EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 7

1. A voltage of 100 2sin(314t + ) is applied to a series RL circuit by closing a switch.

R=10ohm and L=0.1H.
(a) What is the maximum possible value of DC component of current that can occur.
(b) If the switch is closed at an instant such that the DC component of current is zero,
what is the instantaneous value of voltage at the time of closing of a switch.
(c) If the switch is closed when the instantaneous voltage is zero, find the instantaneous
current 5 seconds later.
[Ans: (a)4.2915A (b)134.75V (c)-4.089A]
Solution:

i(t) =

Vmax
|Z|

Rt
sin(t + ) e L sin( )

Vmax
sin(t + )
|Z|
Rt
Vmax
itr (t) =
e L sin( )
|Z|

|Z| = R2 + (L)2 = (10)2 + (314 0.1)2 = 32.954ohm

)
(
)
(
314 0.1
L
1
1
= tan
= 72.3350
= tan
R
10
iss (t) =

(a) DC component of current (or) transient term will have its maximum value when

( ) = and t=0.
2

Vmax
100 2
=
= 4.2915A
|Z|
32.954
(b) DC component of current will be zero, when ( )
At the instant of closing switch (t=0),

v(t) = 100 2sin(72.3350 ) = 134.75V

(c)

v(t) = 100 2sin(314t + ) = 0

= = 314t

At t=5sec, = 314 5 = 1570

]
100 2 [
i(t) =
sin(72.335) e1005 sin(1570 72.335) = 4.089A
32.954

Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi

EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 7

2. A generator rated 100MVA, 18KV with reactances of xd = 19%, xd = 26%, xd = 130%

is connected to a transformer. The transformer is rated 100MVA, 240 star/18 delta KV,
x = 10%. If a three phase short circuit occurs on the high voltage side of the transformer
at rated voltage and no load, find
(a) The initial symmetrical RMS current in the transformer winding on the high voltage
side.
(b) The initial symmetrical RMS current in the line on low voltage side.
[Ans: (a)829.5A (b)11,060A]
Solution:

I =

1.0
= j3.448p.u
j(0.19 + 0.10)

100 1000
= 240.6A
BaseIHV =
3 240
100 1000
BaseILV =
= 3207.5A
3 18
(a) 3.448 240.6 = 829.5A
(b) 3.448 3207.5 = 11,060A
3. A generator is connected through a transformer to a synchronous motor. Reduced to
the same base, the p.u sub-transient reactances of the generator and motor are 0.15 and
0.35 respectively. and leakage reactance of transformer is 0.1p.u. A three phase fault
occurs at terminals of motor when terminal voltage of generator is 0.9p.u and output
current of generator is 1.0p.u at 0.8pf leading. Find sub-transient current in p.u in fault,
in generator and in motor. Use terminal voltage of generator as reference phasor and

obtain solution using thevenins theorem. [Ans: Ig = 0.48-j3.24 p.u; Im = -1.03-j3.34

p.u]
Solution:

Vf = 0.9 (0.8 + j0.6)(j0.1) = 0.96 j0.08p.u

j0.25 j0.35
Zth =
= j0.146p.u
j0.60
0.96 j0.08

= 0.55 j6.58p.u
If =
j0.146

By replacing If by a current source and then applying the principle of superposition

Ig = 0.8 + j0.6 +

j0.35
(0.55 j6.58) = 0.48 j3.24p.u
j0.6

Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi

EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 7

Im = 0.8 j0.6 +

j0.25
(0.55 j6.58) = 1.03 j3.34p.u
j0.6

4. The one-line diagram of three phase power system is as shown: Each generator is repre-

Figure 1:
sented by an emf behind the sub-transient reactance. All impedances are expressed in
p.u on common MVA base. All resistances and shunt capacitances are neglected. The
generators are operating on no-load at their rated voltage with their emfs in phase. A
three phase fault occurs at bus 3 through fault impedance Zf =j0.19p.u.
(a) Using Thevenins theorem obtain the impedance to the point of fault and fault
current in p.u.
(b) Determine the bus voltages and line currents during fault.
[Ans: (a) Z33 =j0.2102; If = -j2.4988 p.u (b) V1f = 0.925p.u; V2f = 0.925p.u; V3f =
f
f
f
0.4748p.u; I12
= 0; I13
= -j1.5007p.u; I33
= -j1.0004p.u]
Solution: z12 = j0.75, z10 = j0.05, z20 = j0.075, z13 = j0.3, z23 = j0.45
y12 = -j1.33, y10 = -j20, y20 = -13.33j, y13 = -3.33j, y23 = -2.22j

YBus

24.66j
1.33j
3.33j

16.88j 2.22j
= 1.33j

3.33j
2.22j
5.55j

YBus

= l21 1

l31 l32

u11 u12 u13

0 u22 u23
0

0
0 u33
1
0

u11 = -24.66j; u12 = 1.33j; u13 = 3.33j

Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi

EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 7

l21 u11 = 1.33j = l21 = -0.0539

l21 u12 + u22 = -16.88i = u22 = -16.8083j
l21 u13 + u23 = 2.22j = u23 = 2.3994j
l31 u11 = 3.33j = l31 = -0.1350
l31 u12 + l32 u22 = 2.22j = l32 =-0.1428
l31 u13 + l32 u23 + u33 = -5.55j = u33 =-4.7578j
Y = LU

24.66j
1.33j
3.33j
Z13
0

0.0539

1
0
16.8083j 2.3994j

0
Z23 = 0

0.1350 0.1428 1
0
0
4.7578j Z33
1
1

X1
0

0.0539

1
0

X2 = 0

0.1350 0.1428 1 X3
1
1

X1 = 0
0.05X1 + X2 = 0 = X2 =0
X3 = 1

24.66j
1.33j
3.33j
Z13
0

0

16.8083j 2.3994j

Z23 = 0

0
0
4.7578j Z33
1
(-4.7578j)(Z33 )=1 = Z33 = 0.2102j;
(16.8083j)(Z23 ) + (2.3994j)(Z33 ) = 0 = Z23 = 0.03j
(24.66j)(Z13 ) + (1.33j)(Z23 ) + (3.33j)(Z33 ) = 0 = Z13 = 0.03j
If =

1
V30
=
= 2.4988j
Z33 + Zf
0.2102j + 0.19j
Vif = Vi0

Zi3
V30
Z33 + Zf

Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi

EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 7

V1f = V10

0.03j
Z13
V30 = 1
1 = 0.925p.u
Z33 + Zf
j0.4002

V2f = V20

0.03j
Z23
V30 = 1
1 = 0.925p.u
Z33 + Zf
j0.4002

V3f = If Zf = (2.4988j)(0.19j) = 0.4748p.u

Iijf
f
I12
=

Vif Vjf
=
zij

V1f V2f
0.925 0.925
=
=0
z12
0.75j

f
I13

V1f V3f
0.925 0.4748
=
=
= 1.5007jp.u
z13
j0.3

f
I23

V2f V3f
0.925 0.4748
=
=
= 1.0004jp.u
z23
j0.45

Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi