Steam Path - Rugged Blade Design

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE

NOZZLE BOX CONSTRUCTION

Nozzle Box & Casing Assembly

Upper Half of Nozzle Box

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE

RUGGED NOZZLE DIAPHRAGMS

Wheel and Diaphragm Construction

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

MAJOR PARTS / BLADE

RECESSED TENON TYPE BLADE with MULTIPLE TIP FINS and